Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity,high recurrence,and drug resistance.Enhanced signaling through the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is intricately associated with epilepsy.Meta...Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity,high recurrence,and drug resistance.Enhanced signaling through the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is intricately associated with epilepsy.Metabotropic glutamate receptors(mGluRs)are G protein-coupled receptors activated by glutamate and are key regulators of neuronal and synaptic plasticity.Dysregulated mGluR signaling has been associated with various neurological disorders,and numerous studies have shown a close relationship between mGluRs expression/activity and the development of epilepsy.In this review,we first introduce the three groups of mGluRs and their associated signaling pathways.Then,we detail how these receptors influence epilepsy by describing the signaling cascades triggered by their activation and their neuroprotective or detrimental roles in epileptogenesis.In addition,strategies for pharmacological manipulation of these receptors during the treatment of epilepsy in experimental studies is also summarized.We hope that this review will provide a foundation for future studies on the development of mGluR-targeted antiepileptic drugs.展开更多
目的:了解糖尿病大鼠胃肠动力障碍时,回肠肌间神经丛有无形态学异常,以及第Ⅰ组代谢型谷氨酸受体mGluR1、mGluR5的表达变化,探讨谷氨酸能神经在糖尿病胃肠病变发生中的作用.方法:40只大鼠随机分为糖尿病组和对照组,给与高脂饮食结合腹...目的:了解糖尿病大鼠胃肠动力障碍时,回肠肌间神经丛有无形态学异常,以及第Ⅰ组代谢型谷氨酸受体mGluR1、mGluR5的表达变化,探讨谷氨酸能神经在糖尿病胃肠病变发生中的作用.方法:40只大鼠随机分为糖尿病组和对照组,给与高脂饮食结合腹腔注射STZ 30 mg/kg造糖尿病模型.运用肌间神经丛铺片观察谷氨酸能神经的分布及形态特征,并对其神经节和神经元进行定量研究,以及运用免疫荧光染色和RT-PCR方法观察大鼠回肠肠神经系统肌间神经丛的代谢型谷氨酸受体mGluR1、mGluR5的表达变化.结果:糖尿病大鼠肠神经系统肌间神经丛的谷氨酸能神经节和神经元的数目较对照组明显减少(mGluR1:4.5±3.1 vs 7.3±2.4;142.25±28.24vs 175.34±34.83,均P<0.05;mGluR5:4.3±2.1 vs 7.9±2.8,133.37±35.73 vs 168.34±32.66,均P<0.05),荧光强度较对照组减弱(mGluR1:145.23±28.78 vs 167.72±30.56,均P<0.05;mGluR5:141.54±18.46 vs 172.53±29.74,均P<0.05),mGluR1、mGluR5受体mRNA表达减少(1.05±0.27 vs 1.43±0.47,0.95±0.30vs 1.60±0.39,均P<0.01).结论:糖尿病大鼠回肠肠壁的肌间神经丛的神经节和神经元数目减少,以及兴奋性递质受体mGluR1、mGluR5的表达减少是导致胃肠道肌层兴奋性降低,肌层收缩减弱,引起糖尿病胃肠病变的一个重要机制.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2021JJ30389(to JG)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China,Nos.2022SK2042(to LL)and 2020SK2122(to ET)。
文摘Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity,high recurrence,and drug resistance.Enhanced signaling through the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is intricately associated with epilepsy.Metabotropic glutamate receptors(mGluRs)are G protein-coupled receptors activated by glutamate and are key regulators of neuronal and synaptic plasticity.Dysregulated mGluR signaling has been associated with various neurological disorders,and numerous studies have shown a close relationship between mGluRs expression/activity and the development of epilepsy.In this review,we first introduce the three groups of mGluRs and their associated signaling pathways.Then,we detail how these receptors influence epilepsy by describing the signaling cascades triggered by their activation and their neuroprotective or detrimental roles in epileptogenesis.In addition,strategies for pharmacological manipulation of these receptors during the treatment of epilepsy in experimental studies is also summarized.We hope that this review will provide a foundation for future studies on the development of mGluR-targeted antiepileptic drugs.
文摘目的:了解糖尿病大鼠胃肠动力障碍时,回肠肌间神经丛有无形态学异常,以及第Ⅰ组代谢型谷氨酸受体mGluR1、mGluR5的表达变化,探讨谷氨酸能神经在糖尿病胃肠病变发生中的作用.方法:40只大鼠随机分为糖尿病组和对照组,给与高脂饮食结合腹腔注射STZ 30 mg/kg造糖尿病模型.运用肌间神经丛铺片观察谷氨酸能神经的分布及形态特征,并对其神经节和神经元进行定量研究,以及运用免疫荧光染色和RT-PCR方法观察大鼠回肠肠神经系统肌间神经丛的代谢型谷氨酸受体mGluR1、mGluR5的表达变化.结果:糖尿病大鼠肠神经系统肌间神经丛的谷氨酸能神经节和神经元的数目较对照组明显减少(mGluR1:4.5±3.1 vs 7.3±2.4;142.25±28.24vs 175.34±34.83,均P<0.05;mGluR5:4.3±2.1 vs 7.9±2.8,133.37±35.73 vs 168.34±32.66,均P<0.05),荧光强度较对照组减弱(mGluR1:145.23±28.78 vs 167.72±30.56,均P<0.05;mGluR5:141.54±18.46 vs 172.53±29.74,均P<0.05),mGluR1、mGluR5受体mRNA表达减少(1.05±0.27 vs 1.43±0.47,0.95±0.30vs 1.60±0.39,均P<0.01).结论:糖尿病大鼠回肠肠壁的肌间神经丛的神经节和神经元数目减少,以及兴奋性递质受体mGluR1、mGluR5的表达减少是导致胃肠道肌层兴奋性降低,肌层收缩减弱,引起糖尿病胃肠病变的一个重要机制.
