The Efficiency of Multi-Range Hydro-Mechanical Stepless Transmission

Aim To determine efficiency of multi-range hydro-mechanical stepless transmis- sion(HMT).Methods Ageneral model of HMT was of HMT was structured.On the basis of power flow analysis, the efficiency was obtained,Results efficiency of multi-range HMT changes continuously with output speed in speed range and is higher than the highest point of the hydraulic efficiency,The volumetric efficiency can potentially result in the speed fluctuation, which can be reduced or eliminated through controlling the ratio of the displacements ofhydraulic unity properly or changing the point of range exchanging .And the mechanical- constant output torque or different output torque under the condition of constant pressure when the transmission works in different parts of a range,Conclusion The multi-range HMT is an ideal stepless transmission with high efficiency.

Using irrigation intervals to optimize water-use efficiency and maize yield in Xinjiang,northwest China

Worldwide, scarce water resources and substantial food demands require efficient water use and high yield.This study investigated whether irrigation frequency can be used to adjust soil moisture to increase grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of high-yield maize under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.A field experiment was conducted using three irrigation intervals in 2016: 6, 9, and 12 days(labeled D6, D9, and D12) and five irrigation intervals in 2017: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days(D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15).In Xinjiang, an optimal irrigation quota is 540 mm for high-yield maize.The D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15 irrigation intervals gave grain yields of 19.7, 19.1–21.0, 18.8–20.0, 18.2–19.2, and 17.2 Mg ha^-1 and a WUE of 2.48, 2.53–2.80, 2.47–2.63, 2.34–2.45, and 2.08 kg m-3, respectively.Treatment D6 led to the highest soil water storage, but evapotranspiration and soil-water evaporation were lower than other treatments.These results show that irrigation interval D6 can help maintain a favorable soil-moisture environment in the upper-60-cm soil layer, reduce soilwater evaporation and evapotranspiration, and produce the highest yield and WUE.In this arid region and in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions, a similar irrigation interval would thus be beneficial for adjusting soil moisture to increase maize yield and WUE under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.

Efficiency of Antioxidant Compounds from Macro Edible Algae

Antioxidant efficiency was studied in fresh edible algae： Cladophora, Microspara and Nostochopsis spp. from Nan River, Nan province. The samples were collected from Pua and Tha-Wang-Pha district, studied antioxidant activity and compared the antioxidant efficacy of the extracts from the three fresh edible algae with a standard solution, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole （BHA）. This study found that an extract ofNostochopsis spp. was the highest antioxidant activity to DPPH free radical between 32.1 and 87.5, the highest amount of beta-carotene was 4.71-7.09 mg/g and the highest amount of phenol in fresh edible algae extracts from Microspora was between 9.37 and 37.02 mg/g. The highest vitamin C in Microspora was between 110.41-138.53 mg/100 g.

新-旧沥青混融行为机制分析及融合程度量化表征

为促进新沥青与老化沥青(新-旧沥青)的有效融合,提升再生沥青混合料的路用性能,从新-旧沥青混融行为理论解析、老化沥青转移特性、混融程度表征等方面,系统地回顾与梳理了混融过程的理论模型、影响要素、测试手段及评价方法.新-旧沥青混融行为理论方面,归纳了Fick定律、对流传质理论、分子动力学理论的分析原理、模型构建及应用实效;老化沥青转移特性方面,凝练了老化沥青在不同拌合条件下的转移特性及变化规律,阐明了间接评价老化沥青转移程度的分析方法;新-旧沥青混融程度量化表征方面,探讨了利用微宏观性能测试指标揭示混融扩散影响区域和扩散途径的适用性,阐述了基于不同测试方法对融合程度的量化表达过程.实践表明:形成完整的新-旧沥青混融行为理论体系,揭示混融扩散全过程的演化机制,构建混融程度的多尺度表征方法,有助于强化对新-旧沥青混融行为的理解与表达,为有效提升再生沥青混合料路用性能提供理论支撑和实践依据.

A Simple and Highly Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of (<i>S</i>)-Rivastigmine

A highly efficient and convenient procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of (S)-Rivastigmine, a cholinergic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type and dementia due to Parkinson’s disease, is accomplished by the treatment of versatile, readily accessible (S)-(-)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide with 3-hydroxyacetophenone. This protocol provides high yield and excellent enantiomeric excess in short step synthesis.

