Phthalic acid is a main pollutant, which is also an important reason for the continuous cropping effect of tobacco. In order to degrade the phthalic acid accumulated in the environment and relieve the obstacle effect ...Phthalic acid is a main pollutant, which is also an important reason for the continuous cropping effect of tobacco. In order to degrade the phthalic acid accumulated in the environment and relieve the obstacle effect of tobacco continuous cropping caused by the accumulation of phthalic acid in the soil. In this study, phthalate degrading bacteria B3 is screened from continuous cropping tobacco soil. The results of biochemical identification and 16sDNA comparison show that the homology between degrading bacterium B3 and Enterobacter sp. is 99%. At the same time, the growth of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. B3 and the degradation of phthalic acid under different environmental conditions are studied. The results show that the environment with a temperature of 30˚C, PH of 7, and inoculation amount of not less than 1.2%, which is the optimal growth conditions for Enterobacter sp. B3. In an environment with a concentration of phthalic acid not exceeding 500 mg/L, Enterobacter sp. B3 has a better effect on phthalic acid degradation, and the degradation rate can reach 77% in 7 d. The results of indoor potting experiments on tobacco show that the degradation rate of phthalic acid by Enterobacter B3 in the soil is about 45%, which can reduce the inhibitory effect of phthalic acid on the growth of tobacco seedlings. This study enriches the microbial resources for degrading phthalic acid and provides a theoretical basis for alleviating tobacco continuous cropping obstacles.展开更多
Humic acid is rich in highly electronegative oxygen-containing organic functional groups,so it has high reactivity and can adsorb phthalic acid ester(PAEs)in the environment to reduce the risk of environmental polluti...Humic acid is rich in highly electronegative oxygen-containing organic functional groups,so it has high reactivity and can adsorb phthalic acid ester(PAEs)in the environment to reduce the risk of environmental pollution from PAEs.In this paper,the extraction,characterization and adsorption models of humic acid were reviewed,and the research status of adsorption of PAEs by humic acid was further summarized.Based on these,the feasibility and observable application prospect of humic acid as a cheap adsorbent were analyzed.展开更多
Abiotic degradability of four phthalic acid esters （PAEs） in the aquatic phase was evaluated over a wide pH range 5-9. The PAE solutions in glass test tubes were placed either in the dark and under the natural sunli...Abiotic degradability of four phthalic acid esters （PAEs） in the aquatic phase was evaluated over a wide pH range 5-9. The PAE solutions in glass test tubes were placed either in the dark and under the natural sunlight irradiation for evaluating the degradation rate via hydrolysis or photolysis plus hydrolysis, respectively, at ambient temperature for 140 d from autumn to winter in Osaka, Japan. The efficiency of abiotic degradation of the PAEs with relatively short alkyl chains, such as butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP） and di-nbutyl phthalate （DBP）, at neutral pH was significantly lower than that in the acidic or alkaline condition. Photolysis was considered to contribute mainly to the total abiotic degradation at all pH. Neither hydrolysis nor photolysis of di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP） proceeded significantly at any pH, especially hydrolysis at neutral pH was negligible. On the other hand, the degradation rate of di- isononyl phthalate （DINP） catalyzed mainly by photolysis was much higher than those of the other PAEs, and was almost completely removed during the experimental period at pH 5 and 9. As a whole, according to the half-life （t1/2） obtained in the experiments, the abiotic degradability of the PAEs was in the sequence： DINP （32-140 d） 〉 DBP （50-360 d）, BBP （58-480 d） 〉 DEHP （390-1600 d） under sunlight irradiation （via photolysis plus hydrolysis）. Although the abiotic degradation rates for BBP, DBP, and DEHP are much lower than the biodegradation rates reported, the photolysis rate for DINP is comparable to its biodegradation rate in the acidic or alkaline condition.展开更多
