NUDT5 promotes the growth,metastasis,and Warburg effect of IDH wild-type glioblastoma multiforme cells by upregulating TRIM47

Objective:To explore the regulatory mechanism of NUDT5 in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM).Methods:GEPIA database was used to predict the expressions of NUDT5 and tripartite motif family proteins 47(TRIM47)in GBM patients.RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses were performed to examine NUDT5 expression in GBM cells.LN-229 cell proliferation,migration as well as invasion were estimated by CCK-8,colony formation,wound healing,and Transwell assays following interference with NUDT5.ECAR assay,L-lactic acid kit,glucose detection kit,and ATP detection kit were applied for the detection of glycolysis-related indexes.Co-immunoprecipitation experiment was carried out to verify the relationship between NUDT5 and TRIM47.Results:GEPIA database showed that NUDT5 expression was significantly increased in GBM patients.Inhibiting the expression of NUDT5 in GBM cells significantly suppressed the viability,proliferation,invasion,migration,and glycolysis of GBM cells.Moreover,TRIM47 was highly expressed in GBM cells and interacted with NUDT5.Overexpression of TRIM47 partially reversed the inhibitory effect of NUDT5 downregulation on the proliferation,metastasis,and glycolysis of GBM cells.Conclusions:NUDT5 promotes the growth,metastasis,and Warburg effect of GBM cells by upregulating TRIM47.Both NUDT5 and TRIM47 can be used as targets for GMB treatment.

Research Progress on the Growth-Promoting Effect of Plant Biostimulants on Crops

A Plant Biostimulant is any substance or microorganism applied to plants to enhance nutrition efficiency,abioticstress tolerance,and/or crop quality traits,regardless of its nutrient content.The application of Plant biostimulants(PBs)in production can reduce the application of traditional pesticides and chemical fertilizers and improvethe quality and yield of crops,which is conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture.An in-depthunderstanding of the mechanism and effect of various PBs is very important for how to apply PBs reasonablyand effectively in the practice of crop production.This paper summarizes the main classification of PBs;Thegrowth promotion mechanism of PBs was analyzed from four aspects:improving soil physical and chemical properties,enhancing crop nutrient absorption capacity,photosynthesis capacity,and abiotic stress tolerance;At thesame time,the effects of PBs application on seed germination,seedling vigor,crop yield,and quality were summarized;Finally,how to continue to explore and study the use and mechanism of PBs in the future is analyzedand prospected,to better guide the application of PBs in crop production in the future.

Effects of Different Rootstocks on the Growth and Fruit Quality of‘Huangjinmi’Grape in Hefei

[Objectives]This study was conducted to enrich grape varieties.[Methods]The growth and fruit quality of grape with different rootstock and scion combinations were compared and analyzed taking CR2,CR3 and CR9 as rootstocks and‘Huangjinmi’as grafted seedlings and own-rooted seedlings as control.[Results]The comprehensive scores of‘Huangjinmi’grape with different rootstock and scion combinations showed an order of HJM/CR9,HJM/CR2 and HJM/CR3 from high to low.The three rootstock and scion combinations obviously promoted the growth and adaptability of grape trees,increased fruit size and improved fruit quality.Through the quality analysis of untreated and treated fruits,HJM/CR9 was superior to ZGM.Different fruit management measures can be adopted for‘Huangjinmi’grape to produce fruit with different quality according to market demand.[Conclusions]This study has a guiding significance for screening grape varieties suitable for adverse environments such as high soil viscosity,high temperature and high humidity.

Sex effect on growth performance and marker-aided sex discrimination of seedlings of Populus deltoides

Sex has a significant effect on various traits among dioecious plants.In this analysis of the sex effect on the radial growth and wood density of numerous 20-yearold trees of Populus deltoides growing in a common garden,male trees performed better than the females in radial growth,but sex did not significantly affect wood density.Growth rate and wood density were weakly negatively correlated.Sex selection is also critical for controlling seed-hair pollution from P.deltoides plantations.However,because the juvenile period of P.deltoides lasts for years,a reliable technique to determine the sex of juveniles has been needed.Here we developed a marker-aided technique to discriminate the sexes of P.deltoides seedlings.This study provides essential information on target traits and a highly desirable genetic toolkit for accelerate breeding programs for this important tree species.

