Technical Efficiency of Corn Production in Main Producing Region in China Based on DEA-Tobit

The Panel Data of corn production in 11 provinces are analyzed, such as Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei and Sichuan. Based on the CRS, VRS and Malmquist exponential models of DEA, technical efficiency of corn production is measured in main producing region by DEA-Tobit. And its influencing factors are analyzed. Result shows that corn production in main producing areas is mainly scale inefficiency and is at the stage of decreasing returns to scale. Pure technical efficiency of corn production is effective in most main producing regions. Total Factor Productivity of corn production is improved in main producing regions, because the speed of technical progress is greater than the speed of efficiency reduction. In the years 1998-2008, corn production in main producing regions is rational in structure and is not affected by the natural disasters.

Regional homogeneity of intrinsic brain activity related to the main alexithymia dimensions

Background Alexithymia is a multidimensional personality construct.Objective This study aims to investigate the neuronal correlates of each alexithymia dimension by examining the regional homogeneity(ReHo) of intrinsic brain activity in a resting situation.Methods From university freshmen, students with alexithymia and non-alexlthymia were recruited. Their alexithymic traits were assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. The ReHo was examined using a resting-state functional MRI approach.Results This study suggests significant gro叩 differences in ReHo in multiple brain regions distributed in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe and insular cortex. However, only the ReHo in the insula was positively associated with difficulty identifying feelings, a main dimension of alexithymia. The ReHo in the lingual gyrus,precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus was positively associated with difficulty describing feelings in participants with alexithymia. Lastly, the ReHo in the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex(DMPFC_R) was negatively related to the externally oriented thinking style of participants with alexithymia.Conclusion In conclusion, these results suggest that the main dimensions of alexithymia are correlated with specific brain regions' function, and the role of the insula,lingual gyrus, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus and DMPFC_R in the neuropathology of alexithymia should be further investigated.

Study of the geomagnetic field's regional gradients in Chinese continent using three-dimensional surface Spline model

We combined domestic ground-based and satellite magnetic measurements to create a regional three-dimensional surface Spline(3DSS)gradient model of the main geomagnetic field over the Chinese continent.To improve the precision of the model,we considered the data gap between the ground and satellite data.We compared and analyzed the results of the Taylor polynomial,surface Spline,and CHAOS-6(the CHAMP,?rsted and SAC-C model of Earth’s magnetic field)gradient models.Results showed that the gradients in the south-north and east-west directions of the four models were consistent.The 3DSS model was able to express not only gradients at different altitudes,but also average gradients inside the research area.The two Spline models were able to capture more information on gradient anomalies than were the fitted models.Strong local anomalies were observed in northern Xinjiang,Beijing,and the junction area between Jiangsu and Zhejiang,and the total intensity F decreased whereas the altitude increased.The gradient decreased by 21.69%in the south-north direction and increased by 11.78%in the east-west direction.In addition,the altitude gradient turned from negative to positive while the altitude increased.The Spline model and the two fitted models differed mainly in the field sources they expressed and the modeling theory.

