Profile of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Bukavu Hospitals and Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus

Objective: To evaluate the spread of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) bacterial infections in Bukavu hospitals and test antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of some isolates to usual marketed antibiotics. Methods: The prevalence of MDR strains was determined by using general antimicrobial susceptibility data collected from 3 hospital laboratories. The susceptibility of some isolates to usual antibiotics was processed by agar diffusion method with standard E. coli ATCC8739 and standard antibiotics discs as controls. The tested antibiotics were ampicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. Results: At the 3 hospitals, 758 tests were realized in urine, pus, stool, FCV, blood, LCR, split and FU specimens;46 strains were unidentified and 712 strains were identified. Of 712 identified strains, 223 (31.4%) were MDR or XDR strains including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium, Neisseria gonorrohoae, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative, staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Of the infected patients, 36 (21.5%) children were under 16 years and 188 (78.5%) adults were predominately women (58.5%). The susceptibility test showed that all strains but S. aureus were resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. Gentamicin, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol remain partially active (27% - 80%) against P. mirabilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The resistance is more likely related to strain mutation than to pharmaceutical quality of the antibiotics prescribed. Conclusion: Both data from hospital laboratories and in vitro post-testing findings confirmed the ongoing elevated prevalence of MDR strains in Bukavu. The causes of antibiotic misuse and socio-economic determinants of the phenomenon of resistance should be scrutinized in order to take adequate strategies in the prospective of establishing an effective control system against this threat to overall health. The results of this work on MDR profiles have various implications for the management of infectious diseases. It provides indicators for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, practical guidelines for antibiotic susceptibility testing in biomedical laboratories, and guidance for antibiotic therapy.

Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA in drug-sensitive cell and drug-resistant strains of ovarian cancer cell lines

Objective： To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） mRNA in drug-sensitive cell and drugresistant clones of ovarian cancer cell lines. Methods： RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in 3 clones drug-sensitive and 5 clones drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell. Results： Strong COX-2 mRNA expressions were detected in 3 clones of drug-sensitive cell and weak expressions were detected in 5 clones of drug-resistant cell. The protein expression of COX-2 in drug-sensitive cell was strongly positive reaction in immunocytochemistry stain and there was a weak positive reaction in 5 clones of drug-resistant cell. Conclusion： The expression of COX-2 mRNA in drug-sensitive cell strains is much higher than that in drugresistant strains of ovarian cancer cell lines, providing a basis of the chemoprevention for ovarian cancer.

Seismic Liquefaction Resistance Based on Strain Energy Concept Considering Fine Content Value Effect and Performance Parametric Sensitivity Analysis

Liquefaction is one of the most destructive phenomena caused by earthquakes,which has been studied in the issues of potential,triggering and hazard analysis.The strain energy approach is a common method to investigate liquefaction potential.In this study,two Artificial Neural Network(ANN)models were developed to estimate the liquefaction resistance of sandy soil based on the capacity strain energy concept(W)by using laboratory test data.A large database was collected from the literature.One group of the dataset was utilized for validating the process in order to prevent overtraining the presented model.To investigate the complex influence of fine content(FC)on liquefaction resistance,according to previous studies,the second database was arranged by samples with FC of less than 28%and was used to train the second ANN model.Then,two presented ANN models in this study,in addition to four extra available models,were applied to an additional 20 new samples for comparing their results to show the capability and accuracy of the presented models herein.Furthermore,a parametric sensitivity analysis was performed through Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS)to evaluate the effects of parameters and their uncertainties on the liquefaction resistance of soils.According to the results,the developed models provide a higher accuracy prediction performance than the previously publishedmodels.The sensitivity analysis illustrated that the uncertainties of grading parameters significantly affect the liquefaction resistance of soils.

Distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity of eye infections in Suzhou

AIM:To investigate the types of bacteria in patients with eye infections in Suzhou and their drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs.METHODS:The clinical data of 155 patients were retrospectively collected in this study,and the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance of each pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 155 patients(age from 12 to 87 years old,with an average age of 57,99 males and 56 females)with eye infections(160 eyes:74 in the left eye,76 in the right eye and 5 in both eyes,all of which were exogenous),71(45.81%)strains were gram-positive bacteria,23(14.84%)strains were gram-negative bacteria and 61(39.35%)strains were fungi.Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin(78.87%and 46.48%respectively),but least resistant to vancomycin at 0.Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to cefoxitin and compound sulfamethoxazole(100%and 95.65%respectively),but least resistant to meropenem at 0.Comparison of the resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to some drugs revealed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the resistance of both to cefoxitin,cotrimoxazole,levofloxacin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone and ceftazidime,and both had higher rates of resistance to gram-negative bacteria than to gram-positive bacteria.The distribution of bacterial infection strains showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common strain in the conjunctiva,cornea,aqueous humor or vitreous body and other eye parts.Besides,Fusarium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also among the most common strains of conjunctival and corneal infections.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the dominant bacteria in eye infections,followed by gram-negative bacteria and fungi.Considering the resistance of gramnegative bacteria to multiple drugs,monitoring of bacteria should be strengthened in eye bacterial infections for effective prevention and control to reduce complications caused by eye infections.

Improving Blast Resistance of a Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Line GD-8S by Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection

The broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pi-1, from donor line BL122, was introduced into a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line GD-8S, which possessed good grain quality but high susceptibility to rice blast, by using backcross breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection. Five elite improved male sterile lines, RGD8S-1, RGD8S-2, RGD8S-3, RGD8S-4 and RGD8S-5, were selected based on the results of molecular marker analysis, spikelet sterility, recovery rate of genetic background and agronomic traits. Thirty-three representative blast isolates collected from Guangdong Province, China were used to inoculate the improved lines and the original line GD-8S artificially. The resistance frequencies of the improved lines ranged from 76.47% to 100%, much higher than that of the original line GD-8S （9.09%）. On the agronomic characters, there were no significant differences between the improved lines and GD-8S except for flag leaf length and panicle number per plant. The improved lines could be used for breeding hybrid rice with high blast resistance.

Sensitive Evaluation on Early Cracking Tendency of Concrete with Inclusion of Light-burnt MgO

The advanced temperature and stress test machine was introduced to determine the early cracking tendency of concrete with inclusion of light-burnt MgO under full restraint by tracking the development of thermal,physical and deformation properties.Results showed that light-burnt MgO being incorporated ranging between 4 wt% and 6 wt% of cementitious materials was beneficial to increase the maximum compressive stress and cracking stress of concrete by 0.37 MPa and 0.2 MPa on average respectively.The second zero stress temperature was reduced by 11.4 ℃ and the maximum temperature was slightly reduced while cracking thermal impact was significantly enhanced from 59.8 ℃ to 66.2 ℃.Sensitive anti-cracking coefficient F was forwarded to assess the early cracking tendency of concrete and the inclusion of 4 wt% light-burnt MgO with activity of 109 s ranked the best in crack resistance.

Sensitivity Detection Technique and Resistance Risk Assessment of Magnaporthe grisea to Tricyclazole

In vitro detection method for the sensitivity of Magnaporthe grisea to tricyclazole was studied, and the potential resistance risk of blast disease to tricyclazole was assessed. Both EC50 of hyphal melanization (EC50-H) and minimum inhibitive concentration of melanization in appressorial (MIC-A) by inhibitor tricyclazole showed positive correlation to the EC50 of tricyclazole against blast disease tested in vivo, with relative co-efficiency (R5) of 0.8995 and 0.8244, respectively. However, stability and reproducibility of EC50-H were better than those of MIC-A, suggesting that it could be used to detect the sensitivity of M. grisea to tricyclazole in vitro. Tricyclazole sensitivity of the progenies derived from single spores of the most sensitive isolate DY2 and the least sensitive isolate GY6 detected in sensitivity monitoring in 2000 was not stable, with mean EC50 values of 4.4968 μg/mL and 5.4010 ug/mL, respectively, indicating that the difference in EC50 between DY2 and GY6 was not caused probably by resistance variation. EC50 of GY6 did not increase significantly when continuously selected for twenty generations under the selection pressure of tricyclazole in vivo. However, the sensitivity of DY2 was decreased by 10-fold after selected for twenty generations. The results suggested that tricyclazole was still low resistance risk for M. grisea in China.

