Numerical simulation of standing waves for ultrasonic purification of magnesium alloy melt

It was attempted to enhance and accelerate the separation of oxidation inclusions from magnesium alloy melt by virtue of ultrasonic agglomeration technology.In order to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of standing waves for ultrasonic purification of magnesium alloy melt,numerical simulation and relevant experiment were carried out.The numerical simulation was broken into two main aspects.On one hand,the ultrasonic field propagations within the cells with various shapes were characterized by numerical solutions of the wave equation and with a careful choice of geometry a nearly idealized standing wave field was finally obtained.On the other hand,within such a standing wave field the agglomeration behavior of oxidation inclusions in magnesium alloy melt was analyzed and discussed.The agglomeration time and agglomeration position of oxidation inclusions were predicted with numerical simulation method.The results show that the oxidation inclusions whose apparent densities are close to the density of the melt can agglomerate at wave nodes in a short time which to a great extent enhances and accelerates the separation of oxidation inclusions from magnesium alloy melt.

Study on microstructure and properties of laser surface melted layer of AZ31B magnesium alloy

An attempt has been made to improve the surface properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy through solid solution hardening and refinement of microstructures using a CO2 laser as a heat generating source. X-ray diffraction （XRD） was used to identify the phases. Microstructure and properties of laser melted layer of AZ31B magnesium alloy were observed or tested by means of optical microscope （OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, micro-hardness equipment and electrochemical corrosion equipment etc. The results show that the microstructure of laser melted layer becomes finer significantly and uniform. Compared with the substrate, the content of β-Mg17 Al12 phase of melted layer decreases comparatively. Microhardness of the laser melted layer is improved to 50 -95 HV0. 05 as compared to 40 -45 HV0.05 of the AZ31B Mg alloy substrate. The results of electrochemical corrosion show that the corrosion resistance of laser surface melted layer has been improved.

Establishment of hydrogen measurement system for magnesium alloy melt

The equations of hydrogen solubility in pure magnesium and its alloy were deduced based on thermodynamic analysis: for pure magnesium, lgc(H)=0.51g p(H3)-1 332/T+0.568; for AZ91 alloy, lgc(H)=0.51g p(H2)-1 332/T+0.483. Based on the above equations, a rapid and reliable measurement system for hydrogen content in magnesium melt was set up with CPU controller and electric circuit. With this instrument, measurement experiments were carried out to determine hydrogen content in AZ91 melt. The results show that the actual hydrogen level of AZ91 melt under gas protection varies from 0.06 mL/g to 0.14 mL/g at the temperature range from 650℃to 750℃, and hydrogen content lineally increases with the increase of temperature.

Melting behavior of magnesium alloy chips in thixomolding process

The samples were fabricated by 220 t thixomolded machine made by Japan Steel Works. The microstructure from the AZ91D magnesium alloy chips to the thixomolded products was investigated. Melting behavior of the chips in thixomolding process was analyzed. The evolution processing of solid phase morphology was studied,and evolution model was put forward. The results show that microstructures in outer zone of a chip and the inner zone are obviously different,and the severe distortion takes place in the brim of the chip,where the grains are observed to be bent,distorted,even broken. The severe plastic deformation region is firstly molten,then segregation area in the inner of the chip continues to melt. The liquid phase in solid phase does not formed by liquid entrapped during shearing process,but primarily induced by internal composition segregation.

Oxidation behaviour of molten ZK60 and ME20 magnesium alloys with magnesium in 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane/air atmospheres

The oxidation behaviour of molten ZK60 and ME20 magnesium alloys in 1% 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane/air atmospheres at 720 °C was compared with that of molten magnesium. The oxidation kinetics of these three melts was determined by thermograyimetric measuring instrument, and the surface films of the oxidized samples were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the oxidation rate of molten ZK60 or ME20 alloys is much lower than that of molten magnesium in 1% 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane/air atmospheres. The surface film formed on the molten magnesium is composed of MgF2, MgO and C, while the film formed on ZK60 melt mainly consists of MgF2, MgO, C and some ZrF4, and the film on ME20 mainly consists of MgF2, MgO, C and a small amount of CeF4. The good oxidation resistances of ZK60 and ME20 alloy melts may be caused by their major alloying elements Zr and Ce, respectively.

