INFLUENCE OF PULSED MAGNETIC FIELD ON MICROSTRUC-TURES AND MACRO-SEGREGATION IN 2124 Al-ALLOY

The structures and macro-segregation of 2124 Al-alloy were studied when a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) was applied during solidification. It is found through experi-ments that a remarkable change occurs in the solidification structures of 2124 Al-alloy under pulsed magnetic field. The eutectic phase at grain boundaries change from thick continuous eutectic network to thin discontinuous one, and the distribution of solute elements was also homogenized. The typical negative segregation phenomenon of Cu in common solidification condition was restrained, and the segregation of Mg decreased.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE： This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES： Online literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 1985 to May 2012. Key words were ＂transcranial magnetic stimulation＂, ＂TMS＂, ＂repetitive tran- scranial magnetic stimulation＂, and ＂hallucination＂. STUDY SELECTION： Selected studies were randomized controlled trials assessing therapeutic ef- ficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Experimental intervention was low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in left temporoparietal cortex for treatment of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Control groups received sham stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The primary outcome was total scores of Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale, Auditory Hallucination Subscale of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale-Auditory Hallucination item, and Hallucination Change Scale. Secondary outcomes included response rate, global mental state, adverse effects and cognitive function. RESULTS： Seventeen studies addressing repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders were screened, with controls receiving sham stimulation. All data were completely effective, involving 398 patients. Overall mean weighted effect size for repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus sham stimulation was statistically significant （MD = -0.42, 95%C/： -0.64 to -0.20, P = 0.000 2）. Patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation responded more frequently than sham stimulation （OR = 2.94, 95%C/： 1.39 to 6.24, P =0.005）. No significant differences were found between active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and sham stimulation for positive or negative symptoms. Compared with sham stimulation, active repeti- tive transcranial magnetic stimulation had equivocal outcome in cognitive function and commonly caused headache and facial muscle twitching. CONCLUSION： Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a safe and effective treatment for auditory hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders,

Low frequency noise in asymmetric double barrier magnetic tunnel junctions with a top thin MgO layer

Low frequency noise has been investigated at room temperature for asymmetric double barrier magnetic tunnel junctions（DBMTJs）, where the coupling between the top and middle CoFeB layers is antiferromagnetic with a 0.8-nm thin top Mg O barrier of the CoFeB/MgO/CoFe/CoFeB/MgO/CoFe B DBMTJ. At enough large bias, 1/f noise dominates the voltage noise power spectra in the low frequency region, and is conventionally characterized by the Hooge parameter αmag.With increasing external field, the top and bottom ferromagnetic layers are aligned by the field, and then the middle free layer rotates from antiparallel state（antiferromagnetic coupling between top and middle ferromagnetic layers） to parallel state. In this rotation process αmag and magnetoresistance-sensitivity-product show a linear dependence, consistent with the fluctuation dissipation relation. With the magnetic field applied at different angles（θ） to the easy axis of the free layer,the linear dependence persists while the intercept of the linear fit satisfies a cos（θ） dependence, similar to that for the magnetoresistance, suggesting intrinsic relation between magnetic losses and magnetoresistance.

Analytic calculation of magnetic force between two current-carrying coils

Current-carrying coils are basic elements in electromagnetic equipments, for example, in high field magnets from high temperature superconducting wires or tapes. In the assembly of these systems and their current-carrying operation, unavoidable mis- alignment and shift from the original position can be induced by disturbances such as the imbalance of magnetic force due to safety problems. For two current-carrying coils with non-coplanar axes, the analytic expression of the magnetic force between the two coils is presented according to the rule of Ampere circulation and the Biot-Savart law. Based on the expression, the dependence of the magnetic force on the size and the relative position of each other is further investigated, and the variation of the magnetic force is obtained with the above parameters.

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF AN AMORPHOUS（Fe＿（1－x）Mo＿x）＿（79）Si＿9B＿（13）ALLOY

ＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＡＮＤＣＲＹＳＴＡＬＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＲＯＦＡＮＡＭＯＲＰＨＯＵＳ（Ｆｅ＿（１－ｘ）Ｍｏ＿ｘ）＿（７９）Ｓｉ＿９Ｂ＿（１３）ＡＬＬＯＹＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＡＮＤＣＲＹＳＴＡＬＬＩＺＡＴＩ...

