Strong shock propagation for the finite-source circular blast in a confined domain

The circular explosion wave produced by the abrupt discharge of gas from a high-temperature heat source serves as a crucial model for addressing explosion phenomena in compressible flow.The reflection of the primary shock and its propagation within a confined domain are studied both theoretically and numerically in this research.Under the assumption of strong shock,the scaling law governing propagation of the main shock is proposed.The dimensionless frequency of reflected shock propagation is associated with the confined distance.The numerical simulation for the circular explosion problem in a confined domain is performed for validation.Under the influence of confinement,the principal shock wave systematically undergoes reflection within the domain until it weakens,leading to the non-monotonic attenuation of kinetic energy in the explosion fireball and periodic oscillations of the fireball volume with a certain frequency.The simulation results indicate that the frequency of kinetic energy attenuation and the volume oscillation of the explosive fireball align consistently with the scaling law.

Ground response and failure mechanism of gob-side entry by roof cutting with hard main roof

This study is the result of long-term efforts of the authors’team to assess ground response of gob-side entry by roof cutting(GSERC)with hard main roof,aiming at scientific control for GSERC deformation.A comprehensive field measurement program was conducted to determine entry deformation,roof fracture zone,and anchor bolt(cable)loading.The results indicate that GSERC deformation presents asymmetric characteristics.The maximum convergence near roof cutting side is 458 mm during the primary use process and 1120 mm during the secondary reuse process.The entry deformation is closely associated with the primary development stage,primary use stage,and secondary reuse stage.The key block movement of roof cutting structure,a complex stress environment,and a mismatch in the supporting design scheme are the failure mechanism of GSERC.A controlling ideology for mining states,including regional and stage divisions,was proposed.Both dynamic and permanent support schemes have been implemented in the field.Engineering practice results indicate that the new support scheme can efficiently ensure long-term entry safety and could be a reliable approach for other engineering practices.

Analysis of Dry-Wet Climate Change Characteristics and Main Influencing Factors in Main Grain Producing Area of Tibet from 1980 to 2021

Based on the daily meteorological observation data of seven meteorological stations in southern Tibet from 1980 to 2021 (April-October), the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and influencing factors of aridity index ( AI ) in the growing season of major grain producing areas in Tibet were studied by using climate tendency rate, Mann-Kendal test, Morlet wavelet analysis, GIS hybrid interpolation method, Pearson correlation coefficient, contribution rate analysis and other methods. The results showed that the average AI in the main grain producing areas of Tibet was 1.7, which belonged to the semi-arid area, and the overall trend was decreasing (humidifying) (-0.036/10 a). The linear decreasing trend was different in different regions, and the area around Lhatse County was the most significant (-0.26/10 a). AI had no obvious abrupt change, and had long- and medium-term fluctuation characteristics of 24 years, 6 years. The spatial distribution was uneven, and had the characteristics of ‘shrinking arid area and expanding humid area . The contribution rates of the main climate influencing factors of AI varied in different regions. In general, the contribution rates after quantification was as follows: precipitation (34.9%)>relative humidity (28.4%)>sunshine (19.9%)>maximum temperature (12.4%).

Minimally Invasive Total Arterial Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Left Main Stem Disease

