Isotropic-Nematic Transition of Hard Ellipsoid Fluids

We numerically study the thermodynamic properties of a hard ellipsoid fluid by mainly focusing on its phase transition from an isotropic phase into a nematic phase （i.e. isotropie-nematic phase transition）. To improve the accuracy, precision, and efficiency of our computations, we attempt to employ the Wang-Landau NPT Monte Carlo algorithm in our simulations to calculate the function p（V） that gives the probability of arriving at the threshold density of the isotropic-nematic transition. Our results directly reveal that the nematic fluid phase, which is characterized by an ordered direction rather than an ordered configuration, appears and coexists with the isotropic phase when the aspect ratio a of the ellipsoid is located in a relatively narrow range of α = 2.0-2.25, and it becomes dominant and is fully established when α≥αcut = 2.25. We find that our estimated αcut is significantly lower than previously reported values of around 2.75. This prediction is further confirmed by the calculations of both the fluid reduced density and pressure of coexistence which show that the pressure grows up as the density increases and the probability function p（V） exhibits double peaks when the pressure enters the coexistence region. Based on these consistent results we are able to conclude that when α≥2.25 an ellipsoid fluid can fully display the nematic behavior. This study will place a useful and tight theoretical constraint on investigations of the isotropic-nematic phase transition in the future.

Relationship between the transition frequency of local fluid flow and the peak frequency of attenuation

Local fluid flow（LFF） at the mesoscopic scale is the main dissipation mechanism of seismic waves in heterogeneous porous media within the seismic frequency band.LFF is easily influenced by the structure and boundary conditions of the porous media,which leads to different behaviors of the peak frequency of attenuation.The associated transition frequency can provide detailed information about the trend of LFF;therefore,research on the transition frequency of LFF and its relationship with the peak frequency of the corresponding attenuation（i.e.,inverse of quality factor） facilitates the detailed understanding of the effect of inner structures and boundary conditions in porous media.In this study,we firstly obtain the transition frequency of fluid flux based on Biot＇s theory of poroelasticity and the fast Fourier transform algorithm in a sample containing one repeating unit cell（RUC）.We then analyze changes of these two frequencies in porous media with different porous properties.Finally,we extend our analysis to the influence of the undrained boundary condition on the transition frequency and peak frequency in porous media with multiple RUCs.This setup can facilitate the understanding of the effect from the undrained boundary condition.Results demonstrate that these two frequencies have the same trend at low water saturation,but amplitude variations differ between the frequencies as the amount of saturation increases.However,for cases of high water saturation,both the trend and the amplitude variation of these two frequencies fit well with each other.

Simultaneous Removal of Surfactant Template from MCM-41 and Implantation of Transition Metal Complexes into Mesopores with Supercritical Fluid

The simultaneous removal of up to 92% of the surfactant template and chemical implantation of transition metal complexes into mesopores has been successfully achieved by treating as-synthesized pure siliceous MCM-41 with supercritical CO2 modified with CH2Cl2/MeOH mixture, resulting in the formation of functionalized material with uniform pore structure.

Magma-Fluid Transition and the Genesis of Pegmatite Dike No.3,Altay,Xinjiang,Northwest China

Abstract: The physico-chemical conditions under which the pegmatite dyke No. 3 was formed were discussed in the light of fluid-melt inclusion evidence. Our results lend support to the frac-tionation of hydrothermal solutions from magma. For the pegmatite dike No. 3, the magma-derived hydrothermal solutions are dominated by NaCl + CO2 + H2O.

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of Hyperloop pod predicting laminar–turbulent transition

Three-dimensional compressible flow simulationswere conducted to develop a Hyperloop pod. Thenovelty is the usage of Gamma transition model, in whichthe transition from laminar to turbulent flow can be predicted.First, a mesh dependency study was undertaken,showing second-order convergence with respect to themesh refinement. Second, an aerodynamic analysis for twodesigns, short and optimized, was conducted with thetraveling speed 125 m/s at the system pressure 0.15 bar.The concept of the short model was to delay the transitionto decrease the frictional drag;meanwhile that of theoptimized design was to minimize the pressure drag bydecreasing the frontal area and introduce the transitionmore toward the front of the pod. The computed resultsshow that the transition of the short model occurred moreon the rear side due to the pod shape, which resulted in 8%smaller frictional drag coefficient than that for the optimizedmodel. The pressure drag for the optimized designwas 24% smaller than that for the short design, half ofwhich is due to the decrease in the frontal area, and theother half is due to the smoothed rear-end shape. The totaldrag for the optimized model was 14% smaller than that forthe short model. Finally, the influence of the systempressure was investigated. As the system pressure and theReynolds number increase, the frictional drag coefficientincreases, and the transition point moves toward the front,which are the typical phenomena observed in the transitionregime.

