Modeling for driving systems of four-high rolling mill

A modeling method for driving systems of four high rolling mill was put forward in order to analyze the origin of rolling mill’s chatter that brings about light and shade streaks on the surface of steel strip from aspect of electromechanical coupling. The process and steps of modeling method was introduced by means of an example. The correctness of the model and the feasibility of the modeling method were verified in simulation experiment.

Analysis and Control over Noises in Main Driving System of XK-736-type NC Miller

Some concrete methods are suggested in the article to control noises in main driving system of XK-736-type NC miller by analyzing working conditions of gears in the main driving system and bearings in the spindle gearshift system. Without changing the original design, noises are reduced ideally by modifying gear top, and by controlling the profile error ; the central distance of meshing gear, the quality of the inner and outer rings of bearings ; and the fit accuracy among bearing, hole and axis. The results may provide a reference for diagnosing and maintaining in future use.

SINAMICS—the high efficiency drive technology for rolling mills

In the Metals Industry,interruption-free processes to produce high-quality end products are a prerequisite. The main drives together with the mill stands play a key role in the success of rolling mills.The crucial demands placed on the drive system are:high-dynamic performance of drive and its control system,ability to handle the process related overloads,smooth running,high availability,high efficiency,easy serviceability and ability to integrate seamlessly with the automation systems.With numerous reference installations and many years of experience Siemens VAI has the wider expertise and the portfolio to provide the right drive for every application. This paper examines the latest innovation,SINAMICS drive technology,for both new drive applications as well as for modernizing the existing drives in rolling mill applications like hot strips mills,plate mills,cold rolling mills,and long rolling mills.

Torsional self-excited vibration of rolling mill

The roller’s torsional self excited vibration caused by roller stick slip, and its influence on strip surface quality have been studied. Based on analysis of roller working surface stick slip, roller rotation dynamics equations have been established. The nonlinear sliding frictional resistance has been linearized, and dynamics equations have been solved according to the characteristics of stick and slip between roller and strip. The results show that: 1) with decreasing stick time t 1, torsional vibration wave pattern gradually transforms from serration into sinusoid, and frictional self excited vibration can cover all frequency components which are lower than that of free vibration; 2) stick time t 1 is directly proportional to torque increment Δ M R , and is inversely proportional to live shaft stiffness K and drive shaft rotational velocity ω ; 3) when slip time t 2 is basically steady, the longer the stick time, the larger the energy that system absorbs and discharges. As the slip time is a constant, it easily arouses strip surface shear impact and surface streaks.

Nonlinear Dynamics of Torsional Vibration for Rolling Mill′s Main Drive System Under Parametric Excitation

The jointed shaft in the drivelines of the rolling mill, with its angle continuously varying in the production, has obvious impact on the stability of the main drive system. Considering the effect caused by the joint angle and friction force of roller gap, the nonlinear vibration model of the main drive system which contains parametric excitation stiffness and nonlinear friction damping was established. The amplitude-frequency characteristic equation and bifurcation response equation were obtained by using the method of multiple scales. Depending on the bifurcation response equation, the transition set and the topology structure of bifurcation curve of the system were obtained by using the singularity theory. The transition set can separate the system into seven areas, which has different bifurcation forms respectively. By taking the 1 780 rolling mill of Chengde Steel Co for example, the simulation and analysis were performed. The amplitude-frequency curves under different joint angles, damping coefficients, and nonlinear stiffness were given. The variations of these parameters have strong influences on the stability of electromechanical resonances and the characteristic of the response curves. The best angle of the jointed shaft is 4.761 3° in this rolling mill.

