白葡奈氏菌片联合ICS+LABA治疗中重度COPD急性发作

目的探究及观察白葡奈氏菌片联合吸入糖皮质激素+长效β2受体激动剂(inhaled corticosteroid+long-acting β_(2)-agonist,ICS+LABA)治疗中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)急性发作的疗效及对生活质量的影响。方法将2020年6月—2021年12月山东第一医科大学附属省立医院的80例中重度COPD急性发作患者根据随机数字表法分为2组。对照组的40例采用ICS+LABA进行治疗,观察组的40例则在对照组的基础上加用白葡奈氏菌片。比较2组的COPD治疗总有效率、不良反应发生率、治疗前后的症状体征积分、疾病状态[慢性阻塞性肺疾病评分(COPD assessment test,CAT评分)]及生活质量[世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(World Health Organization on quality of life brief scale,WHOQOL-BREF评分)]。结果治疗1、2周后观察组的COPD治疗总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗1、2周后观察组的COPD相关症状体征积分显著低于对照组,CAT评分构成则显著优于对照组,WHOQOL-BREF评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论白葡奈氏菌片联合ICS+LABA治疗中重度COPD急性发作的疗效较好,且可显著改善患者的生活质量。

Genetic Analysis of Embryo, Cytoplasm and Maternal Effects and Their Environment Interactions for Isoflavone Content in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Soybean seed products contain isoflavones （genistein, daidzein, and glycitein） that display biological effects when ingested by humans and animals. These effects are species, dose and age dependent. Therefore, the content and quality of isoflavones in soybeans is a key factor to the biological effect. Our objective was to identify the genetic effects that underlie the isoflavone content in soybean seeds. A genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in diploid plants was applied to estimate the genetic main effects and genotype x environment （GE） interaction effects for the isoflavone content （IC） of soybean seeds by using two years experimental data with an incomplete diallel mating design of six parents. Results showed that the IC of soybean seeds was simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects of maternal, embryo, and cytoplasm, of which maternal genetic effects were most important, followed by embryo and cytoplasmic genetic effects. The main effects of different genetic systems on IC trait were more important than environment interaction effects. The strong dominance effects on isoflavone from residual was made easily by environment conditions. Therefore, the improvement of the IC of soybean seeds would be more efficient when selection is based on maternal plants than that on the single seed. Maternal heritability （65.73%） was most important for IC, followed by embryo heritability （25.87%） and cytoplasmic heritability （8.39%）. Based on predicated genetic effects, Yudou 29 and Zheng 90007 were better than other parents for increasing IC in the progeny and improving the quality of soybean, The significant effects of maternal and embryo dominance effects in variance show that the embryo heterosis and maternal heterosis are existent and uninfluenced by environment interaction effects.

The Shielding Effect of Multi-Pile Structures on Ice Force

The shielding effect of the front pile-row on the ice force acting on the back pile-row is studied by ice force model tests. In the tests, the front pile-row is designed to model jacket legs and the back pile-row to model the water resisting pipe-phalanx within the jacket. The shielding factor for ice force corresponding to different conditions are given in this paper. The research indicates that there are many factors, including the longitudinal and lateral spacing between the front and back pile-row, ice attacking angle and the ratio of pile diameter to ice thickness, that influence the shielding effect on ice force.

Dose-effect correlation of chloride de-icing salt on Euonymus japonicus

In order to prevent severe pollution by de-icing salt on greenery along urban roads, a half lethal dose （LD_50）for a plant population was confirmed through stress simulation of chloride de-icing salt on Euonymus japonicus, with an ianalysis of physiological changes, statistics on mortality rate on plant populations and mathematic modeling during a 30- day subacute toxicity test. The results indicate that a significant positive correlation in the early stages and a significant negative correlation in the later stages were observed between the amount of chlorophyll a and b in plants and a cumulative dose of de-icing salt. The amounts of free proline in plants and the dose of de-icing salt were positively correlated Over the entire period. No significant correlation in the initial stage, but a significant negative correlation in later stages was observed between the soluble protein and the dose of de-icing salt. LDs0 of this chloride agent on E. japonicus is 5 kg.（L·m2）-1 over 30 days.

