Effect of dry-wet cycles on dynamic properties and microstructures of sandstone:Experiments and modelling

Underground pumped storage power plant(UPSP)is an innovative concept for space recycling of abandoned mines.Its realization requires better understanding of the dynamic performance and durability of reservoir rock.This paper conducted ultrasonic detection,split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)impact,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP),and backscatter electron observation(BSE)tests to investigate the dynamical behaviour and microstructure of sandstone with cyclical dry-wet damage.A coupling FEM-DEM model was constructed for reappearing mesoscopic structure damage.The results show that dry-wet cycles decrease the dynamic compressive strength(DCS)with a maximum reduction of 39.40%,the elastic limit strength is reduced from 41.75 to 25.62 MPa.The sieved fragments obtain the highest crack growth rate during the 23rd dry-wet cycle with a predictable life of 25 cycles for each rock particle.The pore fractal features of the macropores and micro-meso pores show great differences between the early and late cycles,which verifies the computational statistics analysis of particle deterioration.The numerical results show that the failure patterns are governed by the strain in pre-peak stage and the shear cracks are dominant.The dry-wet cycles reduce the energy transfer efficiency and lead to the discretization of force chain and crack fields.

Macro modeling and analysis of traffic flow with road width

The macro modeling and the solution of traffic flow with road width were investigated.Firstly,a new macro model with the consideration of road width was proposed.Secondly,the effects of road width on uniform flow and small perturbation were studied.The analytical and numerical results show that widening (shrinking) road can enhance (reduce) the equilibrium speed and flow,and the increments (decrements) will increase with the absolute value of road width gradient.In addition,the numerical results illustrate that the new model can describe the effects of road width on the evolutions of uniform flow and small perturbation.

Image processing algorithm acceleration using reconfigurable macro processor model

The concept and advantage of reconfigurable technology is introduced. A kind of processor architecture of re configurable macro processor (RMP) model based on FPGA array and DSP is put forward and has been implemented. Two image algorithms are developed: template-based automatic target recognition and zone labeling. One is estimating for motion direction in the infrared image background, another is line picking-up algorithm based on image zone labeling and phase grouping technique. It is a kind of 'hardware' function that can be called by the DSP in high-level algorithm. It is also a kind of hardware algorithm of the DSP. The results of experiments show the reconfigurable computing technology based on RMP is an ideal accelerating means to deal with the high-speed image processing tasks. High real time performance is obtained in our two applications on RMP.

MODEL B-I FOR MACRO RECTANGULAR ELEMENT AND PROBLEMS OF INFLUENCE SURFACE FOR PLATE STRUCTURES

Model B-I for marco rectangular element is presented for the first time in this paper. To establish the influence surf ace for resultant R of bending plates, a number of generalized distributive loads q are defined. It is shown by numerical examples that Model B-I and the formula for the generalized distributive loads advanced in this paper are featured by high accuracy, low memory space and flexibility in practical application, and that they are especially effective for plate structures subject to moving loads, such as the two-dimensional continuous plates of highway bridges and the flat stabs in piled jetty engineering.

A Fractional Micro-Macro Model for Crowds of Pedestrians Based on Fractional Mean Field Games

Modeling a crowd of pedestrians has been considered in this paper from different aspects. Based on fractional microscopic model that may be much more close to reality, a fractional macroscopic model has been proposed using conservation law of mass. Then in order to characterize the competitive and cooperative interactions among pedestrians, fractional mean field games are utilized in the modeling problem when the number of pedestrians goes to infinity and fractional dynamic model composed of fractional backward and fractional forward equations are constructed in macro scale. Fractional micromacro model for crowds of pedestrians are obtained in the end. Simulation results are also included to illustrate the proposed fractional microscopic model and fractional macroscopic model, respectively. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Dynamic Model and Macro Control of Real Estate

In this paper, according to economics of real estate and macro-control theory, combine with the characteristics of the real estate market, macro-control of the real estate market is studied. After giving the dynamic model of three-dimensional nonlinear differential equations based on the total number of houses on the real estate business, the government’s averages housing investment funds and the standard price, systematically established the stability conditions of equilibrium point for this model. What’s more, through the use of extreme value analysis model, government funds have been invested in real estate business building devotion principles and the construction base of the real estate businessmen has also been estimated successfully. This provides the corresponding theoretical basis for government macro control policy-making.