Optimal Design of a Main Driving Mechanism for Servo Punch Press Based on Performance Atlases

The servomotor drive turret punch press is attracting more attentions and being developed more intensively due to the advantages of high speed,high accuracy,high flexibility,high productivity,low noise,cleaning and energy saving.To effectively improve the performance and lower the cost,it is necessary to develop new mechanisms and establish corresponding optimal design method with uniform performance indices.A new patented main driving mechanism and a new optimal design method are proposed.In the optimal design,the performance indices,i.e.,the local motion/force transmission indices ITI,OTI,good transmission workspace good transmission workspace(GTW) and the global transmission indices GTIs are defined.The non-dimensional normalization method is used to get all feasible solutions in dimensional synthesis.Thereafter,the performance atlases,which can present all possible design solutions,are depicted.As a result,the feasible solution of the mechanism with good motion/force transmission performance is obtained.And the solution can be flexibly adjusted by designer according to the practical design requirements.The proposed mechanism is original,and the presented design method provides a feasible solution to the optimal design of the main driving mechanism for servo punch press.

The development of real time data driving multi-axis linkage and synergic movement control system of 3D variable cross-section roll forming machine

The three dimensional variable cross-section roll forming is a kind of new metal forming technol- ogy which combines large forming force, multi-axis linkage movement and space synergic movement, and the sequential synergic movement of the ganged roller group is used to complete the metal sheet forming according to the shape of the complicated and variable forming part data. The control system should meet the demands of quick response to the test requirements of the product part. A new kind of real time data driving multi-axis linkage and synergic movement control strategy of 3D roll forming is put forward in the paper. In the new control strategy, the forming data are automatically generated according to the shape of the parts, and the multi-axis linkage movement together with cooperative motion among the six stands of the 3D roll forming machine is driven by the real-time information, and the control nodes are also driven by the forming data. The new control strategy is applied to a 48 axis 3D roll forming machine developed by our research center, and the control servo period is less than 10ms. A forming experiment of variable cross section part is carried out, and the forming preci- sion is better than ＋ 0.5mm by the control strategy. The result of the experiment proves that the control strategy has significant potentiality for the development of 3D roll forming production line with large scale, multi-axis ganged and svner^ic movement

Dynamics of rolling mill drive system considering arc tooth gear dynamic characteristics

The arc tooth gear spindle (ATGS) is the key structure of the drive system of hot finishing rolling mills. To investigate the dynamic characteristics of ATGS of the drive system of hot finishing rolling mills, a dynamic mechanical model of ATGS was established. The influences of dynamic displacement and dynamic torque on dynamic load (meshing force, additional torque and friction torque) were studied during the non-steady-state operation of ATGS. On this basis, a dynamic model of rolling mill drive system was established considering the arc tooth gear dynamic characteristics. The dynamic response of the drive system was simulated and analyzed. The results showed that the nonlinear characteristics of ATGS were obvious;the meshing force (PX and PZ) could restrain the increase in dynamic displacement, which reflected the positive stiffness of ATGS;there was a coupling among the vertical, horizontal and torsional directions in the drive system model considering the dynamic characteristics of the arc tooth gear;the vibration intensity of ATGS in the horizontal direction is greater than that in the vertical direction when the self-excited torsional vibration happens;the greater the axial inclination angle was, the more complex the vibration mode was, and the lower the stability of the drive system was.

Extended-state-observer-based robust torsional vibration suppression for rolling mill main drive system with input saturation

A robust torsional vibration suppression strategy is proposed for the main drive system of the rolling mill subject to uncertainties,disturbances and input saturation.With given model information incorporated into observer design,an extended state observer that relies only on roller speed measurements is developed to estimate the system states and lumped uncertainties of the rolling mill main drive system.To handle the motor torque saturation,an auxiliary signal system with the same order as the plant is constructed.The error between the control input and plant input is taken as the input of the constructed auxiliary system,and a number of signals are generated to compensate for the effect of the motor torque saturation.Furthermore,a robust output feedback controller is introduced to obtain better transient and steady-state performance of the rolling mill main drive system and the stability of the closed-loop system is strictly proved via Lyapunov theory.Finally,comparative simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy.