Bi-Directional Regulation by Chinese Herbal Formulae to Host and Parasite for Multi-Drug Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in Humans and Rodents

A decline in the immunopotential of the host plays acritical factor(s) in the occurrence of infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or microorganisms by opportunistic infection. In such an infection, no way out for therapeutic concept, therefore bi-directional trial was the final choice. So we selected aformula, Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang (dLHT), which could both augmentimmune factorsin host and exert bacteriostatic effect. We sought to break through the epidemic by MRSA especially in elderly patient, by the fundamental and clinical trial by employing minor TCM, characterizing bidirectional ability of the decoction by western methods. Animal Experiment: Mitomycin-C (MMC)-treated mice with or without the infection of MRSA were made. The experimental design was made up to examine the bacteriostatic action as well as the immunopo-tentiating bias of the promising Chinese herbal medicine, dLHT, which was first proved for its immune potentiating activities as well as their sensitivity to antibiotics, but not direct aseptic effect was clear for MRSA. Both basic and clinical data showed that this formula was effective on repelling from the infectious focus after the treatment of MRSA infection. After the administration of dLHT, the number of white blood cells in MMC-treated mice recovered to 80% of the normal level. In addition, the phagocytic activity of macrophages increased to 70% in the dLHT-treated group, while that of the non-treated group was only 20%. The bactericidal activity also recovered to the level close to the normal value by dLHT. The ratio of neutrophils in the dLHT-administered group increased to 2.2% (normal mice, 2.6%), whereas that in the non-terated group was only 0.5%. The bacterial count in the liver of MRSA-challenged mice reached the peak at six hours after the challenge in both dLHT-treated and non-treated mice. However, the number of bacteria in dLHT group was much greater than that in the non-treated group. The bacterial count in the blood showed an increase 12 and 24 hours after the challenge. Even 24 hours after the challenge, a significant number of bacteria existed in the blood of dLHT-administered group, whereas only a small number of bacteria detectable 6 hours after the challenge and the number gradually decreased thereafter in the dLHT-administered group. MRSA-challenged MMC-treated mice were treated by dLHT, vancomycin, or dLHT and vancomycin. All of non-treated mice died 8 days after the MRSA challenge, whereas the survival rates were 60% after dLHT treatment, 40% after vancomycin treatment, and 80% after dLHT and vancomycin treatment. All of MMC-treated mice, to which the phagocytic cells prepared from MMC-treated mice with dLHT administration had adoptively been transferred, survived from MRSA challenge. On the other hand, the survival rate of MMC-treated mice, to which the lymphocytes prepared from the same mice had adoptively been transferred, was 40%. Clinical Trial: All cases with dLHT treatment showed negative culture results for MRSA after the dLHT administration. The culture generally became negative less than 50 days after the initial administration, whereas one control case needed more than 100 days and the other was dead of the infection. One representative case, who was a 78-year-old woman suffering from hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and cerebral bleeding in the right occipital lobe, infected with MRSA during the antibiotic therapy for Streptococcus pneumoniae. The antibiotic therapy was halted and the dLHT administration started. Three weeks later, the culture result became negative. In addition, serum protein and albumin values also returned to the level that they had had before the infection of MRSA.

Drug sensitivity and drug resistance profiles of human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell lines