滇中地区主要森林凋落物有效截留量及其影响因素

[目的]研究滇中地区主要森林类型凋落物有效截留量差异及其影响因素,为该地未来植被恢复和森林管理提供科学支撑。[方法]利用样方调查法、烘干法和浸泡法分析了昆明市双河—磨南德水源林自然保护区内的地带性次生常绿阔叶林(SF)、针阔混交林(TF)、旱冬瓜林(ACF)、华山松林(PA)、成熟云南松林(OPY)、幼龄云南松林(YPY)、银荆林(AD)7种主要森林类型凋落物未分解层(OL)和半分解层(OF)的有效截留量及其影响因素。[结果](1) 7种森林类型凋落物厚度为2.06~7.57 cm,其中OL层1.10~4.30 cm, OF层0.83~3.93 cm,凋落物层厚度排序为TF>ACF>PA>OPY>SF>AD>YPY,凋落物蓄积量为4.75~17.45 t/hm^(2),其中OL层占比为32.02%~62.48%,OF层占比为37.52%~67.98%,凋落物层蓄积量排序为TF>PA>SF>OPY>ACF>AD>YPY。(2)凋落物最大持水率为115.3%~170.7%,初始吸水速率为3.65~5.62 g/(g·h),凋落物持水率和浸水时间的关系可用对数函数y=aln(x)+b表示,吸水速率与浸水时间可用幂函数y=kt~n表示。(3)凋落物最大持水量为7.05~32.19 t/hm^(2),排序为PA>TF>SF>OPY>ACF>AD>YPY,有效截留量为5.45~25.34 t/hm^(2),以TF最高(25.34t/hm^(2)),PA(24.99 t/hm^(2))和SF(24.62 t/hm^(2))次之,YPY最低(5.45t/hm^(2)),影响有效截留量的场地特征主要为蓄积量、自然含水率、分解强度以及厚度,影响有效截留量的水动力过程主要是最大失水量、前6.0 h平均吸水速率和前2.0 h平均吸水速率。[结论]滇中地区未来植树造林应以针阔混交林为主,注重对地带性次生常绿阔叶林的保育,采取辅助自然更新的措施促进人工纯林向混交林演化,同时减少踩踏、收集凋落物等人类活动的干扰,从而增加森林生态系统凋落物的水源涵养能力。

川中蓬莱气区龙王庙组储层特征及其与磨溪—高石梯地区对比

川中蓬莱气区下寒武统龙王庙组钻遇良好碳酸盐岩储层,天然气显示好,成为继川中地区安岳大气田后龙王庙组重点勘探区之一,但储层发育规律不明制约了勘探部署。基于最新的钻井及分析测试等资料,系统分析了蓬莱气区龙王庙组储层特征及主控因素。研究认为,蓬莱气区龙王庙组具有陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积背景,储层主要分布在龙王庙组中上部;储集岩石类型主要为(残余)颗粒白云岩和结晶白云岩;储集空间类型主要为粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、晶间溶孔及微裂缝;以低孔低渗储层为主,储层厚度主要介于10~42 m之间。储层发育受控于层序地层、岩性及成岩作用等,进积型准层序组和准层序中上部的(残余)颗粒白云岩和结晶白云岩是储层发育主要部位,大气淡水溶蚀、油气溶蚀作用及破裂作用是核心建设性成岩作用。对比安岳大气田主体区磨溪—高石梯地区,认为储层主控因素相近,主要受颗粒白云岩、溶蚀作用、破裂作用等控制,但蓬莱气区龙王庙组储层具有灰质含量高、陆源碎屑含量多、准同生期暴露弱等特点,寻找准同生期暴露的高能颗粒白云岩和细晶白云岩及表生岩溶改造的白云岩是蓬莱气区重点关注的储层目标。

CGGM全球地磁场模型和新疆地区台站主磁场逐月变化的一致性分析

对2018年8月—2022年7月新疆地区的5个地磁台站的观测数据进行剔除外源变化磁场的处理,同CGGM全球地磁场模型的主磁场计算值进行一致性分析。结果表明:①台站观测的月变化速率观测值要略大于模型计算值,磁偏角D、磁倾角I的最大月变化速率差为0.08688′,其它5个要素中最大月变化速率差仅为0.8914 nT。②CGGM模型和IGRF13模型计算值F值的均方根误差相差26.7 nT,随着“张衡一号”地震电磁卫星数据的增多,CGGM模型的计算精度还会进一步提升。③台站观测和模型计算的逐月变化量偏差很小,表明CGGM模型计算值和台站观测值有较好的一致性。④通过提取静日子夜均值的方法并不能够完全剔除外源场的影响,台站观测逐月变化量中会有几个nT的剩余磁场叠加其中,导致了台站观测值和模型计算值逐月变化差值的离散程度略为增大。⑤后验比较分析表明,CGGM模型的长期变化主磁场预测值和台站观测值之间一致性较好,可以很好地描述主磁场的长期变化。