Quantitative volumetric analysis of the optic radiation in the normal human brain using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging-based tractography

To attain the volumetric information of the optic radiation in normal human brains, we per- formed diffusion tensor imaging examination in 13 healthy volunteers. Simultaneously, we used a brain normalization method to reduce individual brain variation and increase the accuracy of volumetric information analysis. In addition, tractography-based group mapping method was also used to investigate the probability and distribution of the optic radiation pathways. Our results showed that the measured optic radiation fiber tract volume was a range of about 0.16% and that the fractional anisotropy value was about 0.53. Moreover, the optic radiation probability fiber pathway that was determined with diffusion tensor tractography-based group mapping was able to detect the location relatively accurately. We believe that our methods and results are help- ful in the study of optic radiation fiber tract information.

Voltage control of magnetization switching and dynamics

The voltage controlled magnetic switching effect is verified experimentally. The Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert（LLG）equation is used to study the voltage controlled magnetic switching. It is found that the initial values of magnetic moment components are critical for the switching effect, which should satisfy a definite condition. The external magnetic field which affects only the oscillation period should be comparable to the internal magnetic field. If the external magnetic field is too small, the switching effect will disappear. The precessions of mx and my are the best for the tilt angle of the external magnetic field θt = 0？, i.e., the field is perpendicular to the sample plane.

Dependence of switching process on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant in P-MTJ

We investigate the dependence of the switching process on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy （PMA） constant in perpendicular spin transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions （P-MTJs） using micromagnetic simulations. It is found that the final stable states of the magnetization distribution of the free layer after switching can be divided into three different states based on different PMA constants： vortex, uniform, and steady. Different magnetic states can be attributed to a trade-off among demagnetization, exchange, and PMA energies. The generation of the vortex state is also related to the non-uniform stray field from the polarizer, and the final stable magnetization is sensitive to the PMA constant. The vortex and uniform states have different switching processes, and the switching time of the vortex state is longer than that of the uniform state due to hindrance by the vortex.

Review of magnetocaloric effect in perovskite-type oxides

We survey the magnetocaloric effect in perovskite-type oxides （including doped ABO3-type manganese oxides, A3B2OT-type two-layered perovskite oxides, and A2B＇B＇＇O6-type ordered double-perovskite oxides）. Magnetic entropy changes larger than those of gadolinium can be observed in polycrystalline La1-xCaxMnO3 and alkali-metal （Na or K） doped La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 perovskite-type manganese oxides. The large magnetic entropy change produced by an abrupt reduction of magnetization is attributed to the anomalous thermal expansion at the Curie temperature. Considerable mag- netic entropy changes can also be observed in two-layered perovskites Lal.6Cal.4Mn207 and La2.5-xK0.5＋xMn2O7＋6 （0 〈 x 〈 0.5）, and double-perovskite Ba2Fe1＋xMol-xO6 （0 〈 x 〈 0.3） near their respective Curie temperatures. Com- pared with rare earth metals and their alloys, the perovskite-type oxides are lower in cost, and they exhibit higher chemical stability and higher electrical resistivity, which together favor lower eddy-current heating. They are potential magnetic refrigerants at high temperatures, especially near room temperature.

Flux emergence in the solar active region NOAA 11158: the evolution of net current

We present a detailed investigation of the evolution of observed net vertical current using a time series of vector magnetograms of the active region （AR） NOAA 11158 obtained from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. We also discuss the relation of net current to the observed eruptive events. The AR evolved from the βγ to βγδ3 configuration over a period of six days. The AR had two sub-regions of activity with opposite chirality： one dominated by sunspot rotation producing a strong CME, and the other showing large shear motions producing a strong flare. The net current in each polarity over the CME producing sub-region increased to a maximum and then decreased when the sunspots were separated. The time profile of net current in this sub-region followed the time profile of the rotation rate of the south-polarity sunspot in the same sub-region. The net current in the flaring sub-region showed a sudden increase at the time of the strong flare and remained unchanged until the end of the observation, while the sunspots maintained their close proximity. The systematic evo- lution of the observed net current is seen to follow the time evolution of total length of strongly sheared polarity inversion lines in both of the sub-regions. The observed photospheric net current could be explained as an inevitable product of the emergence of a twisted flux rope, from a higher pressure confinement below the photosphere into the lower pressure environment of the photosphere.