Effects of sea surface temperature,cloud radiative and microphysical processes,and diurnal variations on rainfall in equilibrium cloud-resolving model simulations

The effects of sea surface temperature（SST）,cloud radiative and microphysical processes,and diurnal variations on rainfall statistics are documented with grid data from the two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving model simulations.For a rain rate of higher than 3 mm.h 1,water vapor convergence prevails.The rainfall amount decreases with the decrease of SST from 29℃ to 27℃,the inclusion of diurnal variation of SST,or the exclusion of microphysical effects of ice clouds and radiative effects of water clouds,which are primarily associated with the decreases in water vapor convergence.However,the amount of rainfall increases with the increase of SST from 29℃ to 31℃,the exclusion of diurnal variation of solar zenith angle,and the exclusion of the radiative effects of ice clouds,which are primarily related to increases in water vapor convergence.For a rain rate of less than 3 mm.h 1,water vapor divergence prevails.Unlike rainfall statistics for rain rates of higher than 3 mm.h 1,the decrease of SST from 29℃ to 27℃ and the exclusion of radiative effects of water clouds in the presence of radiative effects of ice clouds increase the rainfall amount,which corresponds to the suppression in water vapor divergence.The exclusion of microphysical effects of ice clouds decreases the amount of rainfall,which corresponds to the enhancement in water vapor divergence.The amount of rainfall is less sensitive to the increase of SST from 29℃ to 31℃ and to the radiative effects of water clouds in the absence of the radiative effects of ice clouds.

Zeeman Effect of the Rovibronic Ground State of I35Cl at Hyperfine Level

Zeeman effect at the hyperfine level of the rovibronic ground state of I35Cl are determined on the basis of ｜I1JF1I2FMF｜ via an effective Hamiltonian matrix diagonalization method. Perturbations of the Zeeman sub- levels are observed and the perturbation selection rules are summarized as well. Several potential applications of such Zeeman effect are suggested.

CLOUD RADIATIVE AND MICROPHYSICAL EFFECTS ON THE RELATION BETWEEN SPATIAL MEAN RAIN RATE, RAIN INTENSITY AND FRACTIONAL RAINFALL COVERAGE

Cloud radiative and microphysical effects on the relation between spatial mean rain rate, rain intensity and fractional rainfall coverage are investigated in this study by conducting and analyzing a series of two-dimensional cloud resolving model sensitivity experiments of pre-summer torrential rainfall in June 2008. The analysis of time-mean data shows that the exclusion of radiative effects of liquid clouds reduces domain mean rain rate by decreasing convective rain rate mainly through the reduced convective-rainfall area associated with the strengthened hydrometeor gain in the presence of radiative effects of ice clouds, whereas it increases domain mean rain rate by enhancing convective rain rate mainly via the intensified convective rain intensity associated with the enhanced net condensation in the absence of radiative effects of ice clouds. The removal of radiative effects of ice clouds decreases domain mean rain rate by reducing stratiform rain rate through the suppressed stratiform rain intensity related to the suppressed net condensation in the presence of radiative effects of liquid clouds, whereas it increases domain mean rain rate by strengthening convective rain rate mainly via the enhanced convective rain intensity in response to the enhanced net condensation in the absence of radiative effects of liquid clouds. The elimination of microphysical effects of ice clouds suppresses domain mean rain rate by reducing stratiform rain rate through the reduced stratiform-rainfall area associated with severely reduced hydrometeor loss.

Effects of water and ice clouds on cloud microphysical budget:An equilibrium modeling study

The effects of water and ice clouds on the cloud microphysical budget associated with rainfall are investigated through the analysis of grid-scale data from a series of two-dimensional cloud-resolving model equilibrium sensitivity simulations. The model is imposed without large-scale vertical velocity. In the control experiment, the contribution from rainfall （cM） associated with net evaporation and hydrometeor loss/convergence is about 29% of that from the rainfall （Cm） associated with net condensation and hydrometeor gain/divergence and about 39% of that from the rainfall （CM） associated with net condensation and hydrometeor loss/convergence. The exclusion of ice clouds enhances rainfall contribution of CM, whereas it reduces rainfall contributions of Cm and cM. The removal of radiative effects of water clouds increases rainfall contribution of CM, barely changes rainfall contribution of Cm and reduces the rainfall contribution of cM in the presence of the radiative effects of ice clouds. Elimination of the radiative effects of water clouds reduces the rainfall contributions of CM and Cm, whereas it increases the rainfall contribution of cM in the absence of the radiative effects of ice clouds.