我国乡村老龄化现状及其对粮食生产的影响与应对

根据2020年最新人口普查数据,我国乡村老龄化率为17.72%,先于城市步入中度老龄化社会。我国乡村老龄化整体呈现出老年抚养比增速快、低龄老人务农比例高等特征,与国际主要发达国家相比我国乡村老龄人口就业占比相对较高。分区域看,粮食主产区乡村老龄化增幅更多、老年抚养比更重、老龄就业比重更高;全国乡村老年抚养比28.13%,但粮食主产省份达31.28%。通过定性梳理乡村老龄化对农户参与粮食种植及其粮食生产行为效率等的影响,提出积极应对乡村老龄化、保障粮食安全的思路与对策建议。

云南普洱地区南传佛寺殿堂建构的异同特征分析

位于云南普洱地区的南传佛寺,地理区位夹在西双版纳与临沧两个地州之间,地理维度要比临沧地区更偏南偏低一些。在长期的发展过程中,因受到其周边地区傣泰文化和汉文化不同程度的影响,普洱地区的南传佛寺呈现出由南向北、从传统的傣泐风格向汉式风格逐渐过渡转化的趋势,大致形成景迈型、孟连型和景谷型三种典型的佛寺殿堂形态特点。本论文以这三种典型案例为例,进行系统的对比分析,并与西双版纳和临沧两地的南传佛寺殿堂相比较,以期展示出普洱地区南传佛寺存在的诸多异同特征,同时反映普洱地区南传佛寺在一些建筑空间形态与局部装饰构造处理方面的独特建构技艺,给读者呈现出南传佛寺殿堂建筑所具有的不同类型风格、地域特征及其成因。

The changing regional distribution of grain production in China in the 21st century

This paper examines the changing regional distribution of grain production in China. Based on the analysis of data from county statistics for the period 2000-2003, major differences in the main grain-output regions in China can be observed. The main grain-producing areas have shifted from the south to the north of China. New grain production regions have been also added to westem China since the late 1990s. The per capita grain consumption in one third of China＇s main grain-producing counties has fallen below 400 kg; most of these areas are located in southern China. In the new millennium, Northeast China, the central-south North China, and the add and semi-arid regions of Northwest China produced three quarters of the surplus grains. Most of these areas are located in regions susceptible to environmental change. The amount of grain production in these regions shows high fluctuations. It is argued here that fi.trther studies of recent environmental changes as well as a risk assessment of China＇s food security in main grain-output regions are needed.

基于GBDT的望奎县农田土壤有机碳主控因子研究

利用多源公开数据,针对于2012年搜集到的农田土壤有机碳(SOC)数据,通过梯度增强决策树(GBDT)探究SOC的主控因子,揭示SOC空间分异机理.选择国家商品粮食生产基地县和全国产量大县-望奎县作为研究区域,结果表明,GBDT模型相较于一元线性回归模型在所有的自变量上均具有更好的预测效果,总体的R^(2)为0.958,表明该模型能够很好地解释目标变量的变异;碱解氮、有效磷、气温、土壤微生物多样性、速效钾、土壤pH和降水量依次是影响有机碳含量最为显著的几个因素,其中碱解氮以33.85%的影响权重位居最高;7个环境协变量均观察到对SOC的阈值效应,且均具有两个阈值.研究发现任意两个变量都不是独立的,均存在相互作用的负值效应.表明环境变量对SOC含量的影响是一个复杂的交互作用,而不是简单的叠加.侧面证明了过度施肥并不会达到增加土壤肥力的作用,而会造成资源浪费和农田生态污染问题.