Improving maize growth and development simulation by integrating temperature compensatory effect under plastic film mulching into the AquaCrop model

Temperature compensatory effect, which quantifies the increase in cumulative air temperature from soil temperature increase caused by mulching, provides an effective method for incorporating soil temperature into crop models. In this study, compensated temperature was integrated into the AquaCrop model to investigate the capability of the compensatory effect to improve assessment of the promotion of maize growth and development by plastic film mulching(PM). A three-year experiment was conducted from2014 to 2016 with two maize varieties(spring and summer) and two mulching conditions(PM and non-mulching(NM)), and the AquaCrop model was employed to reproduce crop growth and yield responses to changes in NM, PM, and compensated PM. A marked difference in soil temperature between NM and PM was observed before 50 days after sowing(DAS) during three growing seasons. During sowing–emergence and emergence–tasseling, the increase in air temperature was proportional to the compensatory coefficient, with spring maize showing a higher compensatory temperature than summer maize. Simulation results for canopy cover(CC) were generally in good agreement with the measurements, whereas predictions of aboveground biomass and grain yield under PM indicated large underestimates from 60 DAS to the end of maturity. Simulations of spring maize biomass and yield showed general increase based on temperature compensation, accompanied by improvement in modeling accuracy, with RMSEs decreasing from 2.5 to 1.6 t ha^(-1)and from 4.1 t to 3.4 t ha^(-1). Improvement in biomass and yield simulation was less pronounced for summer than for spring maize, implying that crops grown during low-temperature periods would benefit more from the compensatory effect. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the temperature compensatory effect to improve the performance of the AquaCrop model in simulating maize growth under PM practices.

Can environmental sustainability be decoupled from economic growth? Empirical evidence from Eastern Europe using the common correlated effect mean group test

The European Union(EU) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) aim to develop long-term policies for their respective member countries. Having observed increasing dangers to the environment posed by rising economic growth, they are seeking pathways to enable policy action on economic growth and environmental sustainability. Given the facts in theoretical and empirical studies, this study assessed the validity of the decoupling hypothesis by investigating asymmetricity in the relationship between environmental sustainability and economic growth in nine Eastern European countries from 1998 to 2017 using the cross-section augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF) unit root, panel corrected standard error(PCSE), common correlated effect mean group(CCEMG), and Dumitrescu Hurlin causality approaches. Both population growth and drinking water are used as controlled variables. The outcomes establish strong cointegration among all the variables of interest. According to the results of CCEMG test, economic growth exerts short-term environmental degradation but has long-term environmental benefits in Eastern Europe;and population growth and drinking water exert a positive effect on environmental sustainability in both the short-and long-run. The results of Dumitrescu Hurlin causality test indicate that environmental sustainability is unidirectionally affected by economic growth. Based on these outcomes, we suggest the following policies:(1) the EU and OECD should implement member-targeted policies on economic growth and fossil-fuel use towards regulating industrial pollution, water use, and population control;and(2) the EU and OECD member countries should invest in environmental technologies through green research and development(R&D) to transform their dirty industrial processes and ensure productive energy use.

China’s Foreign Aid,Recipient Countries’Economic Growth,and the Mediating Effect of Aid in Infrastructure

Based on the panel data of China’s foreign aid in 2003-2014 from AidData,this paper empirically investigates the relationship between China’s foreign aid and economic growth in recipient countries.Using the principal component analysis(PCA),the authors propose a variable,i.e.the infrastructure index,to measure the effects of aid on the economic growth of recipient countries.This study shows that aid from China has significantly improved the level of economic growth in recipient countries,which provides a new evidence of China’s aid effectiveness.Through analysis of the ways by which aid in infrastructure induces economic growth,the authors conclude that the improvement of local infrastructure accounts for 55.30%of the aggregate economic growth effect of China’s aid to recipient countries.