RADIATIVE AND MICROPHYSICAL EFFECTS OF ICE CLOUDS ON A TORRENTIAL RAINFALL EVENT OVER HUNAN,CHINA

The radiative and microphysical effects of ice clouds on a torrential rainfall event over Hunan,China in June 2004 are investigated by analyzing the sensitivity of cloud-resolving model simulations.The model is initialized by zonally-uniform vertical velocity,zonal wind,horizontal temperature and vapor advection from National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) /National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) reanalysis data.The exclusion of radiative effects of ice clouds increases model domain mean surface rain rates through the increase in the mean net condensation associated with the increase in the mean radiative cooling during the onset phase and the increases in the mean net condensation and the mean hydrometeor loss during the mature phase.The decrease in the mean rain rate corresponds to the decreased mean net condensation and associated mean latent heat release as the enhanced mean radiative cooling by the removal of radiative effects of ice clouds cools the mean local atmosphere during the decay phase.The removal of microphysical effects of ice clouds decreases the mean rain rates through the decrease in the mean net condensation during the onset phase,while the evolution of mean net condensation and the mean hydrometeor changes from decrease to increase during the mature phase.The reduction in the mean rain rate is primarily associated with the mean hydrometeor change in the absence of microphysical effects of ice clouds during the decay phase.

基于旋转圆柱三电极阵列的覆冰测量方法

覆冰严重会影响电网安全稳定运行,输配电装备的覆冰监测是电网冰灾防御的前提。为此,基于冰层的电容效应提出一种旋转圆柱三电极阵列覆冰测量方法。首先,推导电容值与覆冰厚度计算公式,从理论上说明该方法的可行性;其次,建立圆柱三电极阵列有限元模型并对其结构参数进行有限元数值计算;再次,以信号强度、灵敏度与穿透深度为评价指标对圆柱三电极阵列选取合适参数;最后,在野外自然环境下对旋转圆柱三电极阵列覆冰测量装置进行试验。仿真和试验结果表明,在穿透深度以内,旋转圆柱三电极阵列能够较为准确地测量覆冰厚度、分辨覆冰类型。在雨凇、混合凇覆冰条件下,覆冰电容值平均误差最大为4.83%,能够满足覆冰厚度的测量要求。该文为输配电装备覆冰监测提供了一种新型装置与测量方法,未来有望应用于架空线路覆冰在线监测。

冰充填裂隙对冻结岩体压缩破坏特征的影响研究

冻结岩体的力学性质是决定冻结地层工程施工与运营安全的核心因素,而冻结岩体的力学性质由裂隙结构和冻结温度等条件决定。本文在常温和冻结条件下开展了含预制裂隙砂岩的力学实验,通过高速摄影技术对试样表面的裂纹起裂和扩展过程进行了监测,基于实验结果着重讨论了冰充填裂隙对冻结岩体压缩破坏特征的影响机制。结果表明:(1)冻结没有改变试样强度随裂隙倾角的变化趋势,随裂隙倾角的增大,试样的强度均呈先减后增的趋势。强度最小值出现在裂隙倾角α=60°时,最大值出现在α=90°时;(2)在冻结状态下,试样的起裂模式随裂隙倾角的增加整体呈现“拉伸起裂→剪切起裂→拉伸起裂”的变化趋势,此外,相同裂隙倾角的试样在冻结状态下起裂的应力水平均高于在常温状态下;(3)冻结裂隙砂岩的力学性质受冻结作用和裂隙倾角双重控制。并进一步分析了冰填充裂隙对冻结岩体压缩破坏特征的影响,认为冰均起到了支撑、填充和黏结作用。在裂隙倾角较小时(0°~30°),裂隙冰的法向压力较高,强化效应主要来源于冰的支撑作用;当裂隙倾角较大(45°~75°)时,裂隙冰上的法向压力较低,强化效应主要来源于冰-岩界面黏结作用;裂隙倾角(近90°)与加载方向平行时,裂隙冰的法向应力变为拉应力,强化效应主要来源于冰-岩界面黏结作用。

冰康复新液湿敷治疗急性放射性皮炎的效果

目的分析冰康复新液湿敷治疗对于急性放射性皮炎的临床效果。方法选取江西省人民医院2021年1月至2023年6月收治的60例急性放射性皮炎患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组及试验组,每组各30例。对照组采取生理盐水+庆大霉素+地塞米松+维生素B12治疗,试验组采取冰康复新液湿敷治疗。比较两组患者治疗有效率、疼痛评分、起效时间以及皮肤损伤的愈合时间。结果试验组患者临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者治疗后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者治疗后起效时间、愈合时间短于对照组,换药次数少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对急性放射性皮炎患者采用冰康复新液湿敷治疗,临床效果佳,可以有效促进患者皮肤损伤的恢复,减轻患者疼痛感,值得研究推广。