长江中下游粮食主产区耕地面源污染时空分异特征

为揭示长江中下游粮食主产区耕地面源污染时空规律,利用长江中下游粮食主产区58个市(州、区)统计数据,采用空间分析模型、重心模型、冷热点分析等方法分析了2009—2019年长江中下游粮食主产区耕地面源污染时空分异特征。结果表明:长江中下游流域整体以及赣湘鄂皖4省2009—2019年耕地面源污染总量和强度总体均呈现出“先升后降”的变化趋势,其中湖北省的耕地面源污染强度与总量均位于前列。2009—2019年耕地面源污染强度总体表现为“西高东低”的空间分布特征,其中江西省整体上一直保持为低污染强度,湖北省则为高污染强度聚集区。长江中下游粮食主产区耕地面源污染强度重心变化呈现出“区间震荡”的规律,且长江中下游粮食主产区耕地面源污染强度重心迁移呈现明显的阶段特征。2009—2019年长江中下游粮食主产区耕地面源污染强度呈现出明显的空间聚集态势,总体表现为“东冷西热”的空间分布格局。因此,长江流域中游段特别是湖北省和湖南省是未来进一步推进耕地面源污染防治的重点区域,要统筹好国家粮食安全和耕地生态安全双重目标。

云南昭通苹果主产区桔小实蝇成虫消长规律研究

为明确昭通市苹果园桔小实蝇成虫田间种群动态,采用Steiner诱捕器内添加甲基丁香酚引诱剂的方法,2020—2022年在昭通市昭阳区守望乡、永丰镇、苏家院镇苹果园中对桔小实蝇发生数量进行连续监测。结果表明,在昭阳区苹果园内,桔小实蝇呈季节性发生,当年12月中旬至翌年4月未诱捕到成虫,5—7月种群处于较低水平,8—9月种群数量大幅上升并达到最高峰,10月后种群数量迅速下降,直至12月上旬种群数量降为0。8—9月是昭阳区苹果园桔小实蝇的主要发生期,也是桔小实蝇防控的关键时期。

Cropland Contribution Index Based on the Regional Cropland-Grain-Population Relationship

In order to reveal the attribute clearly and to understand the situation of the regional cropland-grain-population relationship,this paper presents the "cropland contribution index" model,and divides the cropland contribution land index into four levels,that is below subsistence,subsistence,well-off,and richness.Then,it analyzes the whole China,13 main producing regions,11 grain balancing regions,and 7 main sales regions.Results show that the overall cropland contribution index presented a rising trend in 1949 to 2010,it once reached well-off level in 1996 to 1999,and it reached the well-off level again in 2010,but there is still a long way to reach the level of richness.The cropland contribution index is relatively high in main producing regions.In 2010,all main producing regions reached the well-off level,and some provinces even reached the richness level.However,the cropland contribution index of main sales regions is lower and takes on a downtrend,especially in Guangdong,Zhejiang,and Fujian provinces.The cropland contribution index in grain balancing regions is not high,and most provinces are still at subsistence level.Researches have indicated that the cropland contribution index can simply and rapidly reflect the relation between regional cropland,grain and population.

超越城乡的新型城镇化——理论框架、多重逻辑与实现路径

推进以人为核心的新型城镇化是“十四五”期间的重要战略任务。城乡地域空间是推进新型城镇化的物质基础和实践载体。当前,学术界未能构建一个整体性理论分析框架去系统阐释中国城镇化演进中的主体、制度和空间等多重逻辑的辩证互构。反思性借鉴日本地域社会学理论,构建中国新型城镇化实践的“主体—制度—空间”三位一体理论框架,并在此基础上,分别阐释新型城镇化实践的主体、制度与空间三重逻辑。从“经济人”与“社会人”良性互构角度构建迈向融合共享的新型城镇化实现路径。研究发现:中国在城乡融合发展进程中推进以人为核心的新型城镇化,既要聚焦“人”的多元属性和现实诉求,以及整体性嬗变的制度障碍和体制困境,也必须关注城镇化演进过程中不同地域构造模式及其社会秩序整合的空间逻辑。一方面要切实转换发展思路、升级动能模式,真正把“人”的多样性诉求和多元化利益摆在首要位置,积极运用赋权增能的方法,把城乡地域社会演化及其空间实践的权利真正赋予城镇化的主体;另一方面要通过赋权增能落实城乡融合发展及以人为核心的新型城镇化,在推进以人为核心的新型城镇化进程中,灵活运用空间融合理念,积极营造有利于培育普遍主义价值规范和形塑主体性行动体系的地域性社会生活共同体。