Efficiency and Feasibility of an Integrated Algorithm for Distributed Hydrological M odel Calibration

Increasing complexity of distributed hydrological model （DHM） has lowered the efficiency of convergence.In this study,global sensitivity analysis （SA） was introduced by combining multiobjective （MO） optimization for DHM calibration.Latin Hypercube-once at a time （LH-OAT） was adopted in global parameter SA to obtain relative sensitivity of model parameter,which can be categorized into different sensitivity levels.Two comparative study cases were conducted to present the efficiency and feasibility by combining SA with MO（SA-MO）.WetSpa model with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ （NSGA-Ⅱ） algorithm and EasyDHM model with multi-objective sequential complex evolutionary metropolis-uncertainty analysis （MOSCEM-UA）algorithm were adopted to demonstrate the general feasibility of combining SA in optimization.Results showed that the LH-OAT was globally effective in selecting high sensitivity parameters.It proves that using parameter from high sensitivity groups results in higher convergence efficiency.Study case Ⅰ showed a better Pareto front distribution and convergence compared with model calibration without SA.Study case Ⅱ indicated a more efficient convergence of parameters in sequential evolution of MOSCEM-UA under the same iteration.It indicates that SA-MO is feasible and efficient for high dimensional DHM calibration.

宏观金融效率与微观金融效率一致吗?——来自广东省农信社的实证数据(1993-2004)

农村金融是中国金融体系的短板,中国农村金融发展的关键是效率问题。针对宏微观金融效率研究出现的分野,聚焦中国金融体系的短板,本文以广东省农信社为例,尝试回答"宏观金融效率是否与微观金融效率一致"的问题。本文首先通过回归分析与基于经济发展分区的Panel-Data模型分别检验广东省农信社作为一个整体与经济分区对广东农村经济可能存在的促进作用,实证结果表明:Panel-Data模型的分析结果更加显著,农信社发展对农村经济有更加显著的促进作用。文章接着将广东农信社的微观金融效率与四大国有银行的微观金融效率进行比较,发现广东省农信社的宏观金融效率与微观金融效率不匹配。

CO_2-triggered gelation for mobility control and channeling blocking during CO_2 flooding processes

CO2 flooding is regarded as an important method for enhanced oil recovery （EOR） and greenhouse gas control. However, the heterogeneity prevalently dis- tributed in reservoirs inhibits the performance of this technology. The sweep efficiency can be significantly reduced especially in the presence of ＂thief zones＂. Hence, gas channeling blocking and mobility control are important technical issues for the success of CO2 injection. Normally, crosslinked gels have the potential to block gas channels, but the gelation time control poses challenges to this method. In this study, a new method for selectively blocking CO2 channeling is proposed, which is based on a type of CO2-sensitive gel system （modified polyacry- lamide-methenamine-resorcinol gel system） to form gel in situ. A CO2-sensitive gel system is when gelation or solidification will be triggered by CO2 in the reservoir to block gas channels. The CO2-sensitivity of the gel system was demonstrated in parallel bottle tests of gel in N2 and CO2 atmospheres. Sand pack flow experiments were con- ducted to investigate the shutoff capacity of the gel system under different conditions. The injectivity of the gel system was studied via viscosity measurements. The results indi- cate that this gel system was sensitive to CO2 and had good performance of channeling blocking in porous media. Advantageous viscosity-temperature characteristics were achieved in this work. The effectiveness for EOR in heterogeneous formations based on this gel system was demonstrated using displacement tests conducted in double sand packs. The experimental results can provide guideli- nes for the deployment of theCO2-sensitive gel system for field applications.

TaNRT2.1-6B is a dual-affinity nitrate transporter contributing to nitrogen uptake in bread wheat under both nitrogen deficiency and sufficiency

Multiple nitrate transporter(NRT)genes exist in the genome of bread wheat,and it is of great importance to identify the elite NRT genes for N-efficient wheat cultivar breeding.A candidate gene association study(CGAS)of six N use efficiency(NUE)related traits(grain N concentration(GNC),straw N concentration(SNC),grain yield(GY),grain N accumulation(GNA),shoot total N accumulation(STN)and N harvest index(NHI))was performed based on SNPs in 46 NRT2 genes using a panel composed of 286 wheat cultivars.CGAS identified TaNRT2.1-6B as an elite NRT gene that is significantly associated with four(NHI,SNC,GNA and GY)of the six NUE-related traits simultaneously.TaNRT2.1-6B is located on the plasma membrane and acts as a dual-affinity NRT.The overexpression of TaNRT2.1-6B increased the N influx and root growth of wheat,whereas gene silence lines resulted in the opposite effects.The overexpression of TaNRT2.1-6B also improved GY and N accumulation of wheat under either limited or sufficient N conditions.The data provide the TaNRT2.1-6B gene and the two associated SNP markers as promising powerful tools for breeding wheat cultivars with high N uptake ability and NUE.