基于Widrow-Hoff算法的轧机单独传动系统同步控制

为了提高轧机单独传动系统中电机同步速度的精度,提出了基于Widrow-Hoff学习算法的交叉耦合同步控制策略。该策略将速度同步误差输入到同步控制器中,通过权值的变化规律调整权值,直至达到性能指标的要求。由仿真结果可以看出:与PI并行加补偿同步控制系统、PI交叉耦合同步控制系统相比,该方案的抗干扰能力最强,跟踪响应速度最快,同步精度最高,达到速度同步的时间最短,而且速度同步误差小于0.0001 rad/s。

The Roll Stability Analysis of Semi-Trailer Based on the Wheel Force

It is different for the liquid tank semi-trailer to keep roll stability during turning or emergency voidance,and that may cause serious accidents.Although the scholars did lots of research about the roll stability of liquid tank semi-trailer in theory by calculating and simulation,how to make an effective early warning of rollover is still unsolved in practice.The reasons include the complex driving condition and the difficulty of the vehicle parameter obtaining.The feasible method used currently is evaluating the roll stability of a liquid tank semi-trailer by the lateral acceleration or the attitude of the vehicle.Unfortunately,the lateral acceleration is more useful for sideslip rather than rollover,and the attitude is a kind of posterior way,which means it is hard to take measures to cope with the rollover accident when the attitude exceeds the safety threshold.Considering the movement of the vehicle is totally caused by the wheel force,the rollover could also be predicted by the changing of the wheel force.Therefore,in this paper,we developed a method to analyze the roll stability by the vertical wheel force.A thorough experiment environment is established,and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in real driving conditions.

Theoretical and Practical Studies of Determining the Force of the Lifting-Lowering of the Roll Box

The lifting and lowering mechanism of the roll box of the saw gin, being an integral part of the ginning process, is used when starting the electric motor of the saw cylinder until its rated speed is reached to prevent an increase in the load current on it, as well as to start the ginning process. The article defines the kinematics of the movement, and also studies the regularity of the movement of the roll box of the saw gin when lifting it with the help of a pneumatic drive. The kinematics of the roll box movement was determined through experimental studies. Knowing the equation of motion, using the second-order Lagrange equation, the regularity of the change in the lifting force of the roll box was determined. Here the system is closed, its degree of freedom is equal to one. The angle of rotation of the roll box is taken as a generalized coordinate. Numerical results were obtained using the Matlab software environment. The theoretical analysis and graphs for determining the lifting force of the roll box are presented. To study the kinematics of lifting the roll box, a method and a test bench have been developed. According to him, when the roll box was raised, its movement was recorded on video, the image was processed using the After Effect and CorelDraw programs, and the movement of the rod attachment point to the roll box was determined. And also the equation for changing the angle of rotation of the roll box is determined using the Matlab Curve Fiting program.

Tier Ⅲ and Ⅳ cities Will Be the Main Driving Forces for Future E-business

Recently,the China E-Business Research Center(100EC.CN)released the'2015 Monitoring Report of China E-business Market'.The report says that the China E-business transaction volume amounted to 18.3 trillion yuan in 2015,up by 36.5%from a year ago,and marking an increase of 5.1 percentage points in growth rate.Meanwhile,the B2B E-business trade value totaled 13.9 trillion yuan,up

The main force driving forwards Chinese luxury market

It was during the weekend that Miss Wu lover a shop selling the luxury brand Louis VThrough the window, she could indulged in the filled with all kinds of handbags, dustcoats anheels-all she yearned for. But she tarried on thand found herself embarrassed to enter.

农业保险发展区域差异研究——基于主体动力分析的视角

鉴于我国农业保险存在着明显的区域间发展“不平衡不充分”问题,文章基于农业保险各主体(农民、保险公司、地方政府)动力的视角,从宏观层面出发,以省为区域,对影响各主体动力的多种因素和农业保险发展水平之间的关系进行了实证考察。结果发现,影响地区农业保险发展水平的主要因素有农民的收入结构、地方财政负担、历史赔付率、专业农业保险公司市场占有率、新型农业经营主体占比等。据此,针对农业保险发展水平相对落后的地区,从优化补贴结构、增加补贴种类、减轻县级财政负担、增设专业农业保险公司、差异化供给等角度提出政策建议。