Biodegradability of di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP）, di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP）, and di-isononyl phthalate （DINP） under an anaerobic condition was evaluated using three natural sedi...Biodegradability of di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP）, di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP）, and di-isononyl phthalate （DINP） under an anaerobic condition was evaluated using three natural sediment microcosms obtained from ponds in Osaka, which had not been significantly polluted by the chemicals. The degradabilities of the four phthalic acid esters（PAEs） were analyzed by a first-order kinetic model with a lag phase and ranked as DBP〉BBP〉〉DEHP〉DINP. The PAEs with shorter alkyl-chains, DBP and BBP, were degraded with quite short lag phases near to zero and short half-lives of a few days. The PAEs with longer alkyl-chains, DEHP and DINP, were degraded with lag phases of 5-30 d and the quite long half-lives of a couple of hundred days. Although no data was available on the anaerobic biodegradability of D1NP before this study, it was clarified that DINP can be degraded with slow degradation rates. The fact that all the three intact sediments were capable of biodegradation of the PAEs suggests that potential of anaerobic biodegradation of PAEs is widespread in the aquatic environment.展开更多
Transformations of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) have been investigated in anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A/A/O) leachate treatment processes. Although the DBP removal processes are different w...Transformations of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) have been investigated in anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A/A/O) leachate treatment processes. Although the DBP removal processes are different when the DBP initial concentration is different, the overall system DBP removal efficiencies are high(N 94%).DEHP is much more difficult to remove than DBP. The removal efficiency of DEHP is approximately 75%–78%.The results of mass balance calculations indicate that approximately 33.7%–50.7% of the DBP is degraded by the activated sludge, 48.9%–64.9% accumulates in the system, and 0.4%–1.4% is contained in the final effluent. Approximately 15.0%–19.0% of the DEHP is degraded by activated microcosms, 75.8%–79.0% accumulates in the system, and 5.2%–6.0% is contained in the final effluent. Biodegradation and adsorption to the activated sludge are the main mechanisms for DBP removal and adsorption to the activated sludge is the main mechanism for DEHP removal. The different removal mechanisms of the two PAEs may be related to their different molecular structures. However, PAEs are not really removed when they adsorb onto the sludge. Therefore, methods for decreasing PAEs adsorption and increasing the biodegradation efficiencies of the leachate treatment processes should be further investigated.展开更多
Five new coordination polymers Cu（phen）（H2O）（phth）·CH3OH（1）, [Cu（2,2′-bipy）（H2O）]（phth）·3.5H2O（2）, Zn（phen）（phth）（H2O）·1.125H2O（3） and [M（4,4′-bipy）（H2O）2]（phth）·2H2...Five new coordination polymers Cu（phen）（H2O）（phth）·CH3OH（1）, [Cu（2,2′-bipy）（H2O）]（phth）·3.5H2O（2）, Zn（phen）（phth）（H2O）·1.125H2O（3） and [M（4,4′-bipy）（H2O）2]（phth）·2H2O[M=Zn（4）, Mn（5）]（H2phth=phthalic acid, bipy=bipyridine, phen=1,10-phenanthroline） have been synthesized from the amino acid derivatives（phthalyl-l- valine, H2L） and structurally characterized. H2L was hydrolyzed into phth2- group during the reaction, but the strucure feature was different from that of the complex directly synthesized from H2phth in the reported literature, revealing that H2L played an important role in composing the novel compounds. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 are all 1D chains, but the differences are that compound 1 is further hydrogen-bonded into 2D networks, and compound 2 is further extended into 3D supramolecular network through π-π stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions. However, compound 3 is a 1D helix chain structure and further links into 2D networks through π-π stacking. Compounds 4 and 5 are isostructural and exhibit the same 2D layers, which are further connected by hydrogen-bonding interactions to form 3D supramolecular network. Antiferromagnetic superexchange was observed for compounds 1, 2 and 5.展开更多
