The use of saline water for crop production leads to soil salinization.Magnetically-treated water(MTW)has been used for many years and has shown promise in leaching some ions from soil.At the same time,results have be...The use of saline water for crop production leads to soil salinization.Magnetically-treated water(MTW)has been used for many years and has shown promise in leaching some ions from soil.At the same time,results have been inconsistent and somewhat controversial.In this study,we used large unsaturated columns(diameter 15 cm and length 90 cm)to determine:1)salt distributions at depths of up to 90 cm after adding magnetically-treated,saline water to soil;2)whether MTW could reduce the rate of accumulation of salts(measured by EC)in soil,and;3)whether MTW could increase the leaching effect of soluble salts below root zones compared to control.The soil tested had a lower salt content compared to the water,a real-world scenario often faced when farmers elect to switch from higher-cost municipal water sources to ground water sources that have a higher saline content.Results indicated that the rate of salt accumulation was greater in the control group at the 30–60 cm depth.At the same time,the salt content at the 90 cm depth was greater in the MTW column.The results have shown that MTW changes the distribution of salts between soil layers reducing their content in the upper layers which are more important for agriculture.展开更多
Engineered magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs） hold great potential in environmental, biomedical, and clin- ical applications owing to their many unique properties. This contribution provides an overview of iron oxide MNP...Engineered magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs） hold great potential in environmental, biomedical, and clin- ical applications owing to their many unique properties. This contribution provides an overview of iron oxide MNPs used in environmental, biomedical, and clinical fields. The first part discusses the use of MNPs for environmental purposes, such as contaminant removal, remediation, and water treatment, with a focus on the use of zero-valent iron, magnetite （Fe304）, and maghemite （~,-Fe203） nanoparticles, either alone or incorporated onto membrane materials. The second part of this review elaborates on the use of MNPs in the biomedical and clinical fields with particular attention to the application of superparamag- netic iron oxide nanoparticles （SP1ONs）, which have gained research focus recently owing to their many desirable features such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of synthesis and absence of hysteresis. The properties of MNPs and their ability to work at both cellular and molecular levels have allowed their application in vitro and in vivo including drug delivery, hyperthermia treatment, radio-therapeutics, gene delivery, and biotherapeutics. Physiochemical properties such as size, shape, and surface and magnetic properties as well as agglomeration of MNPs and methods to enhance their stability are also discussed.展开更多
文摘The use of saline water for crop production leads to soil salinization.Magnetically-treated water(MTW)has been used for many years and has shown promise in leaching some ions from soil.At the same time,results have been inconsistent and somewhat controversial.In this study,we used large unsaturated columns(diameter 15 cm and length 90 cm)to determine:1)salt distributions at depths of up to 90 cm after adding magnetically-treated,saline water to soil;2)whether MTW could reduce the rate of accumulation of salts(measured by EC)in soil,and;3)whether MTW could increase the leaching effect of soluble salts below root zones compared to control.The soil tested had a lower salt content compared to the water,a real-world scenario often faced when farmers elect to switch from higher-cost municipal water sources to ground water sources that have a higher saline content.Results indicated that the rate of salt accumulation was greater in the control group at the 30–60 cm depth.At the same time,the salt content at the 90 cm depth was greater in the MTW column.The results have shown that MTW changes the distribution of salts between soil layers reducing their content in the upper layers which are more important for agriculture.
文摘Engineered magnetic nanoparticles （MNPs） hold great potential in environmental, biomedical, and clin- ical applications owing to their many unique properties. This contribution provides an overview of iron oxide MNPs used in environmental, biomedical, and clinical fields. The first part discusses the use of MNPs for environmental purposes, such as contaminant removal, remediation, and water treatment, with a focus on the use of zero-valent iron, magnetite （Fe304）, and maghemite （~,-Fe203） nanoparticles, either alone or incorporated onto membrane materials. The second part of this review elaborates on the use of MNPs in the biomedical and clinical fields with particular attention to the application of superparamag- netic iron oxide nanoparticles （SP1ONs）, which have gained research focus recently owing to their many desirable features such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of synthesis and absence of hysteresis. The properties of MNPs and their ability to work at both cellular and molecular levels have allowed their application in vitro and in vivo including drug delivery, hyperthermia treatment, radio-therapeutics, gene delivery, and biotherapeutics. Physiochemical properties such as size, shape, and surface and magnetic properties as well as agglomeration of MNPs and methods to enhance their stability are also discussed.