基于主要驱动因子筛选法和深度学习算法的浙江省动态需水量预测

收集了浙江省2000—2020年各用水行业需水量数据,采用基于Spearman秩相关分析的主要驱动因子筛选法筛选了影响各行业需水量的主要驱动因子,进而构造了改进的长短时记忆(LSTM)神经网络需水量预测模型,对各行业需水量进行动态滚动预测,并将改进LSTM模型的预测结果与传统单变量LSTM预测模型、卷积神经网络模型、支持向量回归模型的预测结果进行了对比。结果表明,基于主要驱动因子筛选法改进的LSTM模型能实时动态滚动预测各行业每年需水量,且预测结果精度高于其他3种模型。

珠江流域地域主体功能时空演化特征及驱动机制

为构建珠江流域高质量国土空间格局,推动上-中-下游协调发展。文章以主体功能区战略为切入视角,运用交叉转换矩阵和多尺度地理加权回归模型,对1990—2020年珠江流域“三区空间”演化特征与驱动机制进行分析。结果表明:1)近30年间珠江流域城镇空间剧烈扩张,生态空间微增,但农业空间大量减少,上-中-下游“三区空间”演化空间差异显著;全域农业空间面积大幅减少,主要在下游地区转换为城镇空间,在上、中游地区恢复为生态空间;2)不同主体功能区中,城市化地区城镇空间增长最为剧烈,生态功能区生态空间恢复显著,农产品主产区农业空间大量减少;3)珠江流域“三区空间”演化受社会经济要素、自然地理要素和道路交通要素的共同驱动,不同驱动因子对于不同类型空间演化的作用强度存在明显差异,其中,产业发展大幅推动了城镇空间的扩张,而生态环境保护政策有力地推动重点生态区地生态空间恢复。

盾构机主驱动单唇形密封圈密封性能研究

以典型工况下盾构机主驱动单唇形密封圈为研究对象,利用单轴拉伸试验得到密封圈丁腈橡胶材料的应力-应变曲线,确定Yeoh三阶模型的材料参数;建立单唇形密封圈的二维轴对称有限元模型,研究介质压力、压差、摩擦因数和温度对其密封性能的影响规律。研究表明:介质压力主要影响最大接触应力,随着介质压力的增加,最大接触应力呈线性增加;介质压差主要影响最大接触应力和接触长度,随着介质压差的增加,最大接触应力先线性增加然后基本保持不变,而接触长度呈非线性增加;温度变化对密封性能的影响可以忽略;在考虑的工况条件下,单唇形密封圈唇口与旋转轴接触处产生的最大接触应力始终大于介质压力,密封性能良好。

4.5MW风电机组主轴轴承试验平台

长寿命、高可靠性、高维护成本等要求阻碍了国产风电机组主轴轴承的批量化应用,为更好地模拟主轴轴承的受力情况,根据某型4.5 MW风电机组主轴轴承的服役工况确定了试验平台的功能需求并进行实现原理分析,设计开发了驱动系统、试验主体系统、加载系统、电控系统等组件并成功搭建风电机组主轴轴承试验平台,结果表明该试验平台能够满足转速、载荷、温度、振动等参数的监测,可用于主轴轴承的性能及寿命试验,为风电机组主轴轴承的国产化应用提供考核平台。

小型凹槽环件复合环轧成形数值模拟

采用一种立式复合环轧工艺制造了小型凹糟环件,用Simufact有限元软件模拟了小型凹槽环件的环轧成形过程,并在D51环轧机上进行了验证。数值模拟结果揭示了环轧成形过程中几何、应变和温度等成形因素的分布和演化规律。为研究不同主动辊形状对环轧成形的影响,采用不同夹角的主动辊进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明,25.4°的主动辊夹角能产生更大的轧制力和内部塑性应变,但是容易产生椭圆缺陷和模具填充不满,因此选取适中的角度能保证工件的环轧质量。通过对比空转轧制前后的数值模拟结果发现,空转轧制可以显著改善椭圆缺陷,提高环件尺寸的均匀性。