one-day-old Tianfu meat ducklings were divided into three groups, and fed on dietsas follows:(1)control (Cu 12.16 mg kg-1),(2) copper toxicⅠ(Cu 850 mg kg-1) and (3)copper toxicⅡ( Cu 1050 mg kg-1) for studies on effe...one-day-old Tianfu meat ducklings were divided into three groups, and fed on dietsas follows:(1)control (Cu 12.16 mg kg-1),(2) copper toxicⅠ(Cu 850 mg kg-1) and (3)copper toxicⅡ( Cu 1050 mg kg-1) for studies on effects of copper toxicity on lymphoidorgans in duckling with the methods of experimental pathology and flow cytometry (FCM).The weight and growth index of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were markedlyreduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in both copper toxic groupⅠand Cu toxic group Ⅱ whencompared with control group. The G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle of the thymus, spleen andbursa of Fabricius was much higher, and S, G2+M phases lower in Cu toxic groupsⅠand Ⅱthan in the control group. There were lymphocyte degeneration and depletion of lymphoidorgans, and the reticular cells of spleen and bursa of Fabricius proliferated and thereticular cells of thymus were also degenerate and necrotic in Cu toxic groups. Theresults demonstrated that Cu toxicity seriously impaired the progression of lymphocytesfrom the G0/G1 phase to S phase, inhibited the development of lymphoid organs and causedmarked pathological injury in lymphoid organs. The results also showed that the effectof Cu toxicity on the primary lymphoid organs occurred stronger than on the secondarylymphoid organs. The effect of Cu toxicity was the greatest on the bursa of Fabricius,followed by the thymus, and then the spleen. Potential mechanisms underlying aforementionedobservation were also discussed.展开更多
The experiment was conducted with the objective of studies on effects of zinc toxicity on lymphoid organs by the methods of experimental pathology and flow cytometry (FCM). 200 one-day-old Avian broilers were divide...The experiment was conducted with the objective of studies on effects of zinc toxicity on lymphoid organs by the methods of experimental pathology and flow cytometry (FCM). 200 one-day-old Avian broilers were divided into four groups randomly, and fed on diets as follows: controls (Zn 100 mg kg-1)and zinc toxic (Zn 1 500 mg kg-1, zinc toxic group Ⅰ; Zn 2 000 mg kg-1, zinc toxic groupⅡ; Zn 2 500 mg kg-1, zinc toxic group Ⅲ) for seven weeks. The weight and growth index of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were reduced in both zinc toxic groupⅡand zinc toxic group Ⅲ when compared with those of control group. The G0/G1 phase of the cell cycles of the lymphoid organs was higher, and S, G2+M phases lower in zinc toxic groups Ⅱand Ⅲ than in control group. Lymphocytes were depleted and degenerate in the lymphoid organs. The reticular cells of the bursa of Fabricius proliferated and the reticular cells of the thymus were also degenerate and necrotic, particularly in zinc toxic groups Ⅱand Ⅲ. The results demonstrated that more than 1 500 mg kg-1 impaired the progression of lymphocytes from the G0/Gl phase to S phase obviously, inhibited the development of lymphoid organs and caused marked pathological changes in the lymphoid organs. Potential mechanisms underlying these observations are also discussed.展开更多
The experiment was conducted to examine the effect of copper toxicity on lymphoid organs by experimental pathology andflow cytometry (FCM). 180 one-day-old Avian broilers were divided into three groups, and fed diets ...The experiment was conducted to examine the effect of copper toxicity on lymphoid organs by experimental pathology andflow cytometry (FCM). 180 one-day-old Avian broilers were divided into three groups, and fed diets as follows: 1) Control(Cu 11.97 mg kg-1 diet), 2) Cu- toxic groupⅠ(Cu 650 mg kg-1) and 3) Cu- toxic groupⅡ(Cu 850 mg kg-1) for six weeks.Compared with the control, the growth index of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were markedly reduced (P<0.05or P<0.01), the G0/G1 phase of cell cycles of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius was higher (P<0.05 or P<0.01), whilethe S phase and proliferating index were lower (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in both Cu-toxic group Ⅰ and Cu-toxic group Ⅱ. Theresults demonstrated that Cu toxicity seriously impaired the progression of lymphocytes from the G0/G1 phase to the Sphase, inhibited the growth and development of lymphoid organs.展开更多