Fluid Shear Stress-Induced IL-8/CXCR Signaling Promotes Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition of Ovarian Cancer Cells

Objective Epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)plays a very important role in ovarian cancer metastasis,and IL-8 released from mechanosensitive cancer cells may contribute to the EMT process of solid carcinomas.In this study,we have explored IL-8 and its receptors signal transduction process of human ovarian cancer cells under conditions of FSS,and simultaneously detected the EMT process of ovarian cancer.Methods After the fluid shear stress was loaded,LightCyclerTM system and ELISA were employed to assay the IL-8 mRNA expression and protein production,respectively.Meanwhile,IL-8 reporter gene pEGFP1-IL8USCS was constructed for determining IL-8 gene transcriptional activation through gene transfer and flow cytometric analysis.RT-PCR,Northern blot and immunofluorescence were used to determine the expression of IL-8 receptor CXCR2 at mRNA and protein levels.IL-8 downstream signaling molecule NF-κB nuclear translocation was observed by immunocytofluoresent staining.Western blot was used to examine IκB phosphorylation and EMT-related protein.Results(1)The increase of IL-8 mRNA expression by shear stress was time-dependent.The expression increased when SKOV3 cells exposed to fluid shear stress for 1 h,reached the summits at 2 h,gradually decreased at 3 h and remained at a constant level at 4~12 h.Additionally,IL-8 expression was negatively associated with the intensity of shear stress.After SKOV3 cells were exposed to low fluid shear stress(1.5 dyne/cm2)for 1 h and 2 h,IL-8 mRNA expression increased near 68 and 52 times respectively as that of SKOV3 cells exposed to a high fluid shear stress of 5.0 dyne/cm^2.(2)The productions of IL-8 protein in SKOV3 cells subjected to shear stress were time-dependent.The secretion reached the summit when SKOV3 cells exposed to fluid shear stress for 5 h,then IL-8 secretion gradually decreased at 8 h of stimulation by shear stress.IL-8 secretion increased obviously when fluid shear stress(0.5,1.5,or 2.0 dyne/cm2)was exerted on SKOV3 cells for 1 h.Notablely,the secretion of IL-8 was the highest when SKOV3 cells subjected to fluid shear stress 1.5dyne/cm^2,which was near 6 or 7 times as that of SKOV3 cells subjected to high fluid shear stress(5.0 dyne/cm^2).(3)There was an increase in enhanced green fluorescent protein expression in pEGFPI-IL8USCS-transfected SKOV3 cells subjected to a fluid shear stress of 1.5 dyne/cm2 for 2 h,suggesting a flow shear stress induced IL-8 gene transcriptional activation;(4)CXCR2,which was constitutively present on the surface of SKOV3 cells,increased following exposure to fluid shear stress for 60 min.(5)Following the application of a shear stress of 1.5 dyne/cm^2,NF-κB p65 became detectable in the cell nuclei and Phosphorylated IκB in cell lysates increased significantly;(6)Compared with the control group,critical EMT-related proteins vimentin was upregulated,E-cadherin was downregulated after the application of the 1.5 dyne/cm2shear stress for 2 h,which suggested the EMT of ovarian cancer.Conclusions FSS triggered IL-8/CXCR2 signaling of SK-OV3 cells represents an early gene activation and the activation can be mediated through NF-κB.When the fluid shear stress-induced IL-8/CXCR signaling activated,the expression of EMT-related proteins changed.This observation suggested that fluid shear stress-induced IL-8 activation and the downstream signal pathways may have important contribution to the EMT process of ovarian cancer cells.

Discontinuity of mode transition and hysteresis in hydrogen inductively coupled plasma via a fluid model

A new type of two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model that couples an equivalent circuit module is used to in- vestigate the mode transition characteristics and hysteresis in hydrogen inductively coupled plasmas at different pressures, by varying the series capacitance of the matching box. The variations of the electron density, temperature, and the circuit electrical properties are presented. As cycling the matching capacitance, at high pressure both the discontinuity and hysteresis appear for the plasma parameters and the transferred impedances of both the inductive and capacitive discharge components, while at low pressure only the discontinuity is seen. The simulations predict that the sheath plays a determi- native role on the presence of discontinuity and hysteresis at high pressure, by influencing the inductive coupling efficiency of applied power. Moreover, the values of the plasma transferred impedances at different pressures are compared, and the larger plasma inductance at low pressure due to less collision frequency, as analyzed, is the reason why the hysteresis is not seen at low pressure, even with a wider sheath. Besides, the behaviors of the coil voltage and current parameters during the mode transitions are investigated. They both increase （decrease） at the E to H （H to E） mode transition, indicating an improved （worsened） inductive power coupling efficiency.