Investigation of star formation toward the Sharpless 155 H II region

We present a comprehensive study of star formation toward the H II re- gion Sharpless 155 （$155）. Star-formation activities therein were investigated based on multi-wavelength data from optical to the far-infrared. The surface density distri- bution of selected 2MASS sources toward S 155 indicates the existence of a compact cluster, which is spatially consistent with the position of the exciting source of the Htt region, HD 217086. A sample of more than 200 sources with excessive emission in the infrared were selected based on their 2MASS color indices. The spatial distri- bution of the sample sources reveals the existence of three young subclusters in this region, among which subcluster A is spatially coincident with the bright rim of the H II region. In addition, photometric data from the WISE survey were used to identify and classify young stellar objects （YSOs）. To further explore the evolutionary stages of the candidate YSOs, we fit the spectral energy distributions of 44 sources, which led to the identification of 14 Class I, 27 Class II and 3 Class Ⅲ YSOs. The spatial distribu- tion of the classified YSOs at different evolutionary stages presents a spatiotemporal gradient, which is consistent with a scenario of sequential star formation. On the other hand, Herschel PACS observations toward the interface between S 155 and the ambi- ent molecular cloud disclose an arc-shaped dust layer, the origin of which could be attributed to the UV dissipation from early type stars, e.g. HD 217061, in S155. Four dusty cores were revealed by the Herschel data, which hints at new generations of star formation.

基于模糊数学(Fuzzy)法的中国水稻土肥力质量近30年的时空变化特征

基于农业农村部在我国主要稻区的长期定位监测数据(1988—2017年),采用模糊数学(Fuzzy)法对水稻土肥力质量进行评价,并结合地统计学和机器学习,阐明我国水稻土肥力质量时空变化特征及其影响因素。近30 a来全国稻区土壤肥力质量呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05),从前期(1988—1999年)至中期(2000—2009年)和从中期至近期(2010—2017年),全国稻田土壤肥力指数(SFI)分别平均增加了6.9%和17.7%。各稻区SFI阶段性变化特征存在差异,西南和长江中游稻区呈前慢后快的显著上升趋势(P<0.05),华南和长江三角洲(长三角)稻区呈前快后稳的上升趋势,东北稻区呈前降后升的变化趋势。近期全国稻田SFI呈现北高南低、东高西低的分布特征,SFI超过全国平均值(0.61)的区域占50.2%。与中期相比较,近期全国稻区SFI总体呈上升趋势,SFI增加的区域占69.3%。各稻区在前期和中期(东北稻区的中期除外)均表现为土壤有机质和全氮影响SFI变化的相对重要性占比(19.4%~60.3%)远大于其他指标(0.1%~13.3%)。至近期,所有稻区各指标影响SFI变化的相对重要性占比差距缩小(7.4%~26.8%),土壤有效磷和速效钾及土壤pH(东北稻区pH除外)等指标的相对重要性增加,其中长江中游稻区土壤有效磷含量的相对重要性增至最大,但各稻区仍均以土壤全氮和有机质含量的相对重要性较大。综上,应综合考虑不同阶段和不同稻区土壤肥力质量时空差异特征及其关键肥力指标相对重要性的变化,针对性地优化施肥措施,防治水稻土酸化,以改善和提高水稻土肥力质量。