At present,gold nanoparticles(GNPs)are widely used in biomedical applications such as cancer diagnostics and therapy.Accordingly,the potential toxicity hazards of these nanomaterials and human safety concerns are gain...At present,gold nanoparticles(GNPs)are widely used in biomedical applications such as cancer diagnostics and therapy.Accordingly,the potential toxicity hazards of these nanomaterials and human safety concerns are gaining significant attention.Here,we report the effects of prolonged peroral administration of GNPs with different sizes(2,15 and 50 nm)on morphological changes in lymphoid organs and indicators of peripheral blood of laboratory animals.The experiment was conducted on 24 white mongrel male rats weighing 180–220 g,gold nanospheres sizes 2,15 and 50nm were administered orally for 15 days at a dosage of 190g/kg of animal body weight.The GNPs were conjugated with polyethylene glycol to increase their biocompatibility and bioavailability.The size-dependent decrease of the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes was noted in the study of peripheral blood,especially pronounced after administration of GNPs with size of 50 nm.The stimulation of myelocytic germ of hematopoiesis was recorded at morphological study of the bone marrow.The signs of strengthening of the processes of differentiation and maturation of cellular elements were found in lymph nodes,which were showed as the increasing number of immunoblasts and large lymphocytes.The quantitative changes of cellular component morphology of lymphoid organs due to activation of migration,proliferation and di®erentiation of immune cells indicate the presence of immunostimulation effect of GNPs.展开更多
Histological study on the ontogeny of the lymphoid organs, kidney, thymus and spleen of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from hatching to 40 d was carried out. The pronephric kidney duct appeared early in ha...Histological study on the ontogeny of the lymphoid organs, kidney, thymus and spleen of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from hatching to 40 d was carried out. The pronephric kidney duct appeared early in hatching although the primordial haemopoietic stem cells were observed within a week after hatching. The spleen was first seen after 8 d of hatching. The thymus appeared after 15 d, situated near the pronephric kidney. Small lymphoid cells appeared during the later phase of the post-larval stage in the sequence of thymus, kidney and spleen. During the 40 d of observations, there were no distinct inner or outer zones in thymus and no red or white pulp in spleen. These results suggest that the nonspecific defense immune system plays a very important role in the early larval stage of Japanese flounder.展开更多
Background : SHARPIN (SHANK- associated RH domain interactor) is a component ofthe linear ubiquitination complex that regulates the NF- κB signaling pathway. To betterunderstand the function of SHARPIN, we sought to ...Background : SHARPIN (SHANK- associated RH domain interactor) is a component ofthe linear ubiquitination complex that regulates the NF- κB signaling pathway. To betterunderstand the function of SHARPIN, we sought to establish a novel geneticallyengineered Syrian hamster with SHARPIN disruption using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.Methods : A single- guide ribonucleic acid targeting exon 1 of SHARPIN gene was designedand constructed. The zygotes generated by cytoplasmic injection of the Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein were transferred into pseudopregnant hamsters. Neonatalmutants were identified by genotyping. SHARPIN protein expression was detectedusing Western blotting assay. Splenic, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and thymicweights were measured, and organ coefficients were calculated. Histopathologicalexamination of the spleen, liver, lung, small intestine, and esophagus was performedindependently by a pathologist. The expression of lymphocytic markers and cytokineswas evaluated using reverse transcriptase- quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results : All the offspring harbored germline- transmitted SHARPIN mutations.Compared with wild- type hamsters, SHARPIN protein was undetectable in SHARPIN −/−hamsters. Spleen enlargement and splenic coefficient elevation were spotted inSHARPIN −/− hamsters, with the descent of MLNs and thymuses. Further, eosinophilinfiltration and structural alteration in spleens, livers, lungs, small intestines, and esophagiwere obvious after the deletion of SHARPIN. Notably, the expression of CD94 and CD22 was downregulated in the spleens of knockout (KO) animals. Nonetheless,the expression of CCR3, CCL11, Il4 , and Il13 was upregulated in the esophagi. Theexpression of NF- κB and phosphorylation of NF- κB and IκB protein significantly diminishedin SHARPIN −/− animals.Conclusions : A novel SHARPIN KO hamster was successfully established using theCRISPR/Cas9 system. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid organs andeosinophil infiltration in multiple organs reveal its potential in delineating SHARPINfunction and chronic inflammation.展开更多