淀粉及其改性产品对东鞍山细粒赤铁矿聚团——磁选的影响

针对东鞍山强磁选抛尾存在粒度小于20μm的微细粒铁矿物流失的问题,研究了不同种类淀粉及其改性产品对微细粒赤铁矿的选择性聚团效果,通过团聚—磁选试验确定了适宜的团聚药剂和用量,借助偏光显微镜和红外光谱等手段检测了药剂与赤铁矿和石英作用前后的形貌特征,最后通过研究高分子药剂的作用机理,论述了药剂的选择性和团聚效果。结果表明:在药剂用量为200 g/t时,交联玉米淀粉的选矿指标优于其他几种药剂,团聚药剂的加入能实现微细粒赤铁矿的选择性聚团,使铁精矿回收率提高2.13~3.94个百分点,选矿效率提高2.77~3.46个百分点,但由于赤铁矿被团聚后呈不规则絮状,在较大的聚团中会夹杂少量石英,导致磁选精矿铁品位略微降低。

兆瓦级高速永磁同步电机偏心状态下电机性能及转子振动特性分析

在电机运行过程中,气隙偏心是一种常见的故障状态,会危害到电机的安全可靠运行,而该问题在大容量高速永磁同步电机中更为严重。因此,本文以一台兆瓦级高速永磁同步电动机为例,研究了气隙偏心对电机电磁性能以及其引发的不平衡磁拉力对转子振动特性的影响。首先,推导了静、动以及混合偏心状态下的不平衡磁拉力表达式。然后,建立了各偏心状态下的电机有限元模型,定量分析了不同偏心程度所引发的不平衡磁拉力变化情况。在此基础上,计算了电机转子系统的动力响应,详细讨论了各种偏心对转子系统轴心轨迹和电磁性能的影响。结果表明,不同偏心状态下不平衡磁拉力存在明显差异,在混合偏心时动偏心会削弱静偏心对转子振动的影响,偏心将增加气隙磁密的偶次谐波且增大转矩脉动。

小柴胡汤联合重复经颅磁刺激、盐酸度洛西汀治疗女性躯体形式障碍临床研究

目的:观察小柴胡汤联合重复经颅磁刺激、盐酸度洛西汀治疗女性躯体形式障碍的效果及安全性。方法:选取女性躯体形式障碍患者90例,将其随机分为三组:对照1组、对照2组、观察组,每组30例。对照1组给予盐酸度洛西汀胶囊治疗,对照2组在盐酸度洛西汀胶囊治疗的基础上结合重复经颅磁刺激治疗,观察组在对照2组治疗的基础上加用小柴胡汤治疗,三组患者均连续治疗8周。观察各组精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、中医证候积分评分和血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、雌二醇(E_(2))水平变化及不良事件。结果:治疗8周后,观察组患者SCL-90、HAMD、HAMA评分、中医证候积分低于对照1组和对照2组(P<0.05)。治疗8周后,三组患者的血清5-HT、NE、E_(2)水平均比治疗前、治疗4周后有所上升,对照2组患者的5-HT、NE、E_(2)水平高于对照1组(P<0.05),观察组患者的5-HT、NE、E_(2)水平高于对照2组(P<0.05)。结论:小柴胡汤联合重复经颅磁刺激、盐酸度洛西汀治疗可改善女性躯体形式障碍患者的躯体症状,疗效良好。