Based on quantitative structure-property relationship （QSPR） of organic compounds, the molecular connectivity indices of 21 phthalic acid ester compounds were extracted. Relationship between the physicochemical prop...Based on quantitative structure-property relationship （QSPR） of organic compounds, the molecular connectivity indices of 21 phthalic acid ester compounds were extracted. Relationship between the physicochemical properties （n-octanol/air partition coefficient, vapor pressure, water solubility） and the molecular connectivity indices of phthalic acid ester compounds have been established by multiple linear regression （MLR） method. The results showed that the zero-order valence connectivity index （0Xu） is the topology parameter which affects octanol/water partition coefficient and water solubility, and the topology parameter which affects vapor pressure is the first-order connectivity index （1X）. This indicated to a certain extent_that the molecular connectivity indices can be well used to express the quantitative relationship between the physicochemical properties and structure descriptions of phthalic acid ester compounds. The models constructed have good robustness and highly predictive capability.展开更多
A novel series of para-diiodobenzene derivatives, 3,6-diiodo-4,5-dialkyl-phthalic acid dimethyl esters, were prepared via cycloaddition of two TMS-substituted alkynes and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, which was med...A novel series of para-diiodobenzene derivatives, 3,6-diiodo-4,5-dialkyl-phthalic acid dimethyl esters, were prepared via cycloaddition of two TMS-substituted alkynes and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, which was mediated by zirconocene. After iodination, three new compounds of 3,6-diiodo-4,5-dimethyl（dipropyl, dibutyl）-phthalic acid dimethyl esters （3a, 3b, 3c） were synthesized in high region-selectivity and yields, and characterized by NMR. The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of 3a （C12H121204, Mr = 474.02） belongs to the triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 7.6238（10）, b = 9.4571（12）, c = 10.8221（14） A, a = 66.611（10）, fl = 88.511（12）, 7 ： 77.604（11）% V= 697.93（16） A3, Z= 2, F（000） = 444, Dc = 2.256 mg/m3, g = 4.509 mm-1, T=133（2） K, S = 1.014, R = 0.0229 and wR = 0.0547 for 2644 observed reflections with I 〉 20（/）; the crystal of 3b （C16H201204, Mr - 530.12） is of triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 9.4122（19）, b = 10.626（2）, c = 11.353（2） A, a = 97.90（3）, fl = 113.83（3）, y = 110.22（3）°, V= 922.6（3） A3, Z- 2, F（000） = 508, Dc - 1.908 mg/m3, g = 3.422 mm-1, T = 113（2） K, S = 1.115, R = 0.0428 and wR = 0.1072 for 3971 observed reflections with I〉 20（/）; the crystal of 3c （ClsH241204, Mr = 558.17） belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 26.396（2）, b = 8.7560（8）, c = 25.7970（18） A, fl = 91.721（4）o, V= 5959.6（8） A3, Z = 12, F（000） = 3240, Dc = 1.866 mg/m3,/z = 3.184 mm-l, T= 113（2） K, S = 1.154, R = 0.0424 and wR = 0.0766 for 13056 observed reflections with I 〉 20（/）.展开更多
A new nickel coordination polymer {[Ni（dpa）（bpe）（H2O）]2}n（1） has been hydro-thermally synthesized, and structurally characterized by UV spectroscopy, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction（H2...A new nickel coordination polymer {[Ni（dpa）（bpe）（H2O）]2}n（1） has been hydro-thermally synthesized, and structurally characterized by UV spectroscopy, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction（H2dpa=3-（4-hydroxypyridinium-1-yl） phthalic acid, bpe=μ-1,2-di（4-pyridyl） ethylene）. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a=8.779（2）, b=10.909（3）, c=12.739（3）, α=72.45（2）, β=75.13（2）, γ=86.47（2）°, V=1124.1（5） 3, Z=2, Mr=516.14, Dc=1.525 g/cm3, μ=0.912 mm-1, Rint=0.0532, F（000）=532, the final R=0.0523 and wR=0.1089 for 3949 observed reflections（I〉2σ（I））. The coordination around the Ni center is a distorted octahedron coordination geometry involving two protonated H2dpa ligands, two bpe ligands, and one coordinated H2O molecule. The dpa2- anion, as a bridging ligand, connects two Ni centers to form binuclear units, which are linked together by the bpe ligands to form two-dimensional layers, and the interlayer hydrogen bonding further extends the 2D sheet into a 3D supramolecular framework.展开更多