基于Mask R-CNN的柑橘主叶脉显微图像实例分割模型

针对目前植物解剖表型的测量与分析过程自动化低,难以应对复杂解剖表型的提取和识别的问题,以柑橘主叶脉为研究对象,提出了一种基于掩膜区域卷积神经网络(Mask region convolutional neural network,Mask R-CNN)的主叶脉显微图像实例分割模型,以残差网络ResNet50和特征金字塔(Feature pyramid network,FPN)为主干特征提取网络,在掩膜(Mask)分支上添加一个新的感兴趣区域对齐层(Region of interest Align,RoI-Align),提升Mask分支的分割精度。结果表明,该网络架构能够精准地对柑橘主叶脉横切面中的髓部、木质部、韧皮部和皮层细胞进行识别分割。Mask R-CNN模型对髓部、木质部、韧皮部和皮层细胞的分割平均精确率(交并比(IoU)为0.50)分别为98.9%、89.8%、95.7%和97.2%,对4个组织区域的分割平均精确率均值(IoU为0.50)为95.4%。与未在Mask分支添加RoI-Align的Mask R-CNN相比,精度提升1.6个百分点。研究结果表明,Mask R-CNN模型对柑橘主叶脉各类组织区域具有良好的识别分割效果,可为柑橘微观表型研究提供技术支持与研究基础。

湖北主要造林树种生态区划研究

利用湖北省主要造林树种杉木、南方型黑杨、湿地松和日本落叶松人工林的位置信息及气候、地形和土壤等42个环境因子数据,采用最大熵模型和ArcGIS软件开展4个树种生态栽培区划研究,探讨4个树种人工林的分布格局。结果表明:4个树种的MaxEnt模型预测AUC值为0.855~0.951,通过环境变量的筛选,模型预测精度提高0.23%~3.59%。生物气候因子和地形因子在4个树种适生区预测模型构建过程中累计贡献率达到85%以上,是影响树种分布的主要生态因子,其中海拔在湿地松、日本落叶松和南方型黑杨中的贡献率均排在首位,达到31.48%~47.80%。4个树种的生态区可分为最适宜区、较适宜区和不适宜区3个等级,分别绘制了各树种的适生地理分布图,并从整体上明确了这4个主要造林树种人工林的分布格局,即鄂西北、鄂西南和鄂东南地区适宜发展杉木人工林,鄂中江汉平原地区主要为南方型黑杨,鄂北和鄂东丘陵岗地主要为湿地松,鄂西亚高山区适宜发展日本落叶松人工林。

10kV线路首端负荷安全域边界的估算方法

10 kV线路的主线具有单端注入的母线功能,其末端容易出现低电压问题。将主线压降约束转变为出线负荷约束,可为安全运行与规划提供极大便利,故提出首端负荷安全域边界的估算方法。首先针对沿线众多的台区负荷,基于分段压降特征,提出主线压降快速估算的力矩法;然后将实际台区负荷分布,等效为沿线均衡分布附加若干重载点的特征形式,更加符合实际情况;最后基于力矩法得到线路首端负荷与压降的关系,进而得到首端负荷安全域边界的线性化方程。算例结果表明,力矩法的压降分析和安全域边界分析都能满足工程精度要求。基于首端负荷安全域边界可得到10 kV线路的承载裕度,便于负荷控制和配网滚动规划,具有较好的工程应用价值。

下扬子地区大隆组页岩孔隙发育特征及主控因素

为了研究下扬子地区二叠系大隆组页岩孔隙结构特征,联合扫描电镜、高压压汞、N_(2)/CO_(2)气体吸附实验手段对页岩储层孔隙结构进行了研究。结果表明,研究区二叠系大隆组页岩孔隙类型以有机质孔、粒间孔、粒内孔、溶蚀孔和微裂缝为主;孔隙结构为多峰态-多尺度孔隙并存,微孔-介孔-宏孔都有发育,各个尺度的孔隙对孔容都有所贡献,其中以0.75~1.5 nm的微孔、10~35 nm的介孔及大于100 nm的宏孔为主。通过拟合孔体积、比表面积与埋深、有机碳(TOC)、成熟度(R_(O))以及矿物含量的相关性发现,微孔表面积与埋深、TOC呈正相关;微介孔体积和表面积均与R_(O)呈负相关;宏孔体积与埋深、TOC、黏土矿物含量呈负相关,与R_(O)呈较正相关;宏孔表面积与埋深成正比,与R_(O)成反比。研究结果说明下扬子地区大隆组页岩孔隙发育主要受控于埋深、TOC、R_(O)、黏土矿物含量等因素。