Stimulatory Effect of Tithonya diversifolia-by Products on Plantain Banana Vivoplants in Nursery (A Review)

Plantain banana is an important cash crop that serves as stable food for millions of people around the world and contributes to income generation. Indeed, they provide a major staple food crop for millions of people and play an important role in the social fabric of many rural communities. Plantain banana cultivation encounters major problem of seedlings unavailability that are essential for the creation of new plantations, as well as parasitic constraints. Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the main pathogen attack constraints of banana plant responsible of black Sigatoka disease, and viruses, which can severely reduce the photosynthetic leaf area, leading to banana production losses of more than 80% in plantations with soil fertility problems. The repeated use of synthetic input is the origin of contamination to the environment, different pollution sources of plants and human health, as well as resistance to some strains of pathogens and plant fertilization problems over time. Recent works carried out in nursery have shown that vivoplants of plantains treated with biostimulants based on natural products notably Tithonia diversifolia biopromote good growth and less susceptibility to M. fijiensis. Indeed, an increase in agromorphological characteristics, good accumulation of growth and defense biomarkers was also observed. In this context, Tithonia diversifolia is shown to be involved in the stimulatory effect mechanism of growth promotion and defensive reaction of plantain vivoplants against various pathogens and it is suggested to be acting as a vital stimulator. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on plantain banana cultivation constraints and on the potential of Tithonia diversifolia in relation with its different stimulatory effects on plantain vivoplants.

Kinetics of hydrogen constrained graphene growth on Cu substrate

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has shown great promise for the large-scale production of high-quality graphene films for industrial applications. Atomic-scale theoretical studies can help experiments to deeply understand the graphene growth mechanism, and serve as theoretical guides for further experimental designs. Here, by using density functional theory calculations, ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations, and microkinetic analysis, we systematically investigated the kinetics of hydrogen constrained graphene growth on Cu substrate. The results reveal that the actual hydrogen-rich environment of CVD results in CH as the dominating carbon species and graphene H-terminated edges. CH participated island sp2 nucleation avoids chain cyclization process, thereby improving the nucleation and preventing the formation of non-hexameric ring defects. The graphene growth is not simply C-atomic activity, rather, involves three main processes: CH species attachment at the growth edge, leading to a localized sp3 hybridized carbon at the connecting site;excess H transfer from the sp3 carbon to the newly attached CH;and finally dehydrogenation to achieve the sp2 reconstruction of the newly grown edge. The threshold reaction barriers for the growth of graphene zigzag (ZZ) and armchair (AC) edges were calculated as 2.46 and 2.16 eV, respectively, thus the AC edge grows faster than the ZZ one. Our theory successfully explained why the circumference of a graphene island grown on Cu substrates is generally dominated by ZZ edges, which is a commonly observed phenomenon in experiments. In addition, the growth rate of graphene on Cu substrates is calculated and matches well with existing experimental observations.

Transformation power or development pressure:economic growth targets and urban carbon productivity

Maintaining moderate economic growth targets(EGTs)is the key for local governments to effectively implement the“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goals under the refreshed development pattern.Utilizing panel data of 276 prefecture-level cities in China's Mainland from 2010 to 2020,and employing methods such as intermediary and threshold models,this study empirically analyzes the internal mechanism of EGT’s impact on urban carbon productivity(UCP).Our findings demonstrate that:①The overall EGT during the analyzed period is not conducive to improving UCP.This conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests.This effect is more pronounced in the central region and resource-based cities than in the east-west region and non resource-based cities.②EGT not only directly suppresses UCP but also exerts indirect negative impacts on UCP from three aspects:delaying the digital economy(DE),constraining financial expansion(FE),and hindering green technology innovation(GTI).This negative indirect effect is similar to or even surpasses the direct effect,suggesting that the internal relationship between EGT and“dual-carbon”goals should be re-evaluated from a new compound perspective.③EGT not only has a simple linear impact on UCP but also significantly exhibits a dynamic evolution pattern in inverted“U”shape.That is,as EGT continuously upgrades,a nonlinear impact on UCP emerges in the form of“promoting first,suppressing later”.This indicates that surpassing the“degree”limit for EGT will be detrimental to the improvement of UCP.This study broadens the scope of carbon productivity analysis by introducing a new perspective centered on EGT.The insights gleaned from this research offer valuable guidance for local governments to effectively manage economic growth expectations and promote the synchronized achievement of dual-carbon objectives.