Objective: The aim was to show that Minimally Invasive total arterial revascularization for left main stem coronary artery disease, via a left anterior Mini thoracotomy using bilateral internal thoracic arteries is feasible, reproducible and safe. Further, there has been no exclusive data or experience with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting in left main stem disease. Methods: From April 2019 to March 2024, 41 patients with left main stem stenosis, left main equivalent disease and unprotected left main with triple vessel disease underwent off pump minimally invasive multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting using either in situ pedicled Bilateral Internal Thoracic arteries or Left and Right Internal Thoracic artery Y composite conduits at three centers. Bilateral Internal Thoracic arteries were harvested under direct vision. All patients had an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump inserted via the femoral artery prior to induction of anesthesia, to prevent any hemodynamic instability, arrhythmias, and was removed following completion of the procedure in the operating room without any complications. Efficacy and outcomes were evaluated by i) Primary (MACCE)-Major Adverse Cardiac and Cardiovascular events and ii) Secondary outcome measures including total length of stay, return to full physical activity and quality of life. Mean follow-up was 1.4 years (Maximum was 2.5 years). Results: 41 patients with left main stem coronary artery stenosis, underwent total arterial revascularization using bilateral internal thoracic arteries. Left main stem stenosis was present in 29 patients, Unprotected left main stem stenosis with triple vessel disease in 7 and left main equivalence in 5 patients. In this cohort, 29 patients with only left main stem stenosis had 2 grafts each, 7 patients with left main and triple vessel disease had 3 grafts and 5 patients with left main equivalent disease had 2 grafts respectively. The average number of grafts was 2.2. One patient was converted to open sternotomy as an emergency because of hemodynamic instability and myocardial revascularization was done on cardiopulmonary bypass (2.2%). The average hospital stay was 3.7 days. Ejection fraction was 45% ± 5%. There was one mortality (2.2%) but no major morbidity. The average ICU and hospital stay was 24 ± 4 hours and 3.7 days. All patients were free from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at follow-up. Conclusions: Multivessel total arterial revascularization using left and right internal thoracic arteries, was performed via a left anterior Mini thoracotomy on patients with left main stem disease and showed that it was safe, reproducible and will help extend the armamentarium of the surgeon in minimally invasive Coronary artery bypass grafting. Concomitantly it helped enhance the potential for shorter hospital stay, increased survival, decreased morbidity, and earlier return to full activity. Furthermore, the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting in this high-risk group evaluated by primary and secondary outcome measures have been good in this study.

“Eternal Motion” as a “Form of Movement of a Special Nature” and the Main Condition for the Creation of the Universe

The article hypothesizes that DE and DM (UCM) are a “Form of Motion of a Special Nature”, where “Form of Motion” means “Eternal Motion” as the power of dynamics of different levels and varying degrees of self-sufficiency, and by “Special Nature”, gravitational and two other properties of matter, “tied” to the “Eternal Movement” and completely dependent on it. Carriers of key properties of a “Special Nature” have been established: “0”-DE particles and “3”-DM particles (UDM). The unity of their inherent “motionally-gravitational” properties and the peculiarity of the relationship between “motion” and “gravity” are revealed: the higher the intensity of “Eternal Motion”, the stronger the gravitational properties of matter are manifested (and vice versa). The relationship of “time” with the “vibration frequency” and the “mass” of photons with the “degree of bonding and deformation properties of the field” is shown. The maximum level of gravity has been determined, which allows Nature to successfully create the Universe: such a landmark is the proximity to the property of the Primary Source—the “pure graviton” of the OSP space, the most powerful “motionally-gravitational” particle of the Universe. The reasons for the emergence of such an identity of the gravitational properties of particles with the indicators of a “pure graviton” are established: for “0”-DE particles, this is the acquisition of the function of “freedom of movement”;for “3”-DM particles (UDM), the creation of a special structure—a “double field” (“Main” and “Small”). The presence in the “double field” of specific “tools” for the creation of the worlds of the Universe—gravitational “waves” gives rise to impulses (shocks) of varying intensity and shape. A list of functions performed by “waves” in the “Main” and “Small” fields has been compiled. The specific conditions for the formation of “UDM Streams”, their transformation into a “Vortex” and, under the influence of a powerful Initial Impulse (push), sending them to the “place” of the creation of galaxies, are shown. It is suggested that there is a “Cycle of Matter in Nature” in the closed structure of our Universe due to the “work” of “waves” and the functioning of special “factories” in the form of exotic space objects—Black holes.

