Strong shock propagation for the finite-source circular blast in a confined domain

The circular explosion wave produced by the abrupt discharge of gas from a high-temperature heat source serves as a crucial model for addressing explosion phenomena in compressible flow.The reflection of the primary shock and its propagation within a confined domain are studied both theoretically and numerically in this research.Under the assumption of strong shock,the scaling law governing propagation of the main shock is proposed.The dimensionless frequency of reflected shock propagation is associated with the confined distance.The numerical simulation for the circular explosion problem in a confined domain is performed for validation.Under the influence of confinement,the principal shock wave systematically undergoes reflection within the domain until it weakens,leading to the non-monotonic attenuation of kinetic energy in the explosion fireball and periodic oscillations of the fireball volume with a certain frequency.The simulation results indicate that the frequency of kinetic energy attenuation and the volume oscillation of the explosive fireball align consistently with the scaling law.

Analysis of Dry-Wet Climate Change Characteristics and Main Influencing Factors in Main Grain Producing Area of Tibet from 1980 to 2021

Based on the daily meteorological observation data of seven meteorological stations in southern Tibet from 1980 to 2021 (April-October), the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and influencing factors of aridity index ( AI ) in the growing season of major grain producing areas in Tibet were studied by using climate tendency rate, Mann-Kendal test, Morlet wavelet analysis, GIS hybrid interpolation method, Pearson correlation coefficient, contribution rate analysis and other methods. The results showed that the average AI in the main grain producing areas of Tibet was 1.7, which belonged to the semi-arid area, and the overall trend was decreasing (humidifying) (-0.036/10 a). The linear decreasing trend was different in different regions, and the area around Lhatse County was the most significant (-0.26/10 a). AI had no obvious abrupt change, and had long- and medium-term fluctuation characteristics of 24 years, 6 years. The spatial distribution was uneven, and had the characteristics of ‘shrinking arid area and expanding humid area . The contribution rates of the main climate influencing factors of AI varied in different regions. In general, the contribution rates after quantification was as follows: precipitation (34.9%)>relative humidity (28.4%)>sunshine (19.9%)>maximum temperature (12.4%).

Minimally Invasive Total Arterial Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Left Main Stem Disease

Objective: The aim was to show that Minimally Invasive total arterial revascularization for left main stem coronary artery disease, via a left anterior Mini thoracotomy using bilateral internal thoracic arteries is feasible, reproducible and safe. Further, there has been no exclusive data or experience with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting in left main stem disease. Methods: From April 2019 to March 2024, 41 patients with left main stem stenosis, left main equivalent disease and unprotected left main with triple vessel disease underwent off pump minimally invasive multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting using either in situ pedicled Bilateral Internal Thoracic arteries or Left and Right Internal Thoracic artery Y composite conduits at three centers. Bilateral Internal Thoracic arteries were harvested under direct vision. All patients had an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump inserted via the femoral artery prior to induction of anesthesia, to prevent any hemodynamic instability, arrhythmias, and was removed following completion of the procedure in the operating room without any complications. Efficacy and outcomes were evaluated by i) Primary (MACCE)-Major Adverse Cardiac and Cardiovascular events and ii) Secondary outcome measures including total length of stay, return to full physical activity and quality of life. Mean follow-up was 1.4 years (Maximum was 2.5 years). Results: 41 patients with left main stem coronary artery stenosis, underwent total arterial revascularization using bilateral internal thoracic arteries. Left main stem stenosis was present in 29 patients, Unprotected left main stem stenosis with triple vessel disease in 7 and left main equivalence in 5 patients. In this cohort, 29 patients with only left main stem stenosis had 2 grafts each, 7 patients with left main and triple vessel disease had 3 grafts and 5 patients with left main equivalent disease had 2 grafts respectively. The average number of grafts was 2.2. One patient was converted to open sternotomy as an emergency because of hemodynamic instability and myocardial revascularization was done on cardiopulmonary bypass (2.2%). The average hospital stay was 3.7 days. Ejection fraction was 45% ± 5%. There was one mortality (2.2%) but no major morbidity. The average ICU and hospital stay was 24 ± 4 hours and 3.7 days. All patients were free from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at follow-up. Conclusions: Multivessel total arterial revascularization using left and right internal thoracic arteries, was performed via a left anterior Mini thoracotomy on patients with left main stem disease and showed that it was safe, reproducible and will help extend the armamentarium of the surgeon in minimally invasive Coronary artery bypass grafting. Concomitantly it helped enhance the potential for shorter hospital stay, increased survival, decreased morbidity, and earlier return to full activity. Furthermore, the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting in this high-risk group evaluated by primary and secondary outcome measures have been good in this study.