Macro Model Study for Nonlinear Spring of Tense Torsion Bar in Gap-Closing Type Electrostatic Micromirror

Nonlinear spring characteristics of the tense torsion bar in the gap-closing type electrostatic micromirror are examined. The macro model is introduced for the experimental study. The tension applied in the torsion bar is well controlled using the electromagnetic attraction. This controllability is suited for clearing the nonlinear nature. The tension is confirmed to have the effect to widen the controllable angle range of the mirror suppressing the pull-in. The pull-in angle is observed to increases to about 74% of the mechanical limit angle at the tension of 0,96 N. This is significantly larger than 44% of the case with the linear spring. The larger resonant frequency is maintained. The hardening of the spring can keep the balance with the electrostatic force over the limit of the linear spring. The observed features are explained reasonably with the combination of twisting and bending displacements of the torsion bar.

A statistical mechanics model of carbon nanotube macro-films

Carbon nanotube macro-films are two-dimensional films with micrometer thickness and centimeter by centimeter in-plane dimension.These carbon nanotube macroscopic assemblies have attracted significant attention from the material and mechanics communities recently because they can be easily handled and tailored to meet specific engineering needs.This paper reports the experimental methods on the preparation and characterization of single-walled carbon nanotube macro-films,and a statistical mechanics model on the deformation behavior of this material.This model provides a capability to optimize the synthesis process by comparing with the experiments.

泥岩卸荷损伤-水次序作用下的劣化规律研究

工程开挖建设导致软岩形成卸荷损伤,其在水-岩作用下的劣化特征与卸荷损伤程度密切相关。以巴东地区红层泥岩为研究对象,设计进行了泥岩卸荷损伤模拟试验,随后对卸荷损伤泥岩试样进行水-岩作用试验,结果显示:卸荷损伤导致泥岩局部矿物颗粒形态破坏、微裂缝发育,在后续水-岩作用下颗粒间胶结程度持续弱化,孔隙、裂缝进一步扩展。宏细观参数随水-岩作用时间的增长,其中质量m呈现先上升后骤然下降再趋于稳定的趋势,纵波波速P呈现先减少后上升的趋势,体积应变εv呈现逐渐增大的趋势,分形维数K呈逐渐增长的趋势;且各参数的增长速率均随卸荷损伤程度D的增大呈幂函数增加,当D≥0.49时,各参数的增长速率急剧增大;确定以质量、纵波波速、体积应变和分形维数作为与水反应系统的变量,并运用非线性动力学理论建立了水-岩作用下的泥岩劣化模型,并验证了模型的合理性。研究结果表明所建模型能表征卸荷损伤泥岩在水-岩作用下的宏细观特征参数变化趋势提供一定理论参考。

Investigation of Pile Construction and Productivity Loss: An Analysis of Macro Impact Factor

Pile foundations are challenging to build due to subsurface obstacles, contractor ignorance, and difficulties with site planning. Given the unpredictable environment of the construction site, productivity losses during pile work are to be thought possible. Prior to finishing a site pre-investigation, a foundation’s area is usually sampled for statistical reasons. There are studies on pile construction outside of Bangladesh that are supported by relevant empirical data in the literature. Since Bangladesh, which is regarded as a third-world country, is ignored in this regard, the literature currently available about pile building and the associated productivity loss is unable to provide adequate information or appropriate empirical data. Due to this pile-building sector in Bangladesh has been experiencing a decline in production for quite some time now. Before attempting to increase productivity in pile construction, it is essential to investigate the potential losses and the variables that might have an influence. This study aims to accomplish the following objectives: 1) identify the primary factors that have an impact on pile construction;2) develop an SVR model that accurately predicts productivity loss;and 3) figure out the projected loss by basing it on the historical scenario that is the most comparable to the current one. A Support Vector Regression (SVR) model was developed after a study of the relevant literature. This model enabled the collection of 110 pile building projects from five significant locations in Bangladesh. The model was constructed using a list of eight inputs in addition to a list of five macro elements (labor, management, environment, material, and equipment) (soil condition, pile type, pile material, project size, project location, pile depth, pile quantity, and equipment quantity). Using 10-way cross validation, the SVR achieves an accuracy of 87.2% in its predictions. On the basis of what has occurred in the past, we are able to estimate that there will be a loss of around 18.55 percent of the total output. A new perspective for engineers studying the delay factors with productivity loss is provided by the outcome of important tasks as it relates to loss in productivity and overall factors faced. In the building construction industry, effective management should place more emphasis on the correlation between productivity loss and the factors that cause it. Therefore, to represent the effect on productivity loss, real factors can be summed up as a decline in productivity loss. The findings of the study would urge specialists to concentrate on waste as a means of increasing overall production.