基于记忆合金双程形状记忆效应的导线雾凇防冰方法及现场试验

输电线路覆冰严重威胁电力系统的安全运行,国内外学者对抑制导线覆冰的方法开展了大量研究。该文基于形状记忆合金在不同温度下保持不同形状的双程形状记忆效应,提出在导线表面布置形状记忆合金,利用其形状变化改变导线表面电场强度抑制导线覆冰的方法,实现输电线路不停电非人工干预式防冰。建立布置形状记忆合金导线的三维模型,并仿真分析其表面电场情况。结果表明,随着形状记忆合金形变量增大,导线表面电场强度逐渐增大。用两端向上弯曲的圆柱形铝条代替形状发生变化后的形状记忆合金,将其布置在LGJ-150/25导线表面,在重庆大学雪峰山能源装备安全国家野外科学观测研究站开展野外自然覆冰实验。实验结果表明,在导线表面布置代替形变后的记忆合金的铝条能够抑制导线的雾凇覆冰,且在导线初始表面电场强度为10 kV/cm时,效果最佳,覆冰质量和厚度分别降低了57.1%和48.7%。

移动压力面诱导的固壁冰航道内弯曲重力波传播特性研究

在冬季冻结的内河航道以及冰水池模型试验等限制航道场景下,弯曲重力波和冰相互作用过程中由于冰板与冰池固壁面之间的边界条件,池壁效应的影响通常较大,不可忽视.基于此,针对移动压力面在固壁冰航道匀速运动引起的冰板稳态响应问题,建立数学模型,并采用分离变量法、正交模态法和傅里叶变换推导了该模型的解析解,得到冰板变形响应的积分表达式,通过数值计算对该问题进行数值求解.在验证积分表达式的收敛性的基础上,基于弯曲重力波在固壁冰航道内传播的临界速度,分析移动压力面在不同速度区间下运动引起的弯曲重力波特点,研究压力面相对航道壁面位置对弯曲重力波的影响,讨论航道水深和冰厚参数对移动压力面破冰能力的影响,总结压力面运动速度、压力面与航道壁面的位置关系、冰厚及水深变化对冰板变形和应变的影响规律,以期为开展冰水池模型试验和内河破冰提供一些参考.

结构参数对环形线性感应电磁泵性能的影响分析

环形线性感应电磁泵(ALIP)是液态金属反应堆中泵送冷却剂的关键驱动设备。在电磁泵的设计和分析中,结构参数是影响电磁泵输出性能的重要因素。为了进一步研究环形线性感应电磁泵结构设计参数对输出性能的影响,首先利用有限元分析软件建立考虑端部效应和环形导电管道影响的环形线性感应电磁泵仿真模型,然后基于模型计算分析了不同齿槽比、流道高度和管道壁厚度对电磁泵的磁密分布、电磁力密度分布和输出电磁力的影响,最后进一步对比分析了不同结构参数下环形线性感应电磁泵的输出特性和效率,研究结果为环形线性感应电磁泵的结构参数优化提供了参考依据。

冰温贮藏结合生物保鲜剂对虹鳟鱼肉品质特性影响的研究

虹鳟鱼肉质鲜美,营养丰富,是我国重要的经济鱼类,但其在贮藏、运输、销售过程中极易发生腐败变质,影响食用价值。为研究虹鳟鱼在贮藏过程中的高效保鲜方案,延长货架期,以4℃冷藏为对照,通过测定不同实验工况下鱼肉的汁液流失率、pH值和挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)等指标,研究0℃冰温贮藏以及0℃冰温贮藏+生物保鲜剂(壳聚糖、茶多酚、柠檬汁质量分数分别为1.75%、0.25%、4.98%)对鱼肉品质的影响。结果表明:0℃冰温贮藏组的各项指标及随时间的上升幅度均优于4℃冷藏,可有效减缓虹鳟鱼肉的腐败进程;第12 d时,4℃冷藏的pH值和TVB-N值分别为6.86和51.89 mg/100 g, 0℃冰温贮藏的pH值和TVB-N值分别为6.56和31.82 mg/100 g,而0℃冰温贮藏+生物保鲜剂组的pH值、TVB-N值仅为6.32和16.96 mg/100 g,该方案对虹鳟鱼肉的保鲜效果更佳,可有效延长其货架期。