“Eternal Motion” as a “Form of Movement of a Special Nature” and the Main Condition for the Creation of the Universe

The article hypothesizes that DE and DM (UCM) are a “Form of Motion of a Special Nature”, where “Form of Motion” means “Eternal Motion” as the power of dynamics of different levels and varying degrees of self-sufficiency, and by “Special Nature”, gravitational and two other properties of matter, “tied” to the “Eternal Movement” and completely dependent on it. Carriers of key properties of a “Special Nature” have been established: “0”-DE particles and “3”-DM particles (UDM). The unity of their inherent “motionally-gravitational” properties and the peculiarity of the relationship between “motion” and “gravity” are revealed: the higher the intensity of “Eternal Motion”, the stronger the gravitational properties of matter are manifested (and vice versa). The relationship of “time” with the “vibration frequency” and the “mass” of photons with the “degree of bonding and deformation properties of the field” is shown. The maximum level of gravity has been determined, which allows Nature to successfully create the Universe: such a landmark is the proximity to the property of the Primary Source—the “pure graviton” of the OSP space, the most powerful “motionally-gravitational” particle of the Universe. The reasons for the emergence of such an identity of the gravitational properties of particles with the indicators of a “pure graviton” are established: for “0”-DE particles, this is the acquisition of the function of “freedom of movement”;for “3”-DM particles (UDM), the creation of a special structure—a “double field” (“Main” and “Small”). The presence in the “double field” of specific “tools” for the creation of the worlds of the Universe—gravitational “waves” gives rise to impulses (shocks) of varying intensity and shape. A list of functions performed by “waves” in the “Main” and “Small” fields has been compiled. The specific conditions for the formation of “UDM Streams”, their transformation into a “Vortex” and, under the influence of a powerful Initial Impulse (push), sending them to the “place” of the creation of galaxies, are shown. It is suggested that there is a “Cycle of Matter in Nature” in the closed structure of our Universe due to the “work” of “waves” and the functioning of special “factories” in the form of exotic space objects—Black holes.

Impact of coal gangue on the level of main trace elements in the shallow groundwater of a mine reclamation area

Coal gangue is the most used filling material during reclamation of areas suffering subsidence from min- ing. Main trace element levels (F, As, Hg, and Pb) in shallow groundwater in the reclamation area may be affected by leaching from the gangue. This can has an impact on the application of the water for agricul- tural irrigation or use as drinking water. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the effect coal gangue has on the shallow groundwater of a reclaimed area. We studied the effect of coal gangue on fluo- rine, arsenic, mercury, and lead levels in the shallow groundwater of a reclamation area by testing the water and the coal gangue. One well near the reclamation area was used as a control well and element levels in water from this well and from the soil next to the well were also measured. The results show that the levels of these elements are increasing in the reclamation area over time. The increase in fluorine, arsenic, mercury, and lead in monitor wells varies from 7.42% to 8.26%, from 7.13% to 7.90%, from 4.85% to 6.48%, and from 4.69% to 6.42%, respectively. Fluorine and arsenic levels are lower in monitor wells than in the control water. The other elements are found in greater concentration than in the control. The Nemerow index also indicates that the shallow groundwater in the reclamation area I is moderately affected by the back-filling coal gangue, while the shallow groundwater in the reclamation area II and III are slightly affected by the back-filling coal gangue. This shallow groundwater could be used for agri- cultural irrigation or for drinking.