Dividing the transit wind speeds into intervals as a favorable methodology for analyzing the relationship between wind speed and the aerodynamic impedance of vegetation in semiarid grasslands

In grassland ecosystems,the aerodynamic roughness(Z0)and frictional wind speed(u*)contribute to the aerodynamic impedance of the grassland canopy.Thus,they are often used in the studies of wind erosion and evapotranspiration.However,the effect of wind speed and grazing measures on the aerodynamic impedance of the grassland canopy has received less analysis.In this study,we monitored wind speeds at multiple heights in grazed and grazing-prohibited grasslands for 1 month in 2021,determined the transit wind speed at 2.0 m height by comparing wind speed differences at the same height in both grasslands,and divided these transit wind speeds at intervals of 2.0 m/s to analyze the effect of the transit wind speed on the relationship among Z0,u*,and wind speed within the grassland canopy.The results showed that dividing the transit wind speeds into intervals has a positive effect on the logarithmic fit of the wind speed profile.After dividing the transit wind speeds into intervals,the wind speed at 0.1 m height(V0.1)gradually decreased with the increase of Z0,exhibiting three distinct stages:a sharp change zone,a steady change zone,and a flat zone;while the overall trend of u*increased first and then decreased with the increase of V0.1.Dividing the transit wind speeds into intervals improved the fitting relationship between Z0 and V0.1 and changed their fitting functions in grazed and grazing-prohibited grasslands.According to the computational fluid dynamic results,we found that the number of tall-stature plants has a more significant effect on windproof capacity than their height.The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between wind speed and the aerodynamic impedance of vegetation in grassland environments.

海陆过渡相页岩储层液岩作用机理及钻井液体系构建

我国海陆过渡相页岩地质储量大、资源丰度高,开发前景广阔。但钻井过程中井壁极易发生掉块、坍塌,导致井壁失稳影响钻井安全。本文通过钻井岩心观察、电镜和CT扫描、X射线衍射分析等相关实验,得到储层岩样矿物组分及微观结构等特征,结果表明:页岩气储层全岩主要含石英和黏土矿物,地层黏土矿物含量高达45.7%,且黏土矿物中不含蒙脱石,高岭石含量为35%,伊/蒙混层含量为26%;岩样表面纳微米孔隙和微裂缝发育,裂缝宽度在微米级并连通多条窄裂缝;通过岩液作用后晶层间距、表面张力、线性膨胀率和裂缝扩展变化分析,海陆过渡相页岩仅发生表面水化,揭示了海陆过渡相页岩气储层岩液作用机理。优选了水基钻井液抑制剂、封堵剂与润滑剂,构建了一套海陆过渡相页岩气储层的高性能水基钻井液体系,并对其展开了室内评价。钻井液常规性能、抑制性、封堵性、润滑性评价实验结果表明,该钻井液体系抗温100℃,高温高压失水6 mL,泥页岩膨胀率为1.03%,钻井液润滑系数整体小于0.15,体系30 min的API滤失量较基浆降低40%,可对地层微裂缝实现有效封堵,且生物毒性EC50值为37260 mg/L,属于无毒级别,能够满足海陆过渡相页岩气钻井作业施工对钻井液性能的要求并进行了现场应用,封堵防塌效果良好,可有效解决海陆过渡相泥页岩井壁失稳的技术难题。

大雷诺数下对称翼型的转捩判断与规律研究

围绕翼型的转捩问题,以NACA0012、NACA0015、NACA0018三种不同厚度的对称翼型为研究对象,基于TSST湍流模型的数值模拟方法,提出基于湍流强度的转捩判断方法并研究在5种大雷诺数条件下翼型表面流动的转捩规律,以期为风力机叶片设计提供新的参考思路。研究表明,基于湍流强度的转捩判断方法是有效、可行的,使用翼型表面湍流强度曲线的阶跃现象观测转捩,可有效避免转捩前流动扰动带来的影响。同时利用湍流强度的变化情况可为风力机叶片设计寻找最佳设计参数。研究发现,增大攻角和雷诺数使得翼型上翼面转捩位置前移、下翼面转捩位置后移。此外,随着攻角的减小、雷诺数的增大、翼型表面厚度的增加,在翼型转捩前的流动逐渐稳定。