AIM: To study the effect of a number of chemotherapeutic drugs on five human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines. The expressions of genes that have been proposed to influence the resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), multidrug resistance protein (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) were also determined.METHODS: Five human CCA cell lines (KKU-100, KKU M055, KKU-M156, KKU-M214 and KKU-OCA17) weretreated with various chemotherapeutic drugs and growth inhibition was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Semi-quantitative levels of gene expression were determined by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results of IC50 values and the ratios of gene expression were analyzed by linear regression to predict their relationship. RESULTS: Among five CCA cell lines, KKU-M055 was the most sensitive cell line towards all chemotherapeutic drugs investigated, particularly taxane derivatives with IC50 values of 0.02-3 nmol/L, whereas KKU-100 was apparently the least sensitive cell line. When compared to other chemotherapeutic agents, doxorubicin and pirarubicin showed the lowest IC50 values (＜5 μmol/L) in all five CCA cell lines. Results from RT-PCR showed that TS, MRP1, MRP3 and GSTP1 were highly expressed in these five CCA cell lines while DPD and MRP2 were only moderately expressed. It should be noted that MDR1 expression was detected only in KKU-OCA17 cell lines. A strong correlation was only found between the level of MRP3 expression and the IC50 values of etoposide, doxorubicin and pirarubicin (r = 0.86-0.98, ,P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: Sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents is not associated with the histological type of CCA. Choosing of the appropriate chemotherapeutic regimen for the treatment of CCA requires knowledge of drug sensitivity. MRP3 was correlated with resistance of CCA cell lines to etoposide, doxorubicin and pirarubicin, whereas other chemotherapeutic drugs showed no association. The roleof this multidrug resistance-associated protein, MRP3, in chemotherapeutic resistance in CCA patients needs to be further investigated.

Correlation Analysis of Drug Resistance and Resistant Genotypes of Pathogenic Klebsiella peneumoniae from Racoon Dog to Fluoroquinolones

[Objective] The paper was to analyze the correlation between drug resistance and resistant genotypes of pathogenic Klebsiella peneumoniae from racoon dog to fluoroquinolones.[Method] The drug resistance and resistant genes of 24 strains of pathogenic K. peneumoniae from racoon dog to fluoroquinolones were detected by K-B drug susceptibility paper and PCR.[Result] Multiple drug-resistant strains were dominant among 24 strains of pathogenic K. peneumoniae, and the drug resistance to levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin was 70.8%-79.2%;the strains resistant to 4, 3 and 2 antibiotics were 58.3%, 29.2% and 8.3%, respectively. The detection rates of drug-resistant genes TEM, gyrB, parC,parE, gyrA and SHV were 75%-100%, and the number of strains carrying 9, 8, 7, 6, 4 and 3 drug-resistant genes was 4.2%-41.7%. Comparison of drug-resistant genes and drug resistance showed that the coincidence rates of levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were 78.9%-100%.[Conclusion] There were certain correlation between drug resistance and resistant genotypes of 24 strains of pathogenic Klebsiella peneumo-niae to fluoroquinolones.

Estimation of ice resistance and sensitivity analysis for an icebreaker

The Lindqvist method is adopted to estimate the ice resistance for an icebreaker.The accuracy of the method is evaluated in a comparison of the calculated results with model test results.In addition to the estimation of ice resistance,a sensitivity analysis based on the Lindqvist method is carried out.A full parametric model developed using CAESES software allows the convenient construction of many new hull lines.The primary factors relevant to ice resistance are embedded as design parameters in the full parametric model.Meanwhile,response surface methodology is adopted to give better insight into new hull lines.Results show that the ice resistance is more sensitive to the rake angle and waterline entrance angle.The aim of the present study is to improve the techniques of designing the hull forms of icebreakers.

Effect of resistance exercise on insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle

Insulin resistance(IR)is the common pathophysiological basis of many metabolic diseases.IR is characterized by decreased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue,especially in skeletal muscle.Skeletal muscle is the main target tissue of glucose uptake under insulin stimulation.Glucose uptake by skeletal muscle is complex,and it is controlled by many pathways.The PI3K/AKt/GSK-1 signaling pathway is not only the main pathway for insulin signal transduction but also an important mechanism for regulating blood glucose.From the binding of insulin to its receptors on the surface of target cells to the transportation of glucose from extracellular fluid to skeletal muscle,a series of signal transduction processes is completed,any of which potentially affects the physiological effects of insulin and leads to IR.Resistance exercise(RT)can reduce skeletal muscle IR and effectively improve blood glucose control and glycosylated hemoglobin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the exact mechanism by which RT improves skeletal muscle IR remains unclear.Therefore,this paper discusses the above problems by tracking the progress of the literature to deepen the correlation between RT and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and provide further evidence for the application of exercise therapy in IR.In conclusion,RT mainly improves insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle by increasing muscle mass,microvascular blood flow,and glucose transporter-4 expression in skeletal muscle,as well as by reducing lipid accumulation and inflammation in skeletal muscle.Thus,it is potentially useful in the prevention and treatment of T2DM.