海温与海冰对宁夏汛期降水分布特征异常的协同影响

宁夏南北气候差异大,与生态息息相关的降水空间分布特征演变及其影响因素需要更加细致深入的分析,本文选取1961—2022年宁夏20个国家气象站汛期降水、NCEP/NCAR大气再分析、海温及北极海冰资料,利用气候统计诊断方法,建立了宁夏汛期降水南北异常指标,探究太平洋海温和北极海冰强迫信号协同作用对其异常的可能影响。结果表明:宁夏汛期降水南北反位相特征分量呈明显的年代际变化,新年代际背景下典型“北涝南旱”分布型相比于1991年以前频次明显增加,南北反位相分布型出现比重增大,且南北差异愈发明显。太平洋海温(I_(sst))和北极海冰(I_(ice))关键区指标的协同(符号一致)和拮抗(符号相反)作用,造成乌拉尔山、贝加尔湖及鄂霍茨克海附近的位势高度异常,使得冷空气影响路径以及水汽输送位置不同。当I_(sst)和I_(ice)同为正时,宁夏汛期容易出现“南涝北旱”分布型,主要以南区偏多、北区偏少和南区偏多程度大于北区为主;当I_(sst)为正、I_(ice)为负时,容易出现“北涝南旱”分布型,尤其以北区偏多、南区偏少为主;当I_(sst)和I_(ice)同为负时,容易出现“北涝南旱”分布型,以北区偏多、南区偏少和北区偏少程度小于南区为主;当I_(sst)为负、I_(ice)为正时,以南区、北区均偏少为主。

雅鲁藏布江大峡谷则隆弄高位冰岩崩灾害链动力学特征

雅鲁藏布江下游冰川分布广泛,曾发生多次高位冰岩崩事件,引发灾害链,如泥石流或碎屑流,危害巨大。本文通过野外现场调查,结合多时相卫星图像及无人机数据,以则隆弄沟为例,分析了高位灾害的地貌特征及运动动力学效应。研究表明:(1)则隆弄沟高位灾害垂向落差大,不同海拔区段微地貌形态各有差异,具有典型的垂直分带性,根据地貌展布特征及形态可划分为高陡冰蚀地形、弯曲型沟谷地形、堆积河谷地形,独特的地貌条件和地质环境使高位灾害与中低海拔地区有显著区别。(2)高位冰岩崩灾害链经历冰岩崩、碎屑流运动、堆积堵江、洪水溃决4个阶段,形成高位远程地质灾害链,运动过程中表现出复杂的动力学效应,包括冲击解体效应、散体成拱效应、动力侵蚀效应、碎屑堆积效应,为研究碎颗粒流动行为及动力学过程提供信息。(3)则隆弄冰舌处冰碛物富集,冰舌前缘及后缘分布有大量裂缝,随时间推移内部裂纹扩展累积,应力拱承载力下降而破坏致灾。未来在气候变化及强烈的构造活动影响下,雅鲁藏布江下游高位冰岩崩灾害风险极高,引发次生堵江-洪水灾害危害极大,应加强这类流域性灾害的预警及风险防范。

淋巴瘤二线化疗方案GDP和ICE的疗效观察

目的探讨GDP和ICE作为二线方案治疗淋巴瘤的效果及不良反应耐受性。方法选取30例淋巴瘤患者应用GDP化疗方案,另选取同时期的30例患者采用ICE化疗方案,对比两组病例的临床疗效。结果 GDP组30例病例中,完全缓解12例(40%),部分缓解8例(26.7%),总有效率66.7%。ICE组30例病例中,完全缓解9例(30%),部分缓解9例(30.0%),总有效率60%。两组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论淋巴瘤二线化疗方案中GDP和ICE的疗效相当,但GDP化疗方案的心脏毒副作用轻,更适合老年人及合并心脏病的患者。

智能IC卡系统在机电井灌溉中的应用及影响

针对IC卡系统在机电井灌溉中的应用状况及应用后产生的影响和存在的主要问题 ,通过对辽宁省沈阳市的调查研究 ,指出IC卡系统的应用不仅可以减少地下水资源的浪费 ,而且可以促进电费的回收 ,减少农户的灌溉成本 ,因此将成为有效管理地下水资源的一个重要方式。同时也指出该系统在应用中存在的问题 。