LOW TEMPERATURE ALUMINUM FLOATING ELECTROLYSIS IN HEAVY ELECTROLYTE Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-BaC1_2-NaCl BATH SYSTEM

Multiple regression equations of liquidus temperature, electrical conductivity and bath density of the Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-BaC1_2-NaCl system were obtained from experiments by using orthogonal regression method. The experiments were carried out in 100A cell with low melting point electrolyte, the influences of cathodic current density, electrolytic temperature, density differences of bath and liquid aluminum on current efficiency (CE) were studied; when the electrolyte cryolite ratio was 2.5, w(BaC1_2) and w(NaCl) were 48% and 10%, respectively, CE reached 90% and specific energy consumption was 10.97k Wb/kg/kg. Because of the fact that aluminum metal obtained floated on the surface of molten electrolyte, this electrolysis method was then defined as low temperature aluminum floating electrolysis. The results showed that the new low temperature aluminum electrolysis process in the Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-BaC1_2-NaCl bath system was practical and promising.

Highly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution on g-C_3N_4 decorated with vopc through π-π interaction

Photocatalytic H2 evolution reactions on pristine graphitic carbon nitrides(g-C3N4),as a promising approach for converting solar energy to fuel,are attractive for tackling global energy concerns but still suffer from low efficiencies.In this article,we report a tractable approach to modifying g-C3N4 with vanadyl phthalocyanine(VOPc/CN)for efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen production.A non-covalent VOPc/CN hybrid photocatalyst formed viaπ-πstacking interactions between the two components,as confirmed by analysis of UV-vis absorption spectra.The VOPc/CN hybrid photocatalyst shows excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance and good stability.Under optimal conditions,the corresponding H2 evolution rate is nearly 6 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4.The role of VOPc in promoting hydrogen evolution activity was to extend the visible light absorption range and prevent the recombination of photoexcited electron-hole pairs effectively.It is expected that this facile modification method could be a new inspiration for the rational design and exploration of g-C3N4-based hybrid systems with strong light absorption and high-efficiency carrier separation.

A meshfree-based local Galerkin method with condensation of degree of freedom for elastic dynamic analysis

Condensation technique of degree of freedom is first proposed to improve the computational efficiency of meshfree method with Galerkin weak form for elastic dy- namic analysis. In the present method, scattered nodes with- out connectivity are divided into several subsets by cells with arbitrary shape. Local discrete equation is established over each cell by using moving Kriging interpolation, in which the nodes that located in the cell are used for approxima- tion. Then local discrete equations can be simplified by con- densation of degree of freedom, which transfers equations of inner nodes to equations of boundary nodes based on cells. The global dynamic system equations are obtained by as- sembling all local discrete equations and are solved by using the standard implicit Newmark＇s time integration scheme. In the scheme of present method, the calculation of each cell is carried out by meshfree method, and local search is imple- mented in interpolation. Numerical examples show that the present method has high computational efficiency and good accuracy in solving elastic dynamic problems.

我国宏观投资效率及国际比较研究——基于1980-2010年的数据

本文从"资本—产出比率"这一视角,运用1980—2010年间的相关数据,考察了我国、印度和美国近三十多年来宏观投资效率的变动情况。从总体上看,我国宏观投资效率在20世纪80年代和90年代是相对较高,进入新世纪以来,投资效率出现下降趋势,并且蕴涵一定程度的金融风险,印度和美国也同样出现投资效率下降趋势;仅仅从数值上来看,三十多年来,中国和印度宏观投资效率并无绝对高下之分,并且中国的宏观投资效率也远远高于美国,但综合考虑投资率和经济增长率之后,印度和美国的宏观投资效率都略高于中国。因此,无论是印度经济发展模式还是美国经济发展模式,都有值得我国经济发展过程中学习和借鉴的地方。

>35%5-junction space solar cells based on the direct bonding technique

Multijunction solar cells are the highest efficiency photovoltaic devices yet demonstrated for both space and terrestrial applications.In recent years five-junction cells based on the direct semiconductor bonding technique(SBT),demonstrates space efficiencies>35%and presents application potentials.In this paper,the major challenges for fabricating SBT 5J cells and their appropriate strategies involving structure tunning,band engineering and material tailoring are stated,and 4-cm235.4%(AM0,one sun)5J SBT cells are presented.Further efforts on detailed optical managements are required to improve the current generating and matching in subcells,to achieve efficiencies 36%-37%,or above.

Treatment of Dyes Wastewater by a New Kind of Bio - Fluid Bed

A new kind of bio-fluid bed used to treat dyes wastewater is described in detail due to its several special features,such as high removal efficiency,simple struc-ture,shock load resistance,etc.By means of analyzing the experiment data,the results show that the dye wastewater’s organic matter is removed greatly after be-ing treated by this new kind of bio-fluid bed.On the other hand,the removal efficiency of chromaticity of

Nondifferentiable Multiobjective Programming under Generalized d_I-G-Type I Invexity

To relax convexity assumptions imposed on the functions in theorems on sufficient conditions and duality,new concepts of generalized dI-G-type Ⅰ invexity were introduced for nondifferentiable multiobjective programming problems.Based upon these generalized invexity,G-Fritz-John （G-F-J） and G-Karnsh-Kuhn-Tucker （G-K-K-T） types sufficient optimality conditions were established for a feasible solution to be an efficient solution.Moreover,weak and strict duality results were derived for a G-Mond-Weir type dual under various types of generalized dI-G-type Ⅰ invexity assumptions.