EFFECT OF PREDEFORMATION MANNER ON SEMI-SOLID STRUCTURE OF AZ61 MAGNESIUM ALLOY IN SIMA PROCESS

The effect of predeformation manner, predeformation ratio and isothermal heat-treat parameter on the non-dendrite structure of AZ61 magnesium alloy in SIMA process was studied. Under coequal heat-treat condition, the impact of the hot upsetting pre- deformation on semi-solid microstructure in SIMA process was compared with that of the cold compressive predeformation. The results indicate that non-dendrite microstructure in AZ61 magnesium alloy billets can be obtained by hot or cold upsetting predeformation in SIMA process, although their mechanisms of evolution are different. Increasing hot or cold upsetting predeformation ratio can enhance the effect and quality of the non-dendrite microstructure formed before storage energy up to saturation, but the proper isothermal temperature and holding time should be selected.

Microstructure of AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billets prepared by SIMA method from chips

AZ91D magnesium alloy chips were adopted to prepare semi-solid billets.The chips were subjected to a series ofisothermal treatments for various holding times at 783?843 K after being compressed into billet at 523 K.The semi-solid microstructure of AZ91D magnesium alloy containing spherical solid particles was studied.The effects of reheating temperature and holding time on microstructures were investigated.And the semi-solid forming mechanism was discussed.The result shows that semi-solid billets with highly spheroidal and homogeneous grains can be prepared from chips by strain induced melt activation(SIMA) method.Meanwhile,it is found that increasing the heating temperature can accelerate the spheroidizing process and reduce the solid volume fraction.With the increase of the holding time,the solid particles become more globular,the grains grow slowly and the solid volume fraction slightly changes.At the same time,owing to the decrease ofinterfacial energy,the intragranular liquid phases form by the diffusion of solute atoms,the grain boundaries melt and grains separate from each other during the isothermal treatment.The grains gradually spheroidize and begin to merge with a further increase of the holding time.It is considered that the semi-solid forming process includes three stages:the recrystallization and the growth of grain stage,the semi-solid microstructure forming stage controlled by the diffusion of solute,and the spheroidization of solid particle stage controlled by the liquid-solid interface tension.

Structure evolution of AZ61 magnesium alloy in SIMA process

The effect of prior compressive deformation, isothermal temperature and holding time on the structure of AZ61 magnesium alloy fabricated by strain-induced melt activation(SIMA) processing was investigated. The specimens were subjected under deformation ratios of 0%, 22% and 40% and various heat treatment time and temperature regions. The results indicate that the ideal technological parameters of semi-solid AZ61 alloy produced with non-dendrites are recommended as 22% (prior compressive deformation), 595 ℃ (heat treatment temperature) and 40 min(time). The as-cast AZ61 magnesium alloy isn't fit for semi-solid forming.

镁熔体净化技术的研究进展

镁作为新兴轻质材料在汽车、3C和航空航天领域的应用逐渐普及,伴随行业节能减排的要求提升以及材料行业的迭代更新,镁及其合金所涉及的产业领域将会进一步扩大。而镁及其合金在铸造与变形加工前,镁熔体纯净度会对其性能产生巨大影响,如熔体纯净度低会显著降低合金的抗拉强度、伸长率等力学性能,导致合金出现炸裂、破损现象。为此,镁熔体的高效除气除杂净化技术成为研究热点。镁熔体净化作为镁熔炼过程中的重要环节,一直是科研工作者不断改进优化的研究课题。本文在简要介绍镁熔体中夹杂物来源的基础上,归纳了适用于镁熔体的熔剂净化、无熔剂净化、复合净化法及其净化效果,且对真空蒸馏法净化镁熔体的相关研究进行了探讨,系统综述了镁熔体净化技术研究进展,展望了该技术的未来研究方向。