Occurrence of the Main Seam of Shanxi Formation in Sanhejian Coal Mine

The Sanhejian Coal Mine, situated in the outer zone of Xuzhou-Shuzhou thrust nappe, is complicated not only in geological structure, but also in the variation of coal seam thickness. The mining layout and operation of the coal mine are greatly influenced by the uncertainty of variation in thickness of coal seams. Based on analyzing the data collected in geological exploration and mining activity, the variation of coal seam thickness is discussed in detail, and the correlation marks for coal seams are as-certained, which are of vital significance for coal-mining operation.

The main projects and development status of noise forecasting and controlling on working face in coal mine

Noise from the machine on coal working face seriously influenced the miners' physical and mental health, and also, due to the noise, there may be a major hidden danger in safety from accidents as all safety warning signals may be masked by the noise. This paper summarized the features of mine environmental noise on working face, such as the variety of noise sources, the continuity of high intensity and slow attenuation in narrow space, etc.The main projects about noise forecasting and controlling on working face was emphatically expounded;the development status about mines machinery noise mechanism and environmental noise acoustic characteristics of space-time of these main research topics were also introduced.

A comparative study of the main factors controlling geohazards induced by 10 strong earthquakes in Western China since the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008

Determining the main controlling factors of earthquake-triggered geohazards is a prerequisite for studying earthquake geohazards and post-disaster emergency response.By studying these factors,the geomorphic and geological factors controlling the nature,condition,and distribution of earthquake-induced geohazards can be analyzed.Such insights facilitate earthquake disaster prediction and emergency response planning.The authors combined field investigations and spatial data analysis to examine geohazards induced by seismic events,examining ten earthquakes including the Wenchuan,Yushu,Lushan events,to elucidate the main control factors of seismic geohazard.The authors observed that seismic geohazard occurrence is usually affected by many factors,among which active nature of the seismogenic fault,seismic peak ground acceleration(PGA),topographic slope and geomorphic height differences,and distance from the fault zone and river system are the most important.Compared with strike-slip earthquakes,thrust earthquakes induce more high-altitude and high-speed remote landslides,which can cause great harm.Slopes of 0°–40°are prone to secondary seismic geohazards,which are mainly concentrated 0–6 km from the river system.Secondary geohazards are not only related to seismogenic fault but also influenced by the associated faults in the earthquake area.The maximum seismic PGA and secondary seismic geohazard number are positively correlated,and the horizontal and vertical ground motions play leading and promoting roles in secondary geohazard formation,respectively.Through the research,the spatial distribution of seismic geohazards is predicted,providing a basis for the formulation of emergency response plans following disasters.

“Treat-Repair-Treat”:Management of Left Main Coronary Compression by a Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm in a Patient with Atrial Septal Defect and Significant Pulmonary Hypertension

Left main coronary compression syndrome(LMCS)may complicate pulmonary artery aneurysms(PAA),usually developed in the context of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).We report the case of a 51-year-old female patient with an atrial septal defect(unsuitable for device closure)complicated by a PAA generating a 90%left main stenosis.The significant PAH held us back from immediate surgery.After specific dual PAH-targeted therapy(sildenafil and bosentan),the atrial septal defect could be closed with a unidirectional valved patch;the PAAinduced LMCS was treated by reductive arterioplasty.The postoperative course was uneventful.Follow-up showed clinical improvement,but PAH treatment was still needed.After three months,coronary angiography showed only an insignificant residual left main stenosis,proving that reductive pulmonary arterioplasty was effective in treating LMCS.Any PAA requires further evaluation for LMCS,a dangerous but treatable complication.The“treat-repair-treat”strategy and shunt-closure with a unidirectional valved patch can both improve surgical prospects of LMCS with shunt-related PAH.