原油价格不确定性测度及其对宏观经济的非对称影响研究

有效测度原油价格不确定性并研究其对我国宏观经济的影响,具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文基于最小生成树模型,从全局视角衡量原油多元定价机制中195个影响因素的相对重要程度,并采用高维因子非预期条件波动率模型测度国际原油价格的不确定性。基于收敛交叉映射模型,本文对原油价格不确定性与宏观经济间的非线性因果关系进行识别,研究发现仅存在原油价格不确定性对固定资产投资、产出增速的单向因果关系。进一步地,在厘清原油价格不确定性对宏观经济影响机制的基础上,利用包含马尔可夫区制转移特征的向量自回归模型考察原油价格不确定性对我国宏观经济的影响,理论与实证结果均表明原油价格不确定性对我国宏观经济具有显著负向影响;在不同经济状态下,原油价格不确定性对投资、产出增速的影响具有非对称性。本研究为有效防范原油市场风险、保障能源安全和推动经济稳定增长提供了理论支持。

三维机织复合材料的连接性能与失效机制

为了研究织物结构对三维机织复合材料连接性能的影响,设计了多层多向机织结构和层联机织结构复合材料,建立了开孔连接结构宏细观耦合分析模型,揭示了三维机织复合材料连接失效机制。研究表明:±45°纱所占的比例对复合材料机械连接的挤压强度具有重要影响,±45°纱线的引入,可以提高承载纱线的含量,能够有效改善孔边的应力集中现象;多层多向机织复合材料主要发生0°纱、90°纱和斜向纱的横纵向的损伤,损伤最初发生在孔边并逐渐扩展且呈对称分布,载荷的传递方向和损伤的传播方向呈现角度的特征。

中国省级增长不确定性的层级分解及其对产出和通胀的影响分析

目前,中国经济增长复苏偏弱,并呈现出区域分化态势。从纵深维度对省级增长不确定性进行分解,并对其产出效应和通胀效应进行测度是实现宏观经济波动精准溯源的基本前提,亦是实现宏观经济分层治理的必要保障。为此,本文运用SV-TVP-DF模型将中国各省份增长不确定性分解为全国一致成分、区域协同成分以及省级个体成分,随后利用方差分解和PCH-VAR模型考察了各级不确定性对产出波动和物价波动的异质性影响,研究发现:第一,重大危机事件发生后,各级不确定性均迅速攀升,其中东部各省份不确定性变动较大,是增长不确定性的主要引领者;第二,全国增长不确定性和省级个体不确定性是产出和物价波动的核心驱动因素,其中产出波动主要受全国一致成分影响,物价波动则由省级不确定性撬动;第三,就防范和化解增长不确定性而言,现阶段应采取适度积极的财政政策配合合理宽松的信贷政策来引导经济复苏。这不仅可以有效提振经济活力,而且也能够把物价波动控制在适宜范围,同时还能增强经济复苏的确定性和稳定性。