Impact of coal gangue on the level of main trace elements in the shallow groundwater of a mine reclamation area

Coal gangue is the most used filling material during reclamation of areas suffering subsidence from min- ing. Main trace element levels (F, As, Hg, and Pb) in shallow groundwater in the reclamation area may be affected by leaching from the gangue. This can has an impact on the application of the water for agricul- tural irrigation or use as drinking water. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the effect coal gangue has on the shallow groundwater of a reclaimed area. We studied the effect of coal gangue on fluo- rine, arsenic, mercury, and lead levels in the shallow groundwater of a reclamation area by testing the water and the coal gangue. One well near the reclamation area was used as a control well and element levels in water from this well and from the soil next to the well were also measured. The results show that the levels of these elements are increasing in the reclamation area over time. The increase in fluorine, arsenic, mercury, and lead in monitor wells varies from 7.42% to 8.26%, from 7.13% to 7.90%, from 4.85% to 6.48%, and from 4.69% to 6.42%, respectively. Fluorine and arsenic levels are lower in monitor wells than in the control water. The other elements are found in greater concentration than in the control. The Nemerow index also indicates that the shallow groundwater in the reclamation area I is moderately affected by the back-filling coal gangue, while the shallow groundwater in the reclamation area II and III are slightly affected by the back-filling coal gangue. This shallow groundwater could be used for agri- cultural irrigation or for drinking.

The main projects and development status of noise forecasting and controlling on working face in coal mine

Noise from the machine on coal working face seriously influenced the miners' physical and mental health, and also, due to the noise, there may be a major hidden danger in safety from accidents as all safety warning signals may be masked by the noise. This paper summarized the features of mine environmental noise on working face, such as the variety of noise sources, the continuity of high intensity and slow attenuation in narrow space, etc.The main projects about noise forecasting and controlling on working face was emphatically expounded;the development status about mines machinery noise mechanism and environmental noise acoustic characteristics of space-time of these main research topics were also introduced.

Occurrence of the Main Seam of Shanxi Formation in Sanhejian Coal Mine

The Sanhejian Coal Mine, situated in the outer zone of Xuzhou-Shuzhou thrust nappe, is complicated not only in geological structure, but also in the variation of coal seam thickness. The mining layout and operation of the coal mine are greatly influenced by the uncertainty of variation in thickness of coal seams. Based on analyzing the data collected in geological exploration and mining activity, the variation of coal seam thickness is discussed in detail, and the correlation marks for coal seams are as-certained, which are of vital significance for coal-mining operation.

A comparative study of the main factors controlling geohazards induced by 10 strong earthquakes in Western China since the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008

Determining the main controlling factors of earthquake-triggered geohazards is a prerequisite for studying earthquake geohazards and post-disaster emergency response.By studying these factors,the geomorphic and geological factors controlling the nature,condition,and distribution of earthquake-induced geohazards can be analyzed.Such insights facilitate earthquake disaster prediction and emergency response planning.The authors combined field investigations and spatial data analysis to examine geohazards induced by seismic events,examining ten earthquakes including the Wenchuan,Yushu,Lushan events,to elucidate the main control factors of seismic geohazard.The authors observed that seismic geohazard occurrence is usually affected by many factors,among which active nature of the seismogenic fault,seismic peak ground acceleration(PGA),topographic slope and geomorphic height differences,and distance from the fault zone and river system are the most important.Compared with strike-slip earthquakes,thrust earthquakes induce more high-altitude and high-speed remote landslides,which can cause great harm.Slopes of 0°–40°are prone to secondary seismic geohazards,which are mainly concentrated 0–6 km from the river system.Secondary geohazards are not only related to seismogenic fault but also influenced by the associated faults in the earthquake area.The maximum seismic PGA and secondary seismic geohazard number are positively correlated,and the horizontal and vertical ground motions play leading and promoting roles in secondary geohazard formation,respectively.Through the research,the spatial distribution of seismic geohazards is predicted,providing a basis for the formulation of emergency response plans following disasters.