文摘one-day-old Tianfu meat ducklings were divided into three groups, and fed on dietsas follows:(1)control (Cu 12.16 mg kg-1),(2) copper toxicⅠ(Cu 850 mg kg-1) and (3)copper toxicⅡ( Cu 1050 mg kg-1) for studies on effects of copper toxicity on lymphoidorgans in duckling with the methods of experimental pathology and flow cytometry (FCM).The weight and growth index of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were markedlyreduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in both copper toxic groupⅠand Cu toxic group Ⅱ whencompared with control group. The G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle of the thymus, spleen andbursa of Fabricius was much higher, and S, G2+M phases lower in Cu toxic groupsⅠand Ⅱthan in the control group. There were lymphocyte degeneration and depletion of lymphoidorgans, and the reticular cells of spleen and bursa of Fabricius proliferated and thereticular cells of thymus were also degenerate and necrotic in Cu toxic groups. Theresults demonstrated that Cu toxicity seriously impaired the progression of lymphocytesfrom the G0/G1 phase to S phase, inhibited the development of lymphoid organs and causedmarked pathological injury in lymphoid organs. The results also showed that the effectof Cu toxicity on the primary lymphoid organs occurred stronger than on the secondarylymphoid organs. The effect of Cu toxicity was the greatest on the bursa of Fabricius,followed by the thymus, and then the spleen. Potential mechanisms underlying aforementionedobservation were also discussed.
基金The study was supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(30471304)the Per sonnel Depar tment and Education Department of Sichuan Province,China.
文摘The experiment was conducted with the objective of studies on effects of zinc toxicity on lymphoid organs by the methods of experimental pathology and flow cytometry (FCM). 200 one-day-old Avian broilers were divided into four groups randomly, and fed on diets as follows: controls (Zn 100 mg kg-1)and zinc toxic (Zn 1 500 mg kg-1, zinc toxic group Ⅰ; Zn 2 000 mg kg-1, zinc toxic groupⅡ; Zn 2 500 mg kg-1, zinc toxic group Ⅲ) for seven weeks. The weight and growth index of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were reduced in both zinc toxic groupⅡand zinc toxic group Ⅲ when compared with those of control group. The G0/G1 phase of the cell cycles of the lymphoid organs was higher, and S, G2+M phases lower in zinc toxic groups Ⅱand Ⅲ than in control group. Lymphocytes were depleted and degenerate in the lymphoid organs. The reticular cells of the bursa of Fabricius proliferated and the reticular cells of the thymus were also degenerate and necrotic, particularly in zinc toxic groups Ⅱand Ⅲ. The results demonstrated that more than 1 500 mg kg-1 impaired the progression of lymphocytes from the G0/Gl phase to S phase obviously, inhibited the development of lymphoid organs and caused marked pathological changes in the lymphoid organs. Potential mechanisms underlying these observations are also discussed.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (30471304) the Educa-tion Department of Sichuan Province of China (143-[1998]).
文摘The experiment was conducted to examine the effect of copper toxicity on lymphoid organs by experimental pathology andflow cytometry (FCM). 180 one-day-old Avian broilers were divided into three groups, and fed diets as follows: 1) Control(Cu 11.97 mg kg-1 diet), 2) Cu- toxic groupⅠ(Cu 650 mg kg-1) and 3) Cu- toxic groupⅡ(Cu 850 mg kg-1) for six weeks.Compared with the control, the growth index of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were markedly reduced (P<0.05or P<0.01), the G0/G1 phase of cell cycles of the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius was higher (P<0.05 or P<0.01), whilethe S phase and proliferating index were lower (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in both Cu-toxic group Ⅰ and Cu-toxic group Ⅱ. Theresults demonstrated that Cu toxicity seriously impaired the progression of lymphocytes from the G0/G1 phase to the Sphase, inhibited the growth and development of lymphoid organs.