O-phthalic acid is a kind of important pollutant, which accumulates in the environment with the extensive use of plastics and other products. Meanwhile, phthalic acid is one of the high content of allelopathic autotox...O-phthalic acid is a kind of important pollutant, which accumulates in the environment with the extensive use of plastics and other products. Meanwhile, phthalic acid is one of the high content of allelopathic autotoxic substances secreted by tobacco. The accumulation of phthalic acid in soil is an important cause of tobacco continuous cropping effect. In order to degrade phthalic acid accumulated in environment, the barrier effect of tobacco continuous cropping caused by phthalic acid accumulation in soil can be removed. A strain capable of degrading phthalic acid was isolated from sludge of sewage treatment plant and compared with 16 s DNA. The homology between this strain and Enterobacter sp. is 99%. The optimum growth conditions are as follows: pH7 at 30°C, 500 mg/L of o-phthalic acid, inoculation concentration ≥ 1.2% and its highest degradation rate of o-phthalic acid is 74%. The results of pot experiment showed that the degradation efficiency of o-phthalic acid in soil was about 40%, which alleviated the inhibitory effect of o-phthalic acid accumulation on tobacco growth.展开更多
Monitoring water quality in an aquatic system is a crucial objective in pursuing sustainable development,despite the challenges posed by water scarcity and the impact of climate change.The objective of the present stu...Monitoring water quality in an aquatic system is a crucial objective in pursuing sustainable development,despite the challenges posed by water scarcity and the impact of climate change.The objective of the present study was to examine the water quality of the Tigris River along its course from the point of entry into Baghdad city to its exit,particularly in the presence of Phthalic Acid Esters(PAEs).In both dry and wet seasons and from five sites of the river,nine environmental factors(Turbidity,Total dissolved solids,pH,dissolved oxygen,Chloride,nitrate,phosphate,sulfate,and Biological oxygen demand)and three PAEs(di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP),di-isononyl phthalate(DiNP),and di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate(DEHP))were investigated.Results revealed that the river has high levels of turbidity and Total dissolved solids,slightly alkaline,and well-aerated(dissolved oxygen>7 mg/L).Chloride,nitrate,phosphate,and sulfate values varied between seasons,as high values were recorded in the wet season.Biochemical oxygen demand levels were higher during the dry season.The highest value of total PAEs(2.20μg/L)was observed during the dry season,and the lowest value was in the wet season(1.16μg/L).The HQ results revealed that the river was ranked as a moderate risk area.However the water quality index and environmental risk index classified the water quality as a poor category,with a high-risk score in the study sites within Baghdad city.Therefore,despite the acceptable limit of PAEs in the river's water(<3μg/L),its presence is an early alarm to withdraw attention to its environmental risk.These findings highlight the need for appropriate measures to control and remove pollutants to ensure a safe and healthy water supply in the Tigris River.展开更多
文摘Phthalic acid is a main pollutant, which is also an important reason for the continuous cropping effect of tobacco. In order to degrade the phthalic acid accumulated in the environment and relieve the obstacle effect of tobacco continuous cropping caused by the accumulation of phthalic acid in the soil. In this study, phthalate degrading bacteria B3 is screened from continuous cropping tobacco soil. The results of biochemical identification and 16sDNA comparison show that the homology between degrading bacterium B3 and Enterobacter sp. is 99%. At the same time, the growth of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. B3 and the degradation of phthalic acid under different environmental conditions are studied. The results show that the environment with a temperature of 30˚C, PH of 7, and inoculation amount of not less than 1.2%, which is the optimal growth conditions for Enterobacter sp. B3. In an environment with a concentration of phthalic acid not exceeding 500 mg/L, Enterobacter sp. B3 has a better effect on phthalic acid degradation, and the degradation rate can reach 77% in 7 d. The results of indoor potting experiments on tobacco show that the degradation rate of phthalic acid by Enterobacter B3 in the soil is about 45%, which can reduce the inhibitory effect of phthalic acid on the growth of tobacco seedlings. This study enriches the microbial resources for degrading phthalic acid and provides a theoretical basis for alleviating tobacco continuous cropping obstacles.