“Treat-Repair-Treat”:Management of Left Main Coronary Compression by a Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm in a Patient with Atrial Septal Defect and Significant Pulmonary Hypertension

Left main coronary compression syndrome(LMCS)may complicate pulmonary artery aneurysms(PAA),usually developed in the context of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).We report the case of a 51-year-old female patient with an atrial septal defect(unsuitable for device closure)complicated by a PAA generating a 90%left main stenosis.The significant PAH held us back from immediate surgery.After specific dual PAH-targeted therapy(sildenafil and bosentan),the atrial septal defect could be closed with a unidirectional valved patch;the PAAinduced LMCS was treated by reductive arterioplasty.The postoperative course was uneventful.Follow-up showed clinical improvement,but PAH treatment was still needed.After three months,coronary angiography showed only an insignificant residual left main stenosis,proving that reductive pulmonary arterioplasty was effective in treating LMCS.Any PAA requires further evaluation for LMCS,a dangerous but treatable complication.The“treat-repair-treat”strategy and shunt-closure with a unidirectional valved patch can both improve surgical prospects of LMCS with shunt-related PAH.

小保当一号煤矿特大型智能主运输系统设计

针对小保当煤矿主运输系统大运量、高带速、高带强的特点,进行了技术方案的分析研究并对各部带式输送机均采用了最佳配置设计。文章介绍了采用多项国内外先进技术对主运输系统的各个具体环节进行的优化设计,包括:采用智能化设计技术,实现主运输系统的远程集中控制、协同运行和无人值守;采用特大型装备设计技术,对系统关键位置及重要部件进行分析研究,确保安全;采用井下煤水分离技术,对原煤进行脱水处理,避免“水煤”隐患;采用动力学分析技术,对多种不利工况下的输送带张力特性进行模拟,优化设备布置。最终实现了国内井下总运输距离最长、装机总容量最大的煤炭主运输系统的智能化、无人化长期连续平稳运行,为国内特大型矿井的煤炭主运输系统设计起到了引领示范作用。

深井松软围岩煤巷采动增跨效应及防控技术

针对深井松软煤巷围岩变形严重、巷道支护困难等问题,以城郊煤矿LW21106工作面沿空巷道为工程背景,建立了采动巷道增跨模型,揭示了采动增跨效应演化机理。通过构建巷道顶板横纵弯曲梁模型,指出顶板横向受力、巷道等效跨度、煤岩强度是巷道围岩损伤破坏的主控因素,提出了采动增跨效应防控对策并进行工业性试验。研究结果表明:受采动影响,巷道经历“初始围岩稳定—围岩裂隙发育扩展—围岩剪切破坏加剧—等效跨度增加”过程;巷道顶板最大正应力与应力集中系数、顶板等效跨度、巷道断面尺寸及埋深成正相关关系;巷道顶板在高应力环境下易发生拉剪破坏,增加顶板锚索数量以及锚索预紧力有利于增强顶板初期完整性。基于巷道变形破坏主控因素,提出“围岩加固–卸压–强化支护”协同防控策略;针对现场条件,采用煤柱侧向切顶+注浆加固并对破碎区域补充锚索强化支护的防控技术。现场监测结果表明,煤柱帮最大移近量为18.89cm,顶板下沉量为25.86cm,两帮移近量为29.65 cm,有效控制了煤巷围岩变形,为深井松软围岩巷道变形控制提供了参考。

Construction of Anti-breaking Models of the Main Veins of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves and Principal Component Analysis

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the related mechanisms of the breaking of flue-cured tobacco leaves. [Method] Anti-breaking models of the main veins of flue-cured tobacco leaves were constructed for principal component analysis on the anti-breaking index, leaf traits and cellulose contents. [Result] The results showed that the growth traits had certain relevance with the cellulose contents while the leaf weight assumed a significant negative correlation with the anti-breaking index, indicating that the heavier the leaf weight was, the weaker the anti-breaking capacity of flue-cured tobacco would be; the cross-sectional area of main veins and the cellulose contents had shown a positive correlation with the anti-breaking index, indicating that the thicker the main vein of flue-cured tobacco was, the higher the cellulose contents would be, and the stronger the anti-breaking capacity of flue-cured tobacco leaves would be. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis and reference to improve tobacco production and enhance the quality of flue-cured tobacco.