Evaluation on Killing Effects of Sensitive Plant Growth Inhibitors on Eupatorium adenophorum

[Objective] Considering invasion of Eupatorium adenophorum, a growth in-hibitor of the plant was developed based on plant sensitivity, to make evaluation on control effects and to determine the optimal concentration. [Method] According to field test method, the effects of treatments with growth inhibitor at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%and 2% on Eupatorium adenophorum were explored and the growth of other weeds was observed to research selectivity of plant inhibitor on the plant. [Result] The growth inhibitor had significant effects on ground parts of Eupatorium adenophorum. Specifical y, after 2 h, Eupatorium adenophorum was damaged seriously and the damage degree went worse upon inhibitor concentration. After 5 d, the control effect of the inhibitorreached 41.5% with concentration at 1.5%, reached 90.2% with the concentration at 1%, and 100% with the concentration at 1.5% and 2%. After 15 d, the control effect achieved 64.6%, 91.7%, 98.9% and 100% with concentrations at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. Stil , the effects of growth inhibitors on root system were limited. For example, new branches would grow from base part if the inhibitor con-centration is too low. On the other hand, the growth inhibitor is of sensitivity and selectivity, which would not hurt other plants. [Conclusion] It is feasible to rapidly control growth and development and even kil Eupatorium adenophorum based on plant sensitivity and it is proved that the growth inhibitor at 1.5% would considerably restrict and kil Eupatorium adenophorum. Therefore, the concentration of growth in-hibitors should be over 1.5%.

Effects of Fertilization on Young Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua Hongye Growth

Using complete and orthogonal design, fertilization trials were conducted for the young growth of Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye in the fluviogenic soil in Xindu District, Chengdu City. The results showed that the application ef- fect of the single nutrient elements ranked as K〉N〉P, and that of the fertilization combinations ranked as N＋P＋K〉N＋K〉N＋P, P＋K. The optimum fertilization formula was urea [（NH2）2CO, 150 g/plant] ＋ calcium superphosphate [Ca（H2PO4）2.H20, 220 g/plant] ＋ potassium sulphate （K2SO4, 75 g/plant）.

Spatial spillover effects of transport infrastructure on regional economic growth

Spatial spillover effects,either positive or negative,of transport infrastructure,highways/expressways,etc.,on regional economic growth are proposed.Using the panel data for 11 cities of Zhejiang province from 1994 to 2003,a spatial production function is applied to examine the spatial spillovers which can be generated as a positive output spillover from the transport infrastructure between neighboring cities.Some spatial weighted matrices are adopted to define different neighboring cities to measure how easily factors or economic activities can migrate between regions.The estimation results show that the output elasticity of the highway infrastructure in 11 cities are all insignificant at a 5% significance level;hence,highway infrastructure in a region cannot explain the same region's economic growth.On the other hand,the highway infrastructure of other contiguous regions has positive spillover effects on a same region's economic growth.

Effects of effective population size on the F_2 growth and survival of bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians (Lamarck)

In 2002, six cohorts ofbroodstock bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians （Ne=1, 2, 10, 30, 50 and control） were randomly chosen from a population of bay scallop to produce offspring. After one year rearing, with the progeny matured, the similar experiment was done to produce the F2 generation. To determine the magnitude of Ne effects, the growth and survival rates in larvae and adult of six F2 groups were compared. Results showed that inbreeding depression existed not only in the Ne=1 group but also in the Ne=2 group. The growth and survival rates of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the other groups （Ne=10, 30, 50, control）, and there were no significant differences among the latter （P〉0.05）. At the same time, the amount of depression in the Ne=1 group was significantly higher than that of the Ne=2 group （P〈0.05）. These results indicated that the low effective population size （Ne）, which increases the possibility of inbreeding, could lead to some harmful effects on the offspring. So it is essential to maintain a high level of Ne in commercial seed production. Fta＇thermore, as the high fecundity of bay scallop might lead to increased inbreeding, selecting broodstock from different growout sites is recommended.

Effects of Four Pesticides on Grain Growth Parameters of Rice

Effect of four commonly used pesticides, triadlmefon, jingganmycin, triazoplos andimidacloprid, on grain growth parameters was examined using a growth equation in thepresent paper. Two hundreds of spikes, not damaged by pests were simultaneously markedper plot during the heading stage of rice. Rice plants were sprayed at 1 d after marking.Thereafter, 20 spikes were sampled at 4 d intervals and dried in an oven. Then, 10superior and inferior grains were picked from each spike, and brown rice was weighedafter shelling, respectively. First, second and third order derivates were deduced fromthe following grain growth formula:bt-aKwe1+=, where W was the weight of 100 grains brownrice at time t; K was maximum of grain growth; a and b were parameters of the formula. Theparameters were calculated as following:Where R0, △t, GT and Vmax were initial growth power, active growth stage, accumulativeweight of dried content during △t and maximum growth rate, respectively. The resultshowed that GT and K of superior grain following 22.5 and 45 ga.i.ha-1 of imidaclopridsprays were significantly reduced, and △t was significantly decreased for 112.5 and 225ga.i.ha-1 jingganmycin treatments. In addition, the high dose of imidacloprid signifi-cantly reduced the weight of 1000 rice grains by 9.77%. However, there was no significantdifference for the weight of 1000 grains between the high dose of jingganmycin and thecontrol, indicating that effective duration of jingganmycin on grain filling was shorterthan that of imidacloprid.