三元采出液电脱水器过渡层处理技术研究

受三元采出液机械杂质含量高、油水乳化严重、稳定性增强影响,油水界面之间形成稳定过渡层,其具有高导电率的特点,造成原油脱水设备处理效率下降,电脱水器平稳运行困难。为提升脱水系统稳定性,重点攻关复合驱中间层的处理方法,明确过渡层的形成及稳定机理,创新研发了过渡层高效抑制药剂,从源头减少电脱水器内过渡层的富集,保障电脱水器平稳运行。同时,电脱水器放水得到明显改善,有效降低了下游污水站的处理难度。此外,为实现过渡层内油、水、固三相分离,完全从系统内剥离,形成了“消融沉降、提温离心”的减量化处理技术,经处理后油中含水率低于0.3%,可满足外掺条件。通过实施过渡层专项处理技术,有力保障了脱水系统平稳运行及外输原油保质保量。

超临界气体炮发射装置内弹道建模与数值分析

超临界二氧化碳相变发射是当前武器发射领域研究热点之一,为进一步扩展超临界气体炮发射的研究,基于高压发射技术和气体炮的基本原理,确立超临界相变发射装置的总体方案,对超临界态二氧化碳与火药燃气的换热过程进行拟合。以弹体发射速度为目标,根据热力学方程与内弹道方程,得到初始压力变化规律,建立了超临界相变气体炮发射模型。基于Fluent对超临界相变发射流场变化进行了研究,分析了相变发射装置内气流速度变化,得到了初始压力和弹体质量对弹体出口速度的影响规律以及弹体在不同运动时刻周边流体域的变化情况,总结了经验公式。与实验结果对比表明:设计的超临界相变发射方案符合弹体预定的发射指标,流体仿真模型可靠。

基于流固耦合的浸水钢弹簧浮置板减振效果分析

为养护维修浸水情况下的浮置板轨道,基于流固耦合理论建立浸水条件下钢弹簧浮置板振动模型,分析浮置板和基础结构间存在积水情况时,车致振动影响下不同浸水深度浮置板轨道的减振效果。结果表明:钢弹簧浮置板的板底积水影响浮置板结构的减振性能;当积水深度小于板侧空间高度的1/2时,隧道壁在其峰值频率63 Hz的振动已经增大5 dB左右;当积水深度达到板侧空间高度全满时,隧道壁加速度级在63 Hz处增大13.4 dB,增加约30.7%;隧道壁在63 Hz和80 Hz的振动级插入损失也分别增大13.36 dB和13.67 dB;浮置板板侧空间有1/2及以上的高度浸水,峰值频率对应的浮置板、隧道壁的垂向振动级较正常情况分别大5d B、10dB以上时,建议及时排水。

高硅花岗岩流体出溶作用的识别和意义

高硅花岗岩以暗色矿物含量低,富SiO_(2)、Rb,贫MgO、FeO、Sr、Ba为特征,富集稀有金属元素,其研究对于理解花岗岩成因演化、稀有金属元素富集和成矿过程至关重要。岩相学和地球化学特征指示其经历高程度的分异演化,H 2O等挥发分作为不相容组分在残余熔体中逐渐富集饱和,导致流体出溶在高硅花岗质熔体中,但如何识别这一过程是难点。文章从岩相学、地球化学、矿物学、金属稳定同位素(Li、Ba、Fe)等角度总结了高硅花岗岩中流体出溶作用的证据和指标。岩相学方面,晶洞构造、雪球结构、单向固结结构等特殊结构、构造的出现是流体出溶的重要标志;地球化学方面,极低的Nb/Ta值(<5)、Zr/Hf值、稀土元素四分组效应是流体-熔体相互作用的有效识别标志;矿物学方面,锆石蜕晶化作用、轻稀土元素富集及钾长石富Pb指示存在热液流体参与;金属稳定同位素方面,相对于普通花岗岩,高硅花岗岩通常富集重Li、轻Ba和重Fe同位素,流体-熔体相互作用很可能是主要控制因素。但部分地球化学指标还存在较大争论,在实际使用过程中需结合不同指标进行综合分析。经过岩浆演化和流体出溶两阶段的富集过程,稀有金属元素得以在出溶流体中极度富集进而成矿。