基于SBFEM的剪切型裂纹动态开裂模拟

剪切型断裂是岩土工程中常见的破坏模式,了解剪切破坏机理并准确预测剪切型裂纹的萌生、扩展过程对保障工程结构的安全性与稳定性具有重要意义.文章建立了基于比例边界有限元法(scaled boundary finite element methods,SBFEM)和非局部宏-微观损伤模型的剪切型裂纹动态开裂模拟方法,定义了基于偏应变概念的物质点对的正伸长量,可作为预测剪切型裂纹扩展行为的动态开裂准则,一点的损伤定义为该点影响域范围内连接的物质键损伤的加权平均值,而物质键的损伤则与基于偏应变概念的物质点对的正伸长量相关联,并引入能量退化函数建立结构域几何拓扑损伤与能量损失之间的关系,将拓扑损伤与应力应变联系起来,通过能量退化函数修正了SBFEM的刚度系数矩阵,得到了子域在损伤状态下的刚度矩阵,推导了考虑结构损伤的SBFEM动力控制方程,采用Newmark隐式算法对控制方程进行时间离散.最后,通过3个典型算例验证了建议的模型可较好地模拟剪切型断裂问题,能够很好地捕捉剪切型裂纹的扩展路径,并得到较为准确的载荷-位移曲线.

超薄磨耗层抗滑性能的衰变规律及其影响因素

为了精确评价沥青超薄磨耗层开放交通后抗滑性能衰变过程、机理及影响因素,首先利用弧形模具及其配套的轮碾机来制备弧形超薄磨耗层试件;然后通过驱动轮式加速加载系统对4种级配类型和3个沥青胶结料等级的沥青超薄磨耗层试件进行加速加载试验;最后借助激光纹理扫描仪对一定轮载次数作用后的试件分别进行扫描。结合试验数据分别建立了基于S型函数的沥青超薄磨耗层宏观和微观构造深度衰变模型,以及基于灰色关联分析方法来分析各空隙率和沥青胶结料对抗滑性能的独立和耦合作用。试验研究结果显示:采用驱动轮式加速加载系统结合S型函数模型可以定量地评价和预测沥青超薄磨耗层性能的演变过程;空隙率影响超薄磨耗层宏观和微观构造深度的前期衰减速率,空隙率越大,则超薄磨耗层的宏观和微观构造深度的前期衰减速率越大;宏观构造深度的中后期衰减速率受沥青胶结料等级影响更大,沥青胶结料性能等级越高,则宏观构造深度的中后期衰减速率越慢;空隙率和沥青胶结料等级对超薄磨耗层微观构造深度中后期衰减速率的影响相当。因此,在进行超薄磨耗层抗滑性能设计时,选择大空隙率的开级配超薄磨耗层混合料级配对路面抗滑耐久性是有益的,而沥青胶结料的性能等级则可以根据交通量的大小合理选择。

两尺度视角下准脆性材料的损伤:从几何不连续度到自由能折减

多尺度损伤演化法则的构建是损伤力学从现象学走向理性坚实基础的核心之一.然而,迄今鲜有人注意到,存在两类损伤变量:几何意义上表征材料不连续程度的损伤与自由能折减(即材料受力性能退化)意义上的损伤.如何实现从几何意义上的损伤向能量耗散意义上的损伤转化,乃是固体破坏问题的枢机.本文从两尺度视角给出了损伤演化法则及几何意义上的损伤向能量耗散(即受力性能的退化)转化过程的定量刻画,进一步夯实了非局部宏-微观损伤模型的理性基础.在本文模型中,连续体被看作物质点的集合.宏观物质点与其作用域中的其他物质点组成一系列物质点偶,由此形成附加于其上的细观结构.在外部载荷作用下,物质点的位移引起物质点偶的变形.当物质点偶的某种几何变形量(如正伸长量)超过临界值时,微细观损伤开始发展.细观层次物质点偶的渐进破坏引起宏观固体不连续程度的变化,最终导致宏观连续体拓扑的改变.因此,将微细观损伤在作用域中的累积定义为该点的拓扑损伤,以刻画宏观固体的不连续程度,这在本质上是几何意义上的损伤.另一方面,损伤发展引起自由能耗散,导致连续体力学性能的退化.由于宏观能量耗散是作用域中细观物质点偶因损伤而导致的耗散能量之和,因此能量(受力)意义上的损伤为作用域中细观物质点偶上的总耗能与总弹性自由能之比.由此,在细观层次上实现了从几何意义上的损伤向能量耗散(受力退化)意义上的损伤的转化.在本文模型中,不需要经典连续介质损伤力学或断裂相场模型中经验假定的能量退化函数,物质点处的几何-能量转绎关系由该点的两尺度变形状态决定,而非固定形式,从而可能对复杂受力状态具有更好的适应性.计算结果表明,模型不仅可以捕捉到裂纹萌生、扩展全过程,而且可以定量反映加载过程中的载荷-位移曲线.与在宏观层次进行几何-能量转绎的宏-微观损伤模型相比,本文模型可以更准确地捕捉到试验结果的细节.