文摘Humic acid is rich in highly electronegative oxygen-containing organic functional groups,so it has high reactivity and can adsorb phthalic acid ester(PAEs)in the environment to reduce the risk of environmental pollution from PAEs.In this paper,the extraction,characterization and adsorption models of humic acid were reviewed,and the research status of adsorption of PAEs by humic acid was further summarized.Based on these,the feasibility and observable application prospect of humic acid as a cheap adsorbent were analyzed.
文摘Abiotic degradability of four phthalic acid esters （PAEs） in the aquatic phase was evaluated over a wide pH range 5-9. The PAE solutions in glass test tubes were placed either in the dark and under the natural sunlight irradiation for evaluating the degradation rate via hydrolysis or photolysis plus hydrolysis, respectively, at ambient temperature for 140 d from autumn to winter in Osaka, Japan. The efficiency of abiotic degradation of the PAEs with relatively short alkyl chains, such as butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP） and di-nbutyl phthalate （DBP）, at neutral pH was significantly lower than that in the acidic or alkaline condition. Photolysis was considered to contribute mainly to the total abiotic degradation at all pH. Neither hydrolysis nor photolysis of di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP） proceeded significantly at any pH, especially hydrolysis at neutral pH was negligible. On the other hand, the degradation rate of di- isononyl phthalate （DINP） catalyzed mainly by photolysis was much higher than those of the other PAEs, and was almost completely removed during the experimental period at pH 5 and 9. As a whole, according to the half-life （t1/2） obtained in the experiments, the abiotic degradability of the PAEs was in the sequence： DINP （32-140 d） 〉 DBP （50-360 d）, BBP （58-480 d） 〉 DEHP （390-1600 d） under sunlight irradiation （via photolysis plus hydrolysis）. Although the abiotic degradation rates for BBP, DBP, and DEHP are much lower than the biodegradation rates reported, the photolysis rate for DINP is comparable to its biodegradation rate in the acidic or alkaline condition.
文摘Biodegradability of di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP）, di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP）, and di-isononyl phthalate （DINP） under an anaerobic condition was evaluated using three natural sediment microcosms obtained from ponds in Osaka, which had not been significantly polluted by the chemicals. The degradabilities of the four phthalic acid esters（PAEs） were analyzed by a first-order kinetic model with a lag phase and ranked as DBP〉BBP〉〉DEHP〉DINP. The PAEs with shorter alkyl-chains, DBP and BBP, were degraded with quite short lag phases near to zero and short half-lives of a few days. The PAEs with longer alkyl-chains, DEHP and DINP, were degraded with lag phases of 5-30 d and the quite long half-lives of a couple of hundred days. Although no data was available on the anaerobic biodegradability of D1NP before this study, it was clarified that DINP can be degraded with slow degradation rates. The fact that all the three intact sediments were capable of biodegradation of the PAEs suggests that potential of anaerobic biodegradation of PAEs is widespread in the aquatic environment.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51678531,51878617).