深井松软围岩煤巷采动增跨效应及防控技术

针对深井松软煤巷围岩变形严重、巷道支护困难等问题,以城郊煤矿LW21106工作面沿空巷道为工程背景,建立了采动巷道增跨模型,揭示了采动增跨效应演化机理。通过构建巷道顶板横纵弯曲梁模型,指出顶板横向受力、巷道等效跨度、煤岩强度是巷道围岩损伤破坏的主控因素,提出了采动增跨效应防控对策并进行工业性试验。研究结果表明:受采动影响,巷道经历“初始围岩稳定—围岩裂隙发育扩展—围岩剪切破坏加剧—等效跨度增加”过程;巷道顶板最大正应力与应力集中系数、顶板等效跨度、巷道断面尺寸及埋深成正相关关系;巷道顶板在高应力环境下易发生拉剪破坏,增加顶板锚索数量以及锚索预紧力有利于增强顶板初期完整性。基于巷道变形破坏主控因素,提出“围岩加固–卸压–强化支护”协同防控策略;针对现场条件,采用煤柱侧向切顶+注浆加固并对破碎区域补充锚索强化支护的防控技术。现场监测结果表明,煤柱帮最大移近量为18.89cm,顶板下沉量为25.86cm,两帮移近量为29.65 cm,有效控制了煤巷围岩变形,为深井松软围岩巷道变形控制提供了参考。

3-5岁儿童讲述故事的叙事能力发展研究

选取华东师范大学儿童语言研究中心zhou2语料库中的400名3-5岁学前儿童作为研究对象,运用国际叙事语言评估工具——MAIN(Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives)中《鸟》的故事作为研究材料进行数据收集,并使用MAIN从故事结构、结构复杂性、内部状态术语、故事理解四个方面,重点考察3-5岁学前儿童讲述故事的叙事能力,以及各要素的叙事水平是否存在年龄差异。结果表明:儿童叙事能力随年龄增长呈不均衡发展态势,且4-5岁为儿童叙事能力发展的转折期;儿童对故事各要素讲述能力的发展具有显著年龄差异;儿童故事理解能力各要素均处于较低发展水平。

小保当一号煤矿特大型智能主运输系统设计

针对小保当煤矿主运输系统大运量、高带速、高带强的特点,进行了技术方案的分析研究并对各部带式输送机均采用了最佳配置设计。文章介绍了采用多项国内外先进技术对主运输系统的各个具体环节进行的优化设计,包括:采用智能化设计技术,实现主运输系统的远程集中控制、协同运行和无人值守;采用特大型装备设计技术,对系统关键位置及重要部件进行分析研究,确保安全;采用井下煤水分离技术,对原煤进行脱水处理,避免“水煤”隐患;采用动力学分析技术,对多种不利工况下的输送带张力特性进行模拟,优化设备布置。最终实现了国内井下总运输距离最长、装机总容量最大的煤炭主运输系统的智能化、无人化长期连续平稳运行,为国内特大型矿井的煤炭主运输系统设计起到了引领示范作用。

多层叠置含煤系统煤层瓦斯赋存规律及影响因素分析

基于煤层瓦斯地质理论,通过大量的煤田勘探采样数据分析,研究总结陈家沟煤矿瓦斯赋存规律及其影响因素。矿区煤层瓦斯赋存主要受地质、构造、煤岩特征、顶底板岩性、埋藏深度等的影响。陈家沟煤矿属高瓦斯矿井,瓦斯分带以CH4带为主;瓦斯含量随着煤层的埋藏深度增加而有增大趋势,埋深达到700 m左右时,瓦斯含量达到最高;区内可分为三个独立含气系统,分别为C1~C12、C14~C26、C31~C69含气系统。经过研究分析,今后在矿井开发中应考虑相应合层排采独立开发。

井下动水截流施工骨料堆积生长机制研究

灌注骨料形成阻水屏障实现截流降速是井下治水工程的关键所在。为定量描述骨料堆积生长的时空演化机理,提出了将骨料沉降堆积过程切分为具有一定厚度的片状颗粒层堆叠过程的分析计算方法,以及动水环境中骨料灌注后从沉降到堆积全过程关键参量(颗粒水平移距xd,动水休止角ψ,未接顶区流速U,骨料留存临界流速U_(cr))的理论计算公式,在此基础上构建了骨料堆积体生长预测模型。通过CFD-DEM双向耦合算法研究了骨料灌注期间流场分布演化特征和骨料堆积形态差异,并验证了预测模型合理性。研究表明:空间上,依据初始流速U_(s)是否超过骨料起动流速U_(c)或骨料留存临界流速U_(cr),可将截流初期骨料沉积主域的所在位置划分为3个区域,若沉积主域位于③区,则将其视为无效灌注;时间上,骨料堆积体生长过程可归结为3个阶段:高度快速增长阶段、高度长度同步生长阶段、仅水平向伸长阶段;初始流速决定了第1阶段的有无,而灌注条件(骨料粒径、灌注速度)主导着第1阶段所持续的时间;基于泥沙运动力学中推移质输沙率、起动流速等概念,得出了堵孔现象发生及骨料能否留存的临界判据;数值模拟试验结果表明,预测模型能够较好地刻画骨料灌注后的堆积生长规律,骨料堆积稳定后,理论计算值与模拟试验值相对误差小于10%。