网络搜索数据与我国GDP的关联机理分析

网络搜索数据是研究我国宏观经济现象的重要微观信息依据。本文从需求、供给与政策三方面选取和筛选关键词合成网络搜索指数,并与我国GDP进行相关性研究。结果表明:网络搜索指数与GDP的相关性较高,且两者存在长期均衡关系与短期误差修正机制,当GDP逐渐偏离均衡,将会以1~2个月的调整速度从非均衡态过渡到均衡态;网络搜索指数的增长对我国GDP有促进作用。

仪式-语类模式下中国外交警告言语行为研究

警告言语行为是外交话语中常见的仪式化语用现象。本研究将外交警告言语行为视作目标明确且结构相对稳定的语类,融合仪式理论和语类结构潜势理论,探究仪式化语境配置影响下中国外交警告言语行为的仪式-语类语言形式、语用策略和结构潜势,进而考察外交发言人语言选择背后的道德秩序。研究发现,在语言形式层面,外交发言人通常采用指示视角类仪式框架指示表达及构式实施警告;在语用策略层面,直接性程度较低的非规约性间接警告出现频率最高;在结构潜势层面,外交警告言语行为的宏观话语模式为(ME)■FA,其中评价、将来行动为必要成分。三个层面的警告实现方式体现出坚持独立自主和坚持和平发展这两个主要道德秩序。本研究验证了仪式理论和语类理论融合框架对外交话语分析的可行性。对外交警告仪式-语类特征的考察有利于加深对政治外交仪式特征的理解,为其他机构性话语研究提供启示。

Development,modeling and application of piezoelectric fiber composites

Piezoelectric materials are capable of actuation and sensing and have been used in a wide variety of smart devices and structures.Active fiber composite and macro fiber composite are newly developed types of piezoelectric composites,and show superior properties to monolithic piezoelectric wafer due to their distinctive structures.Numerous work has focused on the performance prediction of the composites by evaluation of structural parameters and properties of the constituent materials with analytical and numerical methods.Various applications have been explored for the piezoelectric fiber composites,including vibration and noise control,health monitoring,morphing of structures and energy harvesting,in which the composites play key role and demonstrate the necessity for further development.

循环载荷作用下煤岩复合结构宏-细观破坏特征及能量-损伤本构模型

煤炭深部开采过程中,周期性开采扰动行为会使邻近煤层的煤岩复合结构承受循环载荷的作用,因此,研究不同循环载荷作用下煤岩复合试样的力学响应行为及宏-细观失效特征具有重要工程意义。选取3种不同的加(卸)载速率,开展了2种循环加卸载路径下的单轴循环压缩试验(同步测定声发射信号),分析了煤岩复合试样的损伤失效特征;基于能量耗散原理,构建了煤岩复合试样在循环载荷作用下的能量-损伤本构模型,最后结合试验实测数据进行验证。结果表明:加(卸)载速率与复合试样的峰值强度呈正相关,当加(卸)载速率从0.05 mm/min增大到0.15 mm/min时,恒定下限逐步循环加卸载路径(路径I)、变上下限等幅循环加卸载路径(路径II)下,试样的峰值应力分别增加了22.44%和28.89%;高加(卸)载速率下,试样的内部裂纹扩展越快,煤岩复合试样中煤组分的破碎程度加剧,分形维数随之增大,试样的内部裂纹扩展越快;随着加(卸)载速率的增大,煤组分中沿基质破坏增多。循环分级跨度大的路径(路径I)有助于试样内部的应力传递,为试样内部裂纹的发育提供了有利条件,导致对应试样的破坏程度更高。试验曲线和能量-损伤本构理论曲线具有较强的一致性,表明所建的能量-损伤本构模型能够很好地描述煤岩复合试样在循环加卸载过程中的变形行为。