文摘Transformations of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) have been investigated in anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A/A/O) leachate treatment processes. Although the DBP removal processes are different when the DBP initial concentration is different, the overall system DBP removal efficiencies are high(N 94%).DEHP is much more difficult to remove than DBP. The removal efficiency of DEHP is approximately 75%–78%.The results of mass balance calculations indicate that approximately 33.7%–50.7% of the DBP is degraded by the activated sludge, 48.9%–64.9% accumulates in the system, and 0.4%–1.4% is contained in the final effluent. Approximately 15.0%–19.0% of the DEHP is degraded by activated microcosms, 75.8%–79.0% accumulates in the system, and 5.2%–6.0% is contained in the final effluent. Biodegradation and adsorption to the activated sludge are the main mechanisms for DBP removal and adsorption to the activated sludge is the main mechanism for DEHP removal. The different removal mechanisms of the two PAEs may be related to their different molecular structures. However, PAEs are not really removed when they adsorb onto the sludge. Therefore, methods for decreasing PAEs adsorption and increasing the biodegradation efficiencies of the leachate treatment processes should be further investigated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20601007, 20773034)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (No.B2008000143)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Education Department, China(No. ZH2006002)the Doctoral Foundation of Hebei Normal University, China (No.103261)
文摘Five new coordination polymers Cu（phen）（H2O）（phth）·CH3OH（1）, [Cu（2,2′-bipy）（H2O）]（phth）·3.5H2O（2）, Zn（phen）（phth）（H2O）·1.125H2O（3） and [M（4,4′-bipy）（H2O）2]（phth）·2H2O[M=Zn（4）, Mn（5）]（H2phth=phthalic acid, bipy=bipyridine, phen=1,10-phenanthroline） have been synthesized from the amino acid derivatives（phthalyl-l- valine, H2L） and structurally characterized. H2L was hydrolyzed into phth2- group during the reaction, but the strucure feature was different from that of the complex directly synthesized from H2phth in the reported literature, revealing that H2L played an important role in composing the novel compounds. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 are all 1D chains, but the differences are that compound 1 is further hydrogen-bonded into 2D networks, and compound 2 is further extended into 3D supramolecular network through π-π stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions. However, compound 3 is a 1D helix chain structure and further links into 2D networks through π-π stacking. Compounds 4 and 5 are isostructural and exhibit the same 2D layers, which are further connected by hydrogen-bonding interactions to form 3D supramolecular network. Antiferromagnetic superexchange was observed for compounds 1, 2 and 5.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY12B07013,LY12C03009)Public Technology Research Project(Analysis and Measurement)of Zhejiang Province(2013C37098)Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(2009C33163)
文摘Based on quantitative structure-property relationship （QSPR） of organic compounds, the molecular connectivity indices of 21 phthalic acid ester compounds were extracted. Relationship between the physicochemical properties （n-octanol/air partition coefficient, vapor pressure, water solubility） and the molecular connectivity indices of phthalic acid ester compounds have been established by multiple linear regression （MLR） method. The results showed that the zero-order valence connectivity index （0Xu） is the topology parameter which affects octanol/water partition coefficient and water solubility, and the topology parameter which affects vapor pressure is the first-order connectivity index （1X）. This indicated to a certain extent_that the molecular connectivity indices can be well used to express the quantitative relationship between the physicochemical properties and structure descriptions of phthalic acid ester compounds. The models constructed have good robustness and highly predictive capability.
文摘A novel series of para-diiodobenzene derivatives, 3,6-diiodo-4,5-dialkyl-phthalic acid dimethyl esters, were prepared via cycloaddition of two TMS-substituted alkynes and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, which was mediated by zirconocene. After iodination, three new compounds of 3,6-diiodo-4,5-dimethyl（dipropyl, dibutyl）-phthalic acid dimethyl esters （3a, 3b, 3c） were synthesized in high region-selectivity and yields, and characterized by NMR. The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of 3a （C12H121204, Mr = 474.02） belongs to the triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 7.6238（10）, b = 9.4571（12）, c = 10.8221（14） A, a = 66.611（10）, fl = 88.511（12）, 7 ： 77.604（11）% V= 697.93（16） A3, Z= 2, F（000） = 444, Dc = 2.256 mg/m3, g = 4.509 mm-1, T=133（2） K, S = 1.014, R = 0.0229 and wR = 0.0547 for 2644 observed reflections with I 〉 20（/）; the crystal of 3b （C16H201204, Mr - 530.12） is of triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 9.4122（19）, b = 10.626（2）, c = 11.353（2） A, a = 97.90（3）, fl = 113.83（3）, y = 110.22（3）°, V= 922.6（3） A3, Z- 2, F（000） = 508, Dc - 1.908 mg/m3, g = 3.422 mm-1, T = 113（2） K, S = 1.115, R = 0.0428 and wR = 0.1072 for 3971 observed reflections with I〉 20（/）; the crystal of 3c （ClsH241204, Mr = 558.17） belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 26.396（2）, b = 8.7560（8）, c = 25.7970（18） A, fl = 91.721（4）o, V= 5959.6（8） A3, Z = 12, F（000） = 3240, Dc = 1.866 mg/m3,/z = 3.184 mm-l, T= 113（2） K, S = 1.154, R = 0.0424 and wR = 0.0766 for 13056 observed reflections with I 〉 20（/）.