On electro-acoustic characteristics of a marine broadband sparker for seismic exploration

The construction of major marine infrastructure projects and the exploration and development of deep-sea mineral resources require fine imaging of seabed strata and structures.The highresolution marine seismic exploration based on a high broadband sparker source is an important approach to reveal seabed stratum and reservoir structure,and identify geohazard.To optimize the performance of sparker seismic source,we investigated the electro-acoustic characteristics of spark discharge under conditions of different charging voltages and electrode numbers.Results show that the sound source level increased with the increase of the charging voltage,whereas the main frequency decreased when the charging voltage increases.In addition,it was found that the charging capacitance had more obvious influence on the main frequency than the sound source level did.Although the load energy decreased with increasing electrode number,the sound source level still increased but the main frequency decreased.Meanwhile,the primary to bubble(P/B)ratio increased with the increase of the electrode number.To gain a deeper insight into the electro-acoustic characteristics,we investigate the relationship between sound source level and power peak,from which a good correlation was observed.A more practical statistical analysis on the rise rate of current was processed,and a perfect logarithmic function was derived.Furthermore,we found that the main frequency was most possibly subjected to the electrical energy,especially the charging energy per electrode.The results indicate that the charging energy per electrode less than 10 J could increase the main frequency to above 300 Hz.At last,the main frequency could be reduced to 20 Hz when the charging energy of a single-electrode discharge was enhanced to over 4 kJ.This study shall be helpful in developing a sparker seismic source and improving the performance for marine engineering exploration and geohazard assessment.

孪生数据驱动的大型矿井提升机主轴承随机振动系统的设计可靠性分析

设计阶段的大型矿井提升机主轴承随机振动系统的设计可靠性分析因试验样本不足,无法获取振动加速度响应的完备概率信息。提出了概率信息不完备下大型矿井提升机主轴承设计可靠性分析的技术路线:滚动轴承多尺度耦合系统动力学模型-振动加速度概率密度演化-概率密度演化路径随机过程建模-振动功率谱密度的概率分布-基于条件概率的设计可靠度计算。运用已采集的工况数据驱动建立滚动轴承多尺度耦合系统动力学模型,开展了振动加速度概率密度演化研究;基于概率密度演化和Karhunen-Loève展开,提出了滚动轴承振动加速度的非平稳随机过程建模方法,获得了滚动轴承振动加速度随机序列的孪生数据;研究了大型矿井提升机主轴承振动加速度功率谱密度的概率分布,并计算了大型矿井提升机主轴承在服役时间上的设计可靠度指标。

Enrichment model and major controlling factors of below-source tight oil in Lower Cretaceous Fuyu reservoirs in northern Songliao Basin,NE China