基于多序列MRI影像组学与深度迁移学习特征的脑胶质瘤分级预测研究

目的:探讨基于多序列磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)手工影像组学(hand⁃crafted radiomic,HCR)和深度迁移学习(deep transfer learning,DTL)特征的机器学习(machine learning,ML)模型在术前预测脑胶质瘤分级的效能。方法:选取BraTS2019数据集中332例患者的影像数据[高级别胶质瘤(high⁃grade glioma,HGG)258例,低级别胶质瘤(low⁃grade glioma,LGG)74例],随机抽取30例HGG和8例LGG作为测试数据集,其余294例作为训练集和验证集。从T1、T2、T1c和Flair序列中提取病灶的HCR特征和DTL特征,并筛选出影响力前10的特征子集,基于HCR特征、DTL特征和两者组合的深度学习影像组学(deep learning radiomics,DLR)特征,分别建立7种ML模型,评估模型预测HGG和LGG的效能。选择最佳模型后,使用SHAP法对模型特征重要性进行量化及归因分析。结果:基于HCR和DTL组合的DLR特征构建的ML模型预测效能最高,当使用支持向量机的递归特征消除(support vector machine⁃recursive feature elimination,SVM⁃RFE)筛选特征后,使用T2+T1c+Flair序列组合的支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)分类器的预测模型效果最佳。在验证集上,受试者工作特征曲线下面积达到0.996(95%CI:0.991~1.000),约登指数、准确度、灵敏度和特异度分别为0.920、0.976、0.988和0.932,在测试集上同样具有较高的分级预测效能。SHAP特征权重分析显示Flair序列的特征贡献较大,其次为T2及T1c序列,HCR和DTL特征均有重要贡献。结论:基于多序列MRI的DLR特征构建的ML模型可有效预测脑胶质瘤的肿瘤分级,其中经过SVM⁃RFE筛选后的T2+T1c+Flair序列组合的SVM分类器模型效能最佳。

首发精神分裂症患者视觉情绪识别与静息态脑局部一致性的相关性研究

目的:探究首发精神分裂症患者视觉情绪识别能力特点与静息态大脑局部一致性(ReHo)改变及其相关性。方法:FES患者和健康对照者分别纳入FES组和HC组,各32例;2组均进行视觉情绪识别任务,采集静息态功能磁共振数据,对数据进行预处理并计算个体ReHo值。比较2组的视觉情绪识别得分及全脑ReHo值的差异,并提取组间差异脑区的ReHo值与视觉情绪识别得分进行相关性分析。结果:与HC组相比,FES组的正性情绪识别得分、非正性情绪识别得分及情绪识别总得分均更低(P<0.05)。与HC组相比,FES组右侧中央后回、中央前回、额内侧回、中央旁小叶ReHo降低,双侧海马旁回、左侧壳核ReHo升高(Alphasim多重比较校正,P<0.05)。FES组非正性情绪识别得分与左侧壳核ReHo值之间存在显著负相关(r=-0.471,P=0.031)。结论:FES患者存在情绪识别障碍及多个脑区ReHo改变,其中左侧壳核ReHo值的升高与精神分裂症患者对非正性情绪的识别困难有关。

缅甸某低品位复杂难选铁锡矿石综合回收试验研究

缅甸某低品位铁锡矿石含铁29.79%、锡0.495%,脉石成分主要为Si O_(2),主要有价矿物为磁铁矿和锡石,二者紧密共生,粒度较细。为确定该矿石的高效开发利用工艺,基于原矿性质研究,采用湿式弱磁选铁—锡石回收(摇床重选—摇床中矿再磨后高梯度强磁选除铁—摇床重选)—锡综合粗精矿浮选脱硫磁选除铁(弱磁选+高梯度强磁选)流程进行了选矿试验。结果表明:该工艺最终可获得锡品位57.956%、锡回收率69.08%的锡精矿,铁品位65.21%、铁回收率48.22%的铁精矿,硫品位46.35%、硫回收率38.31%的硫精矿,铁、锡和硫精矿所含杂质均未超标,总尾矿的锡品位降至0.153%,实现了铁锡矿石资源的综合回收利用。

云南澜沧老厂银铅锌多金属矿床的AMT工频噪声压制研究

云南澜沧老厂银铅锌多金属矿床为西南“三江”地区的典型矿床,面临资源危机。该矿床的边部找矿勘查中开展了音频大地电磁测深(AMT)工作,但因高压线工频干扰,导致部分测点频点失真。针对此问题,提出了一种基于隔离式频点提取以及磁场数据重构技术的工频噪声压制方法。通过划定阈值对所有测点进行数据分辨,进而快速区分受工频干扰程度不同的测点;然后避开受干扰的50 Hz及倍数频段数据进行数据提取。针对受工频干扰程度较强,无法避开干扰数据的测点,利用其临近测点数据,采用反距离加权法对强干扰测点进行磁场数据重构。对澜沧老厂银铅锌多金属矿床的AMT资料采用上述方法进行处理后,有效规避了50 Hz及奇次谐波干扰,取得了较好的噪声压制效果,圈定了2处具有找矿潜力的低阻异常区,为矿山边部找矿勘探提供了方向。该方法为解决物探工作中的工频干扰提供了新途径。