低流阻全外压平衡型膨胀节压降仿真计算

蒸汽管道温度高、敷设距离长,常采用补偿器补偿管道的热膨胀量。本文针对旁通直管压力平衡型膨胀节在压降上的不足,提出了一种DN500低流阻全外压平衡型膨胀节,采用Fluent软件对其压降进行计算,分析流体流通面积比和流体流向转变角度对其压降的影响。结果表明,当流体流通面积比为2.35,流体流向转变角度为25°~40°时,减阻效果最佳,且优于旋转补偿单元。根据仿真数据,拟合得到DN500低流阻全外压平衡型膨胀节的压降计算公式,能够快速进行压降计算,为实际工程应用提供理论依据。

Mode transition in homogenous dielectric barrier discharge in argon at atmospheric pressure

The influence of driving frequency on the discharge regime of a homogenous dielectric barrier discharge in argon at atmospheric pressure is studied through a one-dimensional self-consistent fluid model. The simulation results show that the discharge exhibits five notable discharge modes, namely the Townsend mode, stable glow mode, chaotic mode, asymmetric glow, and multiple period glow mode in a broad frequency range. The transition mechanisms of these modes should be attributed to the competition between the applied voltage and the memory voltage induced by the surface charges.

Impinging Cooling with a Crescent Surface Inspired by Barchan Dunes in a Simplified Gas Turbine Transition Section

For the enhancement of heat transfer efficiency,a novel turbulator inspired by the morphology of barchan dunes,called the mimetic barchan dune(MBD)turbulator,is designed and evaluated in the simplified gas turbine transition section.By using computational fluid dynamics(CFD),the numerical simulations for comparison have been carried out,concluding the smooth thermal surface,a thermal surface with riblet-shaped turbulator and a thermal surface with MBD turbulator.Then,two indicators are investigated for evaluating the coolant performance which are the heat transfer efficiency(η)on the outlet and the pressure loss(ΔP)in the coolant chamber.The numerical results show that the coolant has the best heat transfer efficiency with less pressure loss in the coolant chamber with the MBD turbulator.Then,the effect of the MBD turbulator sizes on heat transfer efficiency is investigated.When the height of the MBD turbulator(h)is set at 8 mm,the maximum amount of heat that could be transfered by the coolant is up to566.2 K and the corresponding heat transfer efficiency is 26.62%.The detail flows have been shown to elucidate the function of the MBD surface which may greatly arouse more design for solving harsh circumstance.

Numerical Investigation of Hydrodynamic Flow Over an AUV Moving in the Water-surface Vicinity Considering the Laminar-turbulent Transition

Nowadays, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs) are frequently used for exploring the oceans. The hydrodynamics of AUVs moving in the vicinity of the water surface are significantly different at higher depths. In this paper, the hydrodynamic coefficients of an AUV in non-dimensional depths of 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, and 4D are obtained for movement close to the free-surface. Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Equations(RANS) are discretized using the finite volume approach and the water-surface effects modeled using the Volume of Fraction(VOF) method. As the operating speeds of AUVs are usually low, the boundary layer over them is not fully laminar or fully turbulent, so the effect of boundary layer transition from laminar to turbulent flow was considered in the simulations. Two different turbulence/transition models were used: 1) a full-turbulence model, the k-ε model, and 2) a turbulence/transition model, Menter's Transition-SST model. The results show that the Menter's Transition-SST model has a better consistency with experimental results. In addition, the wave-making effects of these bodies are studied at different immersion depths in the sea-surface vicinity or at finite depths. It is observed that the relevant pitch moments and lift coefficients are non-zero for these axi-symmetric bodies when they move close to the sea-surface. This is not expected for greater depths.

Laminar-Turbulent Boundary Layer Transition Imaging Using IR Thermography

Experimental techniques for imaging laminar-turbulent transition of boundary layers using IR thermography are presented for both flight and wind tunnel test environments. A brief overview of other transition detection techniques is discussed as motivation. A direct comparison is made between IR thermography and naphthalene flow visualization. A technique for obtaining quantitative transition location is presented.

Mechanism of Phase Transition from Liquid to Gas Under Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma

Liquid gasification phenomenon was observable in liquid-solid dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） experiments. Starting from classical thermodynamics, this study aimed at finding the reason of liquid gasification in the DBD experiments. Fluid statics and electrohydrodynamics were adopted to analyze the mechanism of phase transition from liquid to gas. The Sumoto effect was also employed to visually explain the change in the pressure of fluid due to the electric field. It was concluded from both theoretical analysis and experiment that the change in liquid pressure was a key factor causing liquid to gasify in DBD conditions.Furthermore, it was stressed that the liquid pressure was affected by many parameters including liquid permittivity, voltage, electric intensity, size of the discharge space and uniformity of the electric field distribution, etc. All of them affected DBD liquid gasification. The related results would provide useful theoretical evidence for multi-phase DBD applications.