Based on the geochemical,seismic,logging and drilling data,the Fuyu reservoirs of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in northern Songliao Basin are systematically studied in terms of the geological characteristics,the tight oil enrichment model and its major controlling factors.First,the Quantou Formation is overlaid by high-quality source rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,with the development of nose structure around sag and the broad and continuous distribution of sand bodies.The reservoirs are tight on the whole.Second,the configuration of multiple elements,such as high-quality source rocks,reservoir rocks,fault,overpressure and structure,controls the tight oil enrichment in the Fuyu reservoirs.The source-reservoir combination controls the tight oil distribution pattern.The pressure difference between source and reservoir drives the charging of tight oil.The fault-sandbody transport system determines the migration and accumulation of oil and gas.The positive structure is the favorable place for tight oil enrichment,and the fault-horst zone is the key part of syncline area for tight oil exploration.Third,based on the source-reservoir relationship,transport mode,accumulation dynamics and other elements,three tight oil enrichment models are recognized in the Fuyu reservoirs:(1)vertical or lateral migration of hydrocarbon from source rocks to adjacent reservoir rocks,that is,driven by overpressure,hydrocarbon generated is migrated vertically or laterally to and accumulates in the adjacent reservoir rocks;(2)transport of hydrocarbon through faults between separated source and reservoirs,that is,driven by overpressure,hydrocarbon migrates downward through faults to the sandbodies that are separated from the source rocks;and(3)migration of hydrocarbon through faults and sandbodies between separated source and reservoirs,that is,driven by overpressure,hydrocarbon migrates downwards through faults to the reservoir rocks that are separated from the source rocks,and then migrates laterally through sandbodies.Fourth,the differences in oil source conditions,charging drive,fault distribution,sandbody and reservoir physical properties cause the differential enrichment of tight oil in the Fuyu reservoirs.Comprehensive analysis suggests that the Fuyu reservoir in the Qijia-Gulong Sag has good conditions for tight oil enrichment and has been less explored,and it is an important new zone for tight oil exploration in the future.

煤矿覆岩主控致灾层位危险识别及现场应用

针对煤矿地面水力压裂技术施工中工作面覆岩主控致灾层位难以准确辨识的难题,以孟村煤矿401102工作面地面水力压裂工业试验为背景,采用理论分析、微震监测、现场调研等方法,揭示了煤矿厚硬覆岩运动诱发矿震和冲击地压的动力灾害机理,分析了基于载荷三带理论的厚硬覆岩分区运动特征与诱发动力灾害之间的关系,建立了基于关键层运动状态的矿震能量预测模型与采场等效附加应力估算模型,提出了基于K-means聚类算法和肘部法则的煤矿覆岩主控致灾层位识别技术方法,确定了现场压裂施工层位并进行工业试验,根据现场微震监测数据及理论分析结果进行了效果验证,得到结论如下:孟村煤矿401102工作面致冲关键层及矿震关键层均为距离煤层66 m的安定组关键层R9,其初次破断运动采场等效附加扰动应力理论值为7.23 MPa,初次破断运动释放矿震能量理论值为6.08×105 J,致灾危险性较强;震−冲关键层压裂后,矿震能量理论值降幅94%,采场等效附加扰动应力理论值降幅76%,工作面上方5×10^(3)J大能量微震事件出现明显上移趋势,上移量约为15 m;10^(3)J及以上能级微震事件频次占比显著下降,由60.39%降至17.89%,最大微震事件能量由6.65×10^(5)J降至9.75×10^(3)J;10^(2)J及以下能级微震事件频次占比显著上升,由39.61%增至82.11%。

通风系统改造优化及应用

随着煤矿开采作业持续进行,采区风量需求大幅提高,为保障矿井生产安全稳定,需对通风系统进行改造优化。以山西省某煤矿为实例,分析计算矿井风量与阻力,针对主风机选型、布设等提出优化改造方案,最终通过实践证明优化效果显著。

补连塔煤矿回采巷道锚索主动式超前支护技术应用

为了实现神东矿区综采工作面的无人化、少人化,降低工人劳动强度,以补连塔煤矿22406综采工作面为背景,采用理论分析计算与现场实测相结合的研究方法对工作面主运巷采用锚索主动式超前支护方式的科学性和合理性开展了研究,同时引用两侧实体煤巷道力学模型对主运巷专用锚索超前支护设计进行验证,通过验证“排距3 m,每排2套”的超前支护形式满足工作面超前支护要求。通过主运巷道超前支护段锚杆(索)受力监测可知,工作面推进过程中,超前支承压力的影响范围约为42 m,在距工作面10~26 m范围,超前支承压力增加幅度较大,应力集中系数为1.23~1.5。通过巷道围岩表面位移监测可知,主运巷在距离回采工作面35 m左右受采动影响开始变形,回采过程中,顶板最大下沉量达到16 mm,底板最大底鼓量达到42 mm,两帮最大移近量达到45 mm。研究结果表明,采用锚索补强超前支护方式,巷道围岩得到有效控制,围岩整体稳定且变形可控,现场应用效果良好。