文摘At present,gold nanoparticles(GNPs)are widely used in biomedical applications such as cancer diagnostics and therapy.Accordingly,the potential toxicity hazards of these nanomaterials and human safety concerns are gaining significant attention.Here,we report the effects of prolonged peroral administration of GNPs with different sizes(2,15 and 50 nm)on morphological changes in lymphoid organs and indicators of peripheral blood of laboratory animals.The experiment was conducted on 24 white mongrel male rats weighing 180–220 g,gold nanospheres sizes 2,15 and 50nm were administered orally for 15 days at a dosage of 190g/kg of animal body weight.The GNPs were conjugated with polyethylene glycol to increase their biocompatibility and bioavailability.The size-dependent decrease of the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes was noted in the study of peripheral blood,especially pronounced after administration of GNPs with size of 50 nm.The stimulation of myelocytic germ of hematopoiesis was recorded at morphological study of the bone marrow.The signs of strengthening of the processes of differentiation and maturation of cellular elements were found in lymph nodes,which were showed as the increasing number of immunoblasts and large lymphocytes.The quantitative changes of cellular component morphology of lymphoid organs due to activation of migration,proliferation and di®erentiation of immune cells indicate the presence of immunostimulation effect of GNPs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science of China(No.30000129)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(G1999012005).
文摘Histological study on the ontogeny of the lymphoid organs, kidney, thymus and spleen of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from hatching to 40 d was carried out. The pronephric kidney duct appeared early in hatching although the primordial haemopoietic stem cells were observed within a week after hatching. The spleen was first seen after 8 d of hatching. The thymus appeared after 15 d, situated near the pronephric kidney. Small lymphoid cells appeared during the later phase of the post-larval stage in the sequence of thymus, kidney and spleen. During the 40 d of observations, there were no distinct inner or outer zones in thymus and no red or white pulp in spleen. These results suggest that the nonspecific defense immune system plays a very important role in the early larval stage of Japanese flounder.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,Grant/Award Number:202300410259Henan Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:202001043China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021T140184。
文摘Background : SHARPIN (SHANK- associated RH domain interactor) is a component ofthe linear ubiquitination complex that regulates the NF- κB signaling pathway. To betterunderstand the function of SHARPIN, we sought to establish a novel geneticallyengineered Syrian hamster with SHARPIN disruption using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.Methods : A single- guide ribonucleic acid targeting exon 1 of SHARPIN gene was designedand constructed. The zygotes generated by cytoplasmic injection of the Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein were transferred into pseudopregnant hamsters. Neonatalmutants were identified by genotyping. SHARPIN protein expression was detectedusing Western blotting assay. Splenic, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and thymicweights were measured, and organ coefficients were calculated. Histopathologicalexamination of the spleen, liver, lung, small intestine, and esophagus was performedindependently by a pathologist. The expression of lymphocytic markers and cytokineswas evaluated using reverse transcriptase- quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results : All the offspring harbored germline- transmitted SHARPIN mutations.Compared with wild- type hamsters, SHARPIN protein was undetectable in SHARPIN −/−hamsters. Spleen enlargement and splenic coefficient elevation were spotted inSHARPIN −/− hamsters, with the descent of MLNs and thymuses. Further, eosinophilinfiltration and structural alteration in spleens, livers, lungs, small intestines, and esophagiwere obvious after the deletion of SHARPIN. Notably, the expression of CD94 and CD22 was downregulated in the spleens of knockout (KO) animals. Nonetheless,the expression of CCR3, CCL11, Il4 , and Il13 was upregulated in the esophagi. Theexpression of NF- κB and phosphorylation of NF- κB and IκB protein significantly diminishedin SHARPIN −/− animals.Conclusions : A novel SHARPIN KO hamster was successfully established using theCRISPR/Cas9 system. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid organs andeosinophil infiltration in multiple organs reveal its potential in delineating SHARPINfunction and chronic inflammation.