Effects of lead，cadmium，mercury chlorides and aquatic environmental samples on the growth of Escherichia coli

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Chemopreventive and Growth Inhibitory Effects of Selenium

There is very convincing evidence that a high dietary level of selenium substantially reduces the incidence of a wide variety of animal cancers. The human epidemiological evidence is less clear cut, but overall suggests that selenium may be protective: the evidence is strongest in men in relation to gastro-intestinal cancers. There is evidence that dietary selenium compounds reduce the formation of DNA adducts by carcinogens. Selenium compounds also inhibit growth in vitro and induce apoptosis. In general, there is a good correlation between the effectiveness of selenium compounds in chemoprevention and growth inhibition, implying that the mechanisms of growth inhibition and chemoprevention may be similar and that a major factor in the chemopreventive effects of selenium compounds in vivo is their ability to retard outgrowth of pre-malignant cells. Various hypotheses have been advanced as to how selenium compounds might prevent tumour cellgrowth. One is that they cause apoptosis by inducing oxidative stress. However, we have shown that the most potent selenium compound, selenodiglutathione (SDG), a natural metabolite of selenite, does not induce oxidative stress, at least not in the sarne way as other oxidants such as H2O2 and diamide. Firstly, a partially selenium-resistant variant cell line does not show increased resistance to H2O2. Moreover, SDG does not induce widespread tyrosine phosphorylation, including MAP and SAN kinases, like other oxidants such as H2O2 and diamide and its effects are not reversed by pretreatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin. Our experiments with the selenium-resistant variant suggest that a novel selenium-binding protein may be involved in growth inhibition by selenium

Growth Inhibitory Effects of Garlic Polysaccharide on Human HepG2 Cells

[Objective] The growth inhibitory effects of garlic polysaccharide(GPS) on human Hep G2 cells were evaluated in this paper. [Method] Hep G2 cells were treated with GPS for 48 h for morphology assay by transition electron microscope. Anti-proliferative effects with the same treatment for 24 hand 48 h were assayed by MTT method.Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis assay of treated cells were performed in flow cytometry. [Result] The results showed that GPS enhanced growth inhibitory effect on Hep G2 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. PI(Propidium iodide)/Annexin V staining analyzed by FCM(flow cytometry) demonstrated that GPS has a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. Cell cycle arrest of Hep G2 treated with GPS occurred in G2 phase. [Conclusion] This study suggests that GPS could exert an antitumor effect and could be used as a therapeutic agent for live cancer.

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Quantity Growth of Crops

The effects of rare earth on the growth of rice, rape and soybean in three kinds of soils were studied with the method supposed by Economic Co-operation and Development organization (OECD), and the EC50(median growth concentration)values were obtained. The inhibition of RE on the growth of rice and rape in red soil and on the growth of soybean in yellow fluvo-aquic soil is higher with stronger poison effects. Compared with other heavy metals such as Hg, Cd, Pb, As, the poison of RE on crops is weaker.

SURFACE EFFECT ON NANOSIZED VOID GROWTH IN A RIGID-PERFECTLY PLASTIC MATERIAL

The influence of the surface effect on the nanosized spherical void growth in a rigidperfectly plastic material is analyzed and the mechanism of the nanosized void growth with high triaxiality is given. Based on the Rice and Tracey model for a macro void growth, the present model is proposed to account for the nanosized void growth under a uniform remote strain rate field with consideration on the surface effect. It is concluded that the surface effect yields an evident resistant influence on the nanosized void growth. That is, this influence decays as the void radius increases. With high triaxiality, the nanosized void growth is divided into two stages： the initial stage and the mature stage. At the first stage, the void grows slowly and the influence of surface effect is relatively weak, whereas at the second stage, the influence is significant and the void grows drastically.