镁合金激光选区熔化研究进展

镁合金作为最轻的金属结构材料,在汽车制造、生物医疗等领域具有极大的应用潜力。激光选区熔化成形镁合金具有高效的制备性能、良好的成分均匀性、优异的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,因此激光选区熔化成为一种重要的镁合金制备和改性方法。对近几年激光选区熔化镁合金的研究进展进行了综述,从激光工艺参数(激光类型、体能量密度、激光功率、扫描速度、扫描模式、层厚、扫描间距、气氛控制与进粉速度)和粉体状态(粉末形状、粒径分布、粉末对激光束能量吸收率、粉末化学成分)2个方面讨论了该工艺的关键技术;按照纯镁、非稀土镁合金体系、稀土镁合金体系的分类,对激光选区熔化成形镁及镁合金的致密度与微观结构、力学性能与耐腐蚀性能进行了总结;分析了工艺参数与合金成分两方面对该工艺成形镁合金缺陷的影响。为减少激光选区熔化成形镁合金缺陷、均匀化晶粒、溶解硬脆二次相或析出强化相进而改善合金的结构与性能,许多研究对激光选区熔化成形镁合金进行了热等静压、固溶热处理和时效热处理,总结了上述处理方式对AZ体系、WE体系与Mg-Gd体系镁合金的改善效果。最后展望了激光选区熔化成形镁及镁合金在各领域的应用前景与未来可以进行研究的方向。

镁渣对水煤浆气化细渣中炭组分灰熔融特性的影响

煤气化灰渣的规模化处置与利用对于煤化工高质量发展和煤炭行业的低碳转型至关重要。制备煤气化灰渣基多孔陶瓷材料是实现煤气化灰渣绿色化、高端化、规模化消纳的重要途径。然而,烧结温度过高仍然制约着煤气化灰渣基多孔陶瓷的规模化开发,通过调变煤气化灰渣灰熔融特性来降低烧结温度是多孔陶瓷制备的关键。为此,选取某水煤浆气化细渣的中炭组分(medium-carbon components,MCC)为研究对象,以镁渣为添加剂,利用X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱、扫描电镜和FactSage热力学模拟计算等手段,研究了高温时MCC矿物组成演变规律,以及镁渣对MCC灰熔融温度和灰黏度的影响机理。结果表明:MCC主要矿物组成为石英、方解石和白榴石等,高温下MCC矿物组成会向低熔点钙长石和透辉石转化;镁渣主要成分为CaO和SiO2,以方解石、石英和菱镁矿等矿物形态存在;随着镁渣质量分数增加,MCC灰熔融温度呈先减小后增大趋势,向MCC中添加5%(质量分数,下同)和10%镁渣可促进混合样品中高熔点矿物质向低熔点钙长石-辉石体系转化,长石和辉石生成低温共熔体使体系灰熔融温度降低;此外,CaO和MgO等碱土金属氧化物对硅铝酸盐网状结构的解聚作用,使MCC临界黏度温度降低,黏度对温度的响应更快。

退火态增材制造AZ91D镁合金在极端条件下的力学行为

本研究使用激光选区熔化技术(Selective laser melting,SLM)制备了AZ91D镁合金(SLM-AZ91D),并对其进行去应力退火处理,采用微观组织表征与力学特性测试研究了退火态SLM-AZ91D镁合金在不同温度与应变速率等极端条件下的力学行为。结果表明:退火态SLM-AZ91D试样中主要包含α-Mg基体、β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)等相,不同区域的蜂窝结构存在明显差异,平均晶粒尺寸非常细小,仅为1.82μm,无明显织构;相较于打印态试样,退火态试样的平均显微硬度值提升了约26.7%;退火态试样的压缩流变应力在173~293 K时对温度不敏感,而在373~573 K时则表现出显著的温度软化效应;随着温度的升高,流变应力呈现下降趋势。尽管应变速率强化效应较弱,但退火态试样的流变应力仍随着应变速率的增大而逐渐增大。基于实验结果拟合了修正Johnson-Cook本构模型,该模型的计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。

激光选区熔化成形AZ91D镁合金的力学性能与精度研究

激光选区熔化(selective laser melting,SLM)增材制造技术可实现镁合金零件的快速制造,但有关SLM成形镁合金力学性能和成形精度的综合研究较少。以AZ91D镁合金为对象,研究了SLM成形镁合金的致密化行为、组织结构、力学性能、表面粗糙度和尺寸精度。结果表明:当实体填充所用的激光能量密度大于110 J/mm3时,成形试样可达到高度致密(致密度>99.5%),但致密度与激光能量密度并无严格的一一对应关系。高致密样品呈现微细枝晶状显微组织,极限抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率均超过同牌号压铸件。仅采用实体填充时,高致密、高性能样品的加工误差较小,为0.25%,但表面粗糙度较高,为(17.7±1.9)μm;加入适当的轮廓扫描后,可以将表面粗糙度降低至(14.4±1.1)μm,加工误差降低至0.12%。