离子液体基磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定饮料中的合成色素

国家对合成色素使用量有严格限量标准,有效萃取和测定食品中合成色素对保障食品安全有重要意义。采用红外光谱、透射电镜和振动样品磁强计等对合成的聚合离子液体修饰的磁性纳米材料的结构、形貌和磁性进行了表征,将此磁性纳米材料作为磁性固相萃取(magnetic solid-phase extraction,MSPE)吸附剂,研究了其对4种合成色素(柠檬黄、日落黄、诱惑红和亮蓝)的萃取性能,结合MSPE与高效液相色谱技术,对影响萃取效率的吸附剂用量、吸附时间、解吸时间和盐的含量等参数进行了优化。研究结果表明:根据吸附剂对典型阴/阳离子型染料的吸附结果,推断4种合成色素的有效萃取归因于吸附剂与分析物之间存在的强静电引力以及π-π和疏水作用等多重作用;在吸附剂用量为10 mg、吸附时间为20 min、解吸剂为1 mL乙腈/盐酸(体积比9∶1)和解吸时间为10 s的优化萃取条件下,4种色素具有良好的线性(决定系数为0.9922~0.9975),检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为1~3μg/L和2.5~10μg/L;该方法能成功用于碳酸饮料健力宝和菠萝啤中合成色素的测定,3个质量浓度下(日落黄、诱惑红和亮蓝均为25、100、250μg/L,柠檬黄为50、200、500μg/L)的加标回收率为71.4%~113.0%,相对标准偏差小于10.9%(n=3)。本研究为食品中合成色素的分析提供了一种很有前景的样品前处理方法。

In-situ observation for formation and dissociation of carbon dioxide hydrate in porous media by magnetic resonance imaging

The study of formation and dissociation of CO 2 hydrate in porous media was characterized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system in in situ conditions. This work simulated porous media by using glass beads of uniform size. The growth and dissociation habit of CO2 hydrate was observed under different temperature and pressure conditions. The induction time and the hydrate saturation during the growth and dissociation process in different sizes of porous media were obtained by using the MRI signal intensity. The results indicate that hydrate growth rate and the induction time are affected by the size of porous media, pressure, and degree of supercooling. There are three hydrate growth stages, i.e., initial growth stage, rapid growth stage and steady stage. In this study,the CO2 hydrate forms preferentially at the surface of vessel and then gradually grows inward. The hydrate tends to cement the glass beads together and occupies the pore gradually. As the hydrate decomposes gradually, the dissociation rate increases to the maximum and then decreases to zero.

精神分裂症和抑郁症大脑皮质抑制异常比较

目的比较精神分裂症和抑郁症患者大脑皮质抑制异常并探索其与临床症状的相关性。方法招募35例首发精神分裂症患者、41例抑郁症患者(21例首发抑郁症、20例复发抑郁症)和35名健康对照。使用经颅磁刺激脉冲进行大脑皮质抑制和兴奋指标检测。使用阳性与阴性精神症状评定量表评估精神分裂症患者的症状,17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表和汉密尔顿焦虑量表评估抑郁症患者的症状。以年龄、性别和是否用药为协变量,使用协方差分析或广义线性模型对大脑皮质抑制和兴奋指标进行组间比较,并分析其与临床症状的相关性。结果首发精神分裂症组皮质静息期长于对照组和抑郁症组[(92.08±35.43)ms vs.(70.27±22.12)ms vs.(70.81±29.29)ms,P<0.05]。将抑郁症分为首发抑郁症和复发抑郁症亚组,首发抑郁症组的短间隔皮质抑制弱于复发抑郁症组和对照组(0.76±0.44 vs.0.43±0.32 vs.0.45±0.20,P<0.05)。首发精神分裂症组的皮质静息期与一般症状得分呈负相关(r=-0.544,P<0.001),短间隔皮质抑制与阴性症状得分呈负相关(r=-0.501,P=0.005)。首发抑郁症组短间隔皮质抑制与汉密尔顿抑郁量表得分呈正相关(r=0.605,P=0.028)。结论首发精神分裂症和首发抑郁症均存在大脑皮质抑制指标异常,首发精神分裂症表现为皮质静息期延长,而首发抑郁症表现为短间隔皮质抑制减弱。首发精神分裂症和首发抑郁症的大脑皮质抑制指标异常与其临床症状相关。