Analysis on the Combining Ability and Heritability of Main Agronomic Traits of Hybrid Glutinous Sorghum

Using 3 sterile lines and 12 restorer of glutinous sorghum as experimental materials,36 hybrid combinations（3×12 NCⅡ） were designed to analyze the combining ability and heritability of six main agronomic traits,including plant height,panicle length,growth period,1 000-grain weight,per panicle grains and per panicle grain weight.The results showed that except per panicle grain number all other five agronomic traits have remarkable or extremely remarkable general combining ability and specific combining ability.Six agronomic traits were found to be control by additive genetic effect.Most of these agronomic traits are more easily influenced by restorers than sterile lines,suggesting that more attention should be paid to select restores in hybrid glutinous sorghum breeding.The narrow-sense heritability of these agronomic traits were in order growth period plant height per panicle grain weight panicle length 1 000-grain weight per panicle grains.

相空间重构后矿井涌水量序列地质学含义及其应用研究

目的为了确定相空间重构矿井涌水量序列的地质学含义并提高涌水量预测精度,方法以王行庄矿为例,在涌水量序列相空间重构后,对重构后相空间列向量与涌水量主控因素进行相关性分析,并在此基础上建立混沌理论与人工神经网络耦合(Chaos-ENN)的涌水量预测模型。结果结果表明:相空间的嵌入维数等于矿井涌水量主控因素个数;相空间的第1,2,4,5,6列向量分别与C_(2)tL_(7-8)含水层水位埋深、O_(2)m+Є_(3)ch含水层水位埋深、采空区面积、C_(2)tL_(1-4)含水层水位埋深、开拓长度具有较高的相关性,第3列与不易量化的其他综合因素有关;构建的Chaos-ENN涌水量预测模型在王兴庄矿的预测精度达到97.91%。结论涌水量序列重构后相空间的列向量具有明确的地质学含义。利用混沌理论可以量化涌水量预测模型中ENN输入层的个数及取值,所以仅需涌水量序列值就可以建立矿井涌水量预测的Chaos-ENN模型,该模型解决了涌水量预测中存在的主控因素难以确定和不易量化的难题,且预测精度高,具有较高的推广价值。

3-5岁儿童讲述故事的叙事能力发展研究

选取华东师范大学儿童语言研究中心zhou2语料库中的400名3-5岁学前儿童作为研究对象,运用国际叙事语言评估工具——MAIN(Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives)中《鸟》的故事作为研究材料进行数据收集,并使用MAIN从故事结构、结构复杂性、内部状态术语、故事理解四个方面,重点考察3-5岁学前儿童讲述故事的叙事能力,以及各要素的叙事水平是否存在年龄差异。结果表明:儿童叙事能力随年龄增长呈不均衡发展态势,且4-5岁为儿童叙事能力发展的转折期;儿童对故事各要素讲述能力的发展具有显著年龄差异;儿童故事理解能力各要素均处于较低发展水平。

多层叠置含煤系统煤层瓦斯赋存规律及影响因素分析

基于煤层瓦斯地质理论,通过大量的煤田勘探采样数据分析,研究总结陈家沟煤矿瓦斯赋存规律及其影响因素。矿区煤层瓦斯赋存主要受地质、构造、煤岩特征、顶底板岩性、埋藏深度等的影响。陈家沟煤矿属高瓦斯矿井,瓦斯分带以CH4带为主;瓦斯含量随着煤层的埋藏深度增加而有增大趋势,埋深达到700 m左右时,瓦斯含量达到最高;区内可分为三个独立含气系统,分别为C1~C12、C14~C26、C31~C69含气系统。经过研究分析,今后在矿井开发中应考虑相应合层排采独立开发。