Insulin Resistance in Pregnancy Is Correlated with Decreased Insulin Receptor Gene Expression in Omental Adipose: Insulin Sensitivity and Adipose Tissue Gene Expression in Normal Pregnancy

Aims: To determine correlations of insulin sensitivity to gene expression in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue of non-obese, non-diabetic pregnant women. Methods: Microarray gene profiling was performed on subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue from 14 patients and obtained while fasting during non-laboring Cesarean section, using Illumina HumanHT-12 V4 Expression BeadChips. Findings were validated by real-time PCR. Matusda-Insulin sensitivity index (IS) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated from glucose and insulin levels obtained from a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test, and correlated with gene expression. Results: Of genes differentially expressed in omental vs. subcutaneous adipose, in omentum 12 genes were expressed toward insulin resistance, whereas only 5 genes were expressed toward insulin sensitivity. In particular, expression of the insulin receptor gene (INSR), which initiates the insulin signaling cascade, is strongly positively correlated with IS and negatively with HOMA-IR in omental tissue (r = 0.84). Conclusion: Differential gene expression in omentum relative to subcutaneous adipose showed a pro-insulin resistance profile in omentum. A clinical importance of omental adipose is observed here, as downregulation of insulin receptor in omentum is correlated with increased systemic insulin resistance.

Association of vitamin D and magnesium with insulin sensitivity and their influence on glycemic control

Insulin resistance increases the risk of developing diabetes,and the degree of resistance influences the glycemic control of patients with diabetes.Numerous researchers have focused on improving insulin sensitivity in order to prevent diabetes-related complications and other chronic diseases.Several studies have also linked vitamin D levels to insulin secretion and resistance,given that both vitamin D and its receptor complex play important roles in regulating pancreaticβ-cells.It has been suggested that vitamin D supplementation improves vitamin D levels,but further research is needed to confirm this as neither insulin function nor glycemic control improves when vitamin D levels increase.Magnesium is a cofactor for many enzymes.Although the role of magnesium in the management of diabetes has long been evaluated,it has not yet been determined whether magnesium supplements improve insulin function.However,several researchers have found that patients with good glycemic control have high magnesium levels.Magnesium is closely related to vitamin D and is necessary for the transport and activation of vitamin D in humans.Combined supplementation with vitamin D and magnesium improves glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

Six-year analysis of key monitoring for bacterial strain distribution and antibiotic sensitivity in a hospital

BACKGROUND With the widespread use of antimicrobial drugs,bacterial resistance has become a significant problem,posing a serious threat to public health.The prevalence of clinical infection strains in hospitals and their drug sensitivities are key to the appropriate use of antibiotics in clinical practice.AIM To identify prevalent bacteria and their antibiotic resistance profiles in a hospital setting,thereby guiding effective antibiotic usage by clinicians.METHODS Specimens from across the institution were collected by the microbiology laboratory.The VITEK 2 compact fully automatic analyzer was used for bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing,and the WHONET5.6 software was utilized for statistical analysis.RESULTS A total of 12062 bacterial strains of key monitoring significance were detected.Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated widespread resistance to penicillin,but none of the strains were resistant to vancomycin or linezolid.Moreover,219 strains of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and 110 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were detected.Enterococcus faecalis showed moderate resistance to the third-generation quinolones ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin,but its resistance to nitrofurantoin and tetracycline was low.Enterococcus faecium displayed significantly lower resistance to third-and fourthgeneration quinolones than Enterococcus faecalis.The resistance of two key monitoring strains,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae,to piperacillin/tazobactam was 5%-8%.However,none of the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were resistant to meropenem.The resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to piperacillin/sulbactam was nearly 90%.Nonetheless,the resistance to tigecycline was low,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated minimal resistance in the antibiotic sensitivity test,maintaining a resistance of<10%to the cephalosporin antibiotics cefotetan and cefoperazone over the last 6 years.The resistance to amikacin remained at 0.2%over the past 3 years.CONCLUSION Our hospital’s overall antibiotic resistance rate was relatively stable from 2017 to 2022.The detection rates of key monitoring strains are reported quarterly and their resistance dynamics are monitored and communicated to the entire hospital,which can guide clinical antibiotic selection.