基金Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Pingdingshan University for financial support
文摘A new nickel coordination polymer {[Ni（dpa）（bpe）（H2O）]2}n（1） has been hydro-thermally synthesized, and structurally characterized by UV spectroscopy, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction（H2dpa=3-（4-hydroxypyridinium-1-yl） phthalic acid, bpe=μ-1,2-di（4-pyridyl） ethylene）. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a=8.779（2）, b=10.909（3）, c=12.739（3）, α=72.45（2）, β=75.13（2）, γ=86.47（2）°, V=1124.1（5） 3, Z=2, Mr=516.14, Dc=1.525 g/cm3, μ=0.912 mm-1, Rint=0.0532, F（000）=532, the final R=0.0523 and wR=0.1089 for 3949 observed reflections（I〉2σ（I））. The coordination around the Ni center is a distorted octahedron coordination geometry involving two protonated H2dpa ligands, two bpe ligands, and one coordinated H2O molecule. The dpa2- anion, as a bridging ligand, connects two Ni centers to form binuclear units, which are linked together by the bpe ligands to form two-dimensional layers, and the interlayer hydrogen bonding further extends the 2D sheet into a 3D supramolecular framework.
文摘O-phthalic acid is a kind of important pollutant, which accumulates in the environment with the extensive use of plastics and other products. Meanwhile, phthalic acid is one of the high content of allelopathic autotoxic substances secreted by tobacco. The accumulation of phthalic acid in soil is an important cause of tobacco continuous cropping effect. In order to degrade phthalic acid accumulated in environment, the barrier effect of tobacco continuous cropping caused by phthalic acid accumulation in soil can be removed. A strain capable of degrading phthalic acid was isolated from sludge of sewage treatment plant and compared with 16 s DNA. The homology between this strain and Enterobacter sp. is 99%. The optimum growth conditions are as follows: pH7 at 30°C, 500 mg/L of o-phthalic acid, inoculation concentration ≥ 1.2% and its highest degradation rate of o-phthalic acid is 74%. The results of pot experiment showed that the degradation efficiency of o-phthalic acid in soil was about 40%, which alleviated the inhibitory effect of o-phthalic acid accumulation on tobacco growth.
文摘Monitoring water quality in an aquatic system is a crucial objective in pursuing sustainable development,despite the challenges posed by water scarcity and the impact of climate change.The objective of the present study was to examine the water quality of the Tigris River along its course from the point of entry into Baghdad city to its exit,particularly in the presence of Phthalic Acid Esters(PAEs).In both dry and wet seasons and from five sites of the river,nine environmental factors(Turbidity,Total dissolved solids,pH,dissolved oxygen,Chloride,nitrate,phosphate,sulfate,and Biological oxygen demand)and three PAEs(di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP),di-isononyl phthalate(DiNP),and di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate(DEHP))were investigated.Results revealed that the river has high levels of turbidity and Total dissolved solids,slightly alkaline,and well-aerated(dissolved oxygen>7 mg/L).Chloride,nitrate,phosphate,and sulfate values varied between seasons,as high values were recorded in the wet season.Biochemical oxygen demand levels were higher during the dry season.The highest value of total PAEs(2.20μg/L)was observed during the dry season,and the lowest value was in the wet season(1.16μg/L).The HQ results revealed that the river was ranked as a moderate risk area.However the water quality index and environmental risk index classified the water quality as a poor category,with a high-risk score in the study sites within Baghdad city.Therefore,despite the acceptable limit of PAEs in the river's water(<3μg/L),its presence is an early alarm to withdraw attention to its environmental risk.These findings highlight the need for appropriate measures to control and remove pollutants to ensure a safe and healthy water supply in the Tigris River.
