Dynamic Magma Conduit System Related to the Jinchuan Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposit,NW China

The Jinchuan Ni-Cu sulfide deposits,NW China,are hosted in small ultramafic intrusions that were emplaced into Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks. The ultramafic intrusions were previously thought to be the segments of a single elongate intrusion that was dismembered by late faults into eastern and western portions,each of which have distinct stratigraphic sequences.

Magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits in magma plumbing systems:Features,formation and exploration

The three most crucial factors for the formation of large and super-large magmatic sulfide deposits are： （1） a large volume of mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic magmas that participated in the formation of the deposits; （2） fractional crystallization and crustal contamination, particularly the input of sulfur from crustal rocks, resulting in sulfide immiscibility and segregation; and （3） the timing of sulfide concentration in the intrusion. The super-large magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits around the world have been found in small mafic-ultramafic intrusions, except for the Sudbury deposit. Studies in the past decade indicated that the intrusions hosting large and super-large magmatic sulfide deposits occur in magma conduits, such as those in China, including Jinchuan （Gansu）, Yangliuping （Sichuan）, Kalatongke （Xinjiang）, and Hongqiling （Jilin）. Magma conduits as open magma systems provide a perfect environment for extensive concentration of immiscible sulfide melts, which have been found to occur along deep regional faults. The origin of many mantle-derived magmas is closely associated with mantle plumes, intracontinental rifts, or post-collisional extension. Although it has been confirmed that sulfide immiscibility results from crustal contamination, grades of sulfide ores are also related to the nature of the parental magmas, the ratio between silicate magma and immiscible sulfide melt, the reaction between the sulfide melts and newly injected silicate magmas, and fractionation of the sulfide melt. The field relationships of the ore-bearing intrusion and the sulfide ore body are controlled by the geological features of the wall rocks. In this paper, we attempt to demonstrate the general characteristics, formation mechanism,tectonic settings, and indicators of magmatic sulfide deposits occurring in magmatic conduits which would provide guidelines for further exploration.

岩浆通道系统与岩浆硫化物成矿研究新进展

大型-超大型岩浆硫化物矿床的形成需要满足3个基本条件:(1)大量幔源岩浆参与成矿;(2)岩浆演化导致硫化物熔离;(3)硫化物在有限空间聚集。然而,除Sudbury矿床外,全球与镁铁质岩浆有关的超大型铜镍硫化物矿床都发现于小的镁铁-超镁铁岩体中。近10年来的研究表明这些含矿岩体实际上都是岩浆通道系统的一部分,中国金川、杨柳坪、喀拉通克、红旗岭等大型和超大型Ni-Cu-(PGE)硫化物矿床都形成于岩浆通道系统中,正是岩浆通道这样特殊的开放系统为大规模岩浆硫化物矿床提供了成矿条件。总结国内外最新研究结果,可以发现与成矿有关的岩浆通道系统都分布在深大断裂附近,大规模的幔源岩浆补充与地幔柱、大陆裂谷、碰撞造山后伸展等地质事件有密切的关系。尽管研究证明硫化物熔离都与地壳物质的混染有关,但矿石各种元素的品位却受母岩浆性质、硫化物熔离强度、与新注入镁铁质岩浆反应、以及硫化物本身结晶分异等多重因素的影响;含矿岩体和硫化物矿体的形态和大小都强烈地受围岩地质特征的控制。进一步明确这类矿床的地质特征、形成机制、成矿背景和成矿标志,对未来的研究和找矿工作都是非常必要的。

甘肃金川铜镍(铂)硫化物矿床岩浆通道前进方向探讨

综合运用地球化学手段,研究了金川铜镍(铂)硫化物矿床铂族元素的空间分布特征,并结合定量化结构分析,探讨了岩浆演化过程中的动力学作用过程,讨论了金川镁铁-超镁铁质岩浆的演化历程。研究发现,铂族元素在矿体中的空间分布呈一定规律变化。整体说来,自西向东,Pd/Ir-Ni/Cu在各矿体间呈递减趋势,分析认为造成这种规律的原因是矿石的形成经历了单硫化物固溶体(MSS)的分离结晶作用。通过岩石定量化结构分析发现,1号矿体较24号矿体岩石结构成熟度更高,分析认为1号矿体侵位时间早,后期结构调整更为充分。综合地球化学和岩浆动力学方面的信息,最终得出了金川岩浆通道系统在空间上表现为沿矿体走向自北西向南东前进的结论。

金川铜镍硫化物矿床岩浆通道系统的成矿模式

金川矿床是目前世界第三大在采铜镍硫化物矿床,其成岩成矿过程及侵位机制一直存在争议。近年来,岩浆通道系统成矿被越来越多的人所接受,正是由于岩浆通道系统这样特殊的开放系统为"小岩体成大矿"提供了成矿条件。通过对岩体的形态,以及岩体与围岩接触处的宏观和地球化学特征的研究,指出在岩体侵入前存在一组由F1、F2等拆离断层所组成的正断层系统,为金川岩体的控矿构造,且是与上一级岩浆房贯通的岩浆通道。而对不同矿体Cu、Ni及铂族元素变化趋势的总结和Ⅰ6行富铜隐伏矿体、Ⅱ2号矿体33-41行特富矿的研究,发现Ⅰ24号、Ⅱ1号与Ⅱ2号矿体的矿浆分别由两个不同的岩浆通道形成,指出了岩浆通道的可能产出位置,探讨金川铜镍硫化物矿床的岩浆通道系统成矿模型。