补连塔煤矿回采巷道锚索主动式超前支护技术应用

为了实现神东矿区综采工作面的无人化、少人化,降低工人劳动强度,以补连塔煤矿22406综采工作面为背景,采用理论分析计算与现场实测相结合的研究方法对工作面主运巷采用锚索主动式超前支护方式的科学性和合理性开展了研究,同时引用两侧实体煤巷道力学模型对主运巷专用锚索超前支护设计进行验证,通过验证“排距3 m,每排2套”的超前支护形式满足工作面超前支护要求。通过主运巷道超前支护段锚杆(索)受力监测可知,工作面推进过程中,超前支承压力的影响范围约为42 m,在距工作面10~26 m范围,超前支承压力增加幅度较大,应力集中系数为1.23~1.5。通过巷道围岩表面位移监测可知,主运巷在距离回采工作面35 m左右受采动影响开始变形,回采过程中,顶板最大下沉量达到16 mm,底板最大底鼓量达到42 mm,两帮最大移近量达到45 mm。研究结果表明,采用锚索补强超前支护方式,巷道围岩得到有效控制,围岩整体稳定且变形可控,现场应用效果良好。

8.8 m大采高工作面主运巷超前支护技术研究与应用

为解决8.8 m大采高工作面主运巷强动压、大变形等超前段支护问题,采用理论分析计算与现场实测相结合的研究方法,对上湾煤矿12403大采高工作面主运巷超前段锚索主动式支护技术开展研究。基于锚索主动式超前支护技术建立了大采高工作面主运巷支护力学模型,计算并校核了8.8 m大采高条件下主运巷超前支承压力影响范围和锚杆(索)及围岩支护强度。同时开展了现场试验,结果表明,从距离工作面45 m位置开始,锚杆和锚索受力开始缓慢增加,但增速较小,从距离工作面20 m位置开始,锚杆和锚索受力以较大幅度增加,累计增加15~25 kN后开始趋于稳定,平均影响范围42 m左右,平均应力集中系数为1.4;在距工作面45 m时开始出现围岩变形,但前期变形量较小,随着工作面不断推进,围岩变形量逐渐增大,在测站与煤壁距离小于30 m时变形量增速较大,但围岩整体稳定且变形可控;钻孔窥视结果表明主运巷超前支护段围岩裂隙总体发育程度较低,围岩、煤层的整体性较好,锚索超前支护方式对顶板围岩起到很好的支护效果。

井下动水截流施工骨料堆积生长机制研究

灌注骨料形成阻水屏障实现截流降速是井下治水工程的关键所在。为定量描述骨料堆积生长的时空演化机理,提出了将骨料沉降堆积过程切分为具有一定厚度的片状颗粒层堆叠过程的分析计算方法,以及动水环境中骨料灌注后从沉降到堆积全过程关键参量(颗粒水平移距xd,动水休止角ψ,未接顶区流速U,骨料留存临界流速U_(cr))的理论计算公式,在此基础上构建了骨料堆积体生长预测模型。通过CFD-DEM双向耦合算法研究了骨料灌注期间流场分布演化特征和骨料堆积形态差异,并验证了预测模型合理性。研究表明:空间上,依据初始流速U_(s)是否超过骨料起动流速U_(c)或骨料留存临界流速U_(cr),可将截流初期骨料沉积主域的所在位置划分为3个区域,若沉积主域位于③区,则将其视为无效灌注;时间上,骨料堆积体生长过程可归结为3个阶段:高度快速增长阶段、高度长度同步生长阶段、仅水平向伸长阶段;初始流速决定了第1阶段的有无,而灌注条件(骨料粒径、灌注速度)主导着第1阶段所持续的时间;基于泥沙运动力学中推移质输沙率、起动流速等概念,得出了堵孔现象发生及骨料能否留存的临界判据;数值模拟试验结果表明,预测模型能够较好地刻画骨料灌注后的堆积生长规律,骨料堆积稳定后,理论计算值与模拟试验值相对误差小于10%。