新型醋酸钙镁盐环保融雪剂的制备与应用技术研究

本文以新型醋酸钙镁盐环保融雪剂为研究对象,基于材料凝固点选定融雪剂主要成分,采用重心设计法确定成分配比;从环境温度、融雪能力、融雪效果方面对新型环保融雪剂融雪性能展开测试;通过与氯盐融雪剂对比,证明了醋酸钙镁盐融雪剂环保能力与使用性价比都要高于氯盐融雪剂,完全能满足道路、铁路等各项工程除雪要求。

镁基复合材料增材制造技术研究进展

镁基复合材料通过基体与增强体的协同配合,克服了传统镁合金绝对强度和刚度较低、承载能力较差的难题,而增材制造技术的强成形能力、高制备精度、短制备周期为定制复杂结构且组织均匀的镁基复合材料提供可能。因此,本文从镁基复合材料的组成出发,简单介绍传统制备方式后,归纳梳理了镁基复合材料增材制造技术的研究进展,总结不同制造过程中工艺参数对成形件组织和性能的影响规律,最后在分析所存在的问题和挑战的基础上,对镁基复合材料增材制造技术未来的研究方向进行聚焦和展望。

熔融氯化镁在镁电解多极槽中的研究应用

镁由于其独特的金属性质,成为二十世纪最受欢迎的轻金属材料,围绕其延伸的镁合金材料在汽车零部件、电子工具、军事领域等广泛应用,作为储氢材料也是备受现代前沿科技的青睐。随着多极槽技术的快速发展,多极镁电解槽相比无隔板镁电解槽又有较大提升。其采用的原料是熔融的无水氯化镁,具有直流电耗低、自动化控制水平高,产品质量高,氯气洁净度和浓度高且稳定的优势。通过设计氯化镁熔融净化配套设施,在熔融氯化炉内进行氯化镁的熔融,同时加入氯气和碳质还原剂进行化学反应,减少氯化镁熔体内杂质含量,能有效提升氯化镁的纯净度,解决青海盐湖镁业有限公司金属镁一体化项目氯平衡问题,提升金属镁一体化项目生产负荷。

镁铝合金熔化工艺及微观组织特征分析

镁铝合金因其低密度、高强度、良好的铸造性能和抗腐蚀性而广泛应用于航空、汽车和电子行业中。该研究通过实验分析了不同熔化条件下镁铝合金的微观组织变化,探讨了合金中镁与铝的相互作用及其对材料性能的影响。研究结果显示,熔化温度和保护气体种类对镁铝合金的微观组织有显著影响,合适的工艺参数可以显著细化晶粒,改善合金的机械性能。

镁合金熔体搅拌技术的发展现状

本文综述了近年来镁合金熔炼过程中熔体搅拌技术的现状,对目前工业化生产中常见的镁合金熔体搅拌工艺进行了归纳总结,阐述了各种工艺的特点,并对今后的发展方向进行了论述。

日钢高炉高铝矿冶炼的优化措施

日钢高炉高铝矿冶炼过程中,面临烧结矿的软熔性能变化大,炉渣熔化温度及黏度上升等问题。为此,采取一系列优化措施:①不同矿种优化搭配,烧结矿加块矿,槽下高、低碱度烧结矿块矿混匀,改善炉料软熔性能;②在厚焦层基础上探索合适矿层厚度,适当减薄矿层,炉腰矿层厚度维持在0.35m左右,以利于改善矿石熔化性,增强炉况抗波动能力;③提镁降钙,优化渣相,二元碱度控制在1.25,(MgO)<15%,镁铝比维持在0.75左右,保证炉渣的流动性和稳定性。采用以上措施后,日钢高炉炉况顺行,抗波动能力增强,燃料消耗长期维持在较低水平。

往复挤压道次对建筑Mg-5Sn-1Si合金板力学性能的影响

由于镁合金板具有高强度和防火特性,可用于声音隔离和保温材料,在高层建筑领域得到广泛应用。通过坩埚进行熔炼制备得到Mg-5Sn-Si镁合金,并对其进行300℃下往复挤压,研究挤压道次对力学性能的影响。结果表明:试样的力学性能随着挤压道次的增加而提高;随着晶粒尺寸的不断减小,多晶组织中形成了更多的晶界,达到强化材料组织的效果;随着挤压道次增加,细化强度现象更加明显,细小韧窝内形成更多球形Mg2Sn颗粒,进步一增强力学性能。