我国医学卫生健康事业投入的现状、问题与对策

本文围绕我国医学卫生健康事业的投入现状、存在问题及发展对策展开深入分析。通过系统阐述健康劳动力与健康产业在推动经济增长中的重要作用,指出发展医学卫生健康事业及健康产业不仅保障了民众的福祉,还是促进经济社会高质量发展的关键因素。本文对医学卫生健康事业投入的规模与结构进行横向与纵向比较,显示相比于国际水平,我国仍存在卫生总费用占GDP比重待提升、政府卫生投入待提高及筹资结构待优化等问题。据此,本文建议:转变对医学卫生健康事业投入的传统观念,强化社会对医学卫生健康事业投入重要性的认识,将医学卫生健康事业发展目标纳入有关考核;加大对医学卫生健康事业投入的规模,建立稳定、可持续、多元的政府卫生投入机制,整合多元、多形式的社会资源,拓宽卫生筹资渠道;提升医学卫生健康事业投入的效率,建立以人群健康指标为导向的投入、监督和评价机制,促进医学卫生健康事业治理现代化。文章呼吁高度重视医学卫生健康事业在经济发展中的重要作用,以实现健康与经济的协同发展。

Engineered AAV13 variants with enhanced transduction and confined spread

Precise targeting of specific regions within the central nervous system(CNS)is crucial for both scientific research and gene therapy in the context of brain diseases.Adeno-associated virus 13(AAV13)is known for its restricted diffusion range within the CNS,making it an ideal choice for precise labeling and administration within small brain regions.However,AAV13 mediates relatively low expression of target genes.Here,we introduced specifically engineered modifications to the AAV13 capsid protein to enhance its transduction efficiency.We first constructed AAV13-YF by mutating tyrosine to phenylalanine on the surface of the AAV13 capsid.We then inserted the 7m8 peptide,known to enhance cell transduction,into positions 587/588 and 585/586 of the AAV13 capsid,resulting in two distinct variants named AAV13-587-7m8 and AAV13-585-7m8,respectively.We found that AAV13-YF exhibited superior in vitro infectivity in HEK293T cells compared to AAV13,while AAV13-587-7m8 and AAV13-585-7m8 showed enhanced CNS infection capabilities in C57BL/6 mice,with AAV13-587-7m8 infection retaining a limited spread range.These modified AAV13 variants hold promising potential for applications in gene therapy and neuroscience research.

Excel宏在隧洞控制测量中的应用及测量控制措施

以云南省滇中引水工程昆明段施工1标隧洞洞内控制测量介绍支导线的测量方法、采用Excel宏编程计算支洞的应用,控制测量作为隧洞工程测量工作的核心内容,要求重点做好测量精度控制工作,从而为施工方案制定及施工过程控制等工作提供有效的数据支持。当前水工隧洞常见的控制测量以导线为主,导线平差软件也较多。通过新技术的合理应用,能够显著减少测量误差。在施工过程中不断完善优化外业测量方法及Excel宏程序。达到比较理想的效果从而提高工作效率。实践证明Excel宏编程解决控制平差应用在隧洞控制测量中能便捷高效、安全准确地解决控制测量。

宏观金融杠杆对企业资源配置效率的影响

高杠杆的潜在风险引起了政策制定者和相关领域学者的广泛关注。自2016年起,我国就把“去杠杆”和“稳增长”放在重要的位置,这也引发了对于宏观金融杠杆、去杠杆等相关问题的学术研究热潮。从实体企业的思考,宏观金融杠杆会如何对微观企业产生作用呢?宏观金融杠杆对实体企业的资源配置是单一的线性影响吗?还是存在一个由正转负的边界?基于上述背景,本文以2012-2021年我国非金融行业上市公司的季度财务数据为样本,通过理论分析和实证研究相结合的方式探究宏观金融杠杆和企业资源配置效率之间的关系,研究结果表明这两者之间存在倒U型关系,即宏观金融杠杆水平的升高会导致企业资源配置效率先升后降。此外,进一步分析表明,企业的融资约束能够改变宏观金融杠杆对企业资源配置效率的倒U型关系,具体表现为,在倒U形关系左侧,融资约束强化了宏观金融杠杆对企业资源配置效率的促进作用,同时在倒U形关系右侧,融资约束加强了宏观金融杠杆对企业资源配置效率的削弱作用。