Changes in DNA Methylation Pattern at Two Seedling Stages in Water Saving and Drought-Resistant Rice Variety after Drought Stress Domestication

Recent studies revealed that DNA methylation plays an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, a water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety Huhan 3 was subjected to drought stress from tillering to grain-filling stages in six successive growth cycles. The variations in DNA methylation pattern between the original generation （Go） and the sixth generation （G6） were analyzed by using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism method. The results revealed that the methylated loci accounted for 34.3% to 34.8% of the total loci. Among these methylated loci, 83.1% to 84.8% were full- and hyper-methylated and 15.2% to 16.9% were hemi-methylated. The DNA methylation level decreased from the three-leaf to four-leaf stages in Huhan 3. Differentially methylated loci （DML） between generations or/and between different developmental stages accounted for 4.0% of the total loci, most of which were only related to plant development （57.9%）. Compared to Go, the DNA methylation pattern of G8 changed after drought domestication, at the three-leaf stage, de-methylation accounting for 59.1%, while at the four-leaf stage, re-methylation for 47.9%. Genome-wide alternations of DNA methylation were observed between the two seedling stages, and DML mainly occurred on the gene＇s promoter and exon region. The genes related to DML involved in a wide range of functional biology and participated in many important biological processes.

A New Humidity-Sensitive Material Based on PPBT Prepared with Palladium Complex Catalyst

Soluble Poly(propargyl benzoate) (PPBT) with pi -conjugated structure was synthesized using a novel bis(triphenylphosphine)-bisacetylide palladium complex catalyst [Pd(PPh3)(2)(C equivalent to CCH2OOCPh)(2)] (PPB). An interdigital gold electrode was covered by screen printing films of doped PPBT (DPPBT) to prepare a resistance-type humidity sensor, which exhibits electrical response towards relative humidity (RH%) variations in the range 11%-96%. PPBT shows promise as a new humidity-sensitive material.

Clinical Distribution and Drug Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in a Hospital from 2019 to 2021

Objective:To analyze the clinical distribution and drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB)and provide reference for the treatment of AB infection.Methods:AB isolated from clinical specimens of Huaihua First People’s Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were collected and identified by VITEK 2 Compact,an automated microbial identification and susceptibility testing system,in which drug sensitivity test was also performed.Excel was used for statistical analysis.Results:Among the 1,311 AB strains,81.16%(1,064 strains)were from sputum samples,and the departments with the highest detections rates of AB were neurosurgery(24.33%),intensive care(15.48%)and infectious disease(11.44%).The drug sensitivity test showed that the resistance rate of 1,311 AB strains to compound sulfamethoxazole and amikacin was 28.38%and 20.54%,respectively,and the resistance rate to 10 other kinds of common antibiotics was more than 40%.Conclusion:The 1,311 AB strains isolated were widely distributed in clinical settings and had strong resistance to commonly used antibiotics.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of pathogens and drug resistance,formulate reasonable and effective infection control measures,and ensure that antibiotics are used in a reasonable manner.

2022年沈阳市某三级甲等医院细菌耐药监测结果分析

目的分析2022年沈阳市某三级甲等医院病原菌分布及其耐药情况,为医院制定抗菌药物应用策略提供依据。方法收集从2022年沈阳市某三级甲等医院就诊患者中分离的病原菌,按照全国临床检验操作规程的要求进行菌株鉴定及药敏试验,使用Whonet 5.6软件进行数据分析。结果2022年共分离4968株病原菌,其中前5位为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、屎肠球菌和铜绿假单胞菌。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯药物耐药率分别为1.9%和17.7%,阴沟肠杆菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南耐药率分别为26.7%和25.0%。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)分离率15.6%。万古霉素耐药屎肠球菌、利奈唑胺耐药粪肠球菌分离率分别为7.1%、11.6%。热带念珠菌对氟康唑耐药率>20%。结论该医院病原菌分布及耐药率与国内其他地区监测结果存在差异,有必要进行医院菌株的耐药监测,及时了解病原菌分布及耐药情况,为抗感染诊治提供依据。