A novel adaptive backstepping design of turbine main steam valve control

The problem of transient stability for a single machine infinite bus system with turbine main steam valve control is addressed by means of a novel adaptive backstepping method in this paper.The recursive design procedure of the proposed controller is much simpler than that of the existing controller based on conventional adaptive backstepping method.In the system,the damping coefficient is measured inaccurately,and the reactance of transmission line also contains a few uncertainties.A nonlinear robust controller and parameter updating laws are obtained simultaneously.The system does not need to be linearized,and the closed-loop error system is guaranteed to be asymptotically stable.The design procedure and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design.

A new adaptive backstepping method for nonlinear control of turbine main steam valve

A new approach for nonlinear adaptive control of turbine main steam valve is developed. In comparison with the existing controller based on ＂classical＂ adaptive backstepping, this method does not follow the classical certaintyequivalence principle in the design of adaptive control law. We introduce this approach, for the first time, to power systems and present a novel parameter estimator and dynamic feedback controller for a single machine infinite bus （SMIB） system with steam valve control. This system contains unknown parameters such as reactance of transmission lines. Besides preserving useful nonlinearities and the real-time estimation of uncertain parameters, the proposed approach possesses better performances with respect to the response of the system and the speed of adaptation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is better than the design based on ＂classical＂ adaptive backstepping in terms of properties of stability and parameter estimation, and recovers the performance of the ＂full-information＂ controller. Hence, the proposed method provides an alternative for engineers in applications.

Adaptive H-infinity control of synchronous generators with steam valve via Hamiltonian function method

Based on Hamiltonian formulation, this paper proposes a design approach to nonlinear feedback excitation control of synchronous generators with steam valve control, disturbances and unknown parameters. It is shown that the dynamics of the synchronous generators can be expressed as a dissipative Hamiltonian system, based on which an adaptive H-infinity controller is then designed for the systems by using the structure properties of dissipative Hamiltonian systems. Simulations show that the controller obtained in this paper is very effective.

Nonlinear Steam Valve Adaptive Controller Design for the Power Systems

Considering generator rotor and valve by external disturbances for turbine regulating system, the nonlinear large disturbance attenuation controller and parameter updating law of turbine speed governor system are designed using backstepping method. The controller not only considers transmission line parameter uncer-tainty, and has attenuated the influences of large external disturbances on system output. The nonlinear con-troller does not have the sensitivity to the influences of external disturbances, but also has strong robustness for system parameters variation, which is because of the transmission line uncertainty being considered in internal disturbances. The simulation results show that the control effect of the large disturbance attenuation controller more advantages by comparing with the control performance of conventional nonlinear robust controller.

An experimental study on flowrate and stability for 600MW supercritical steam-turbine control valve

An experimental study on flowrate and stability of a type of control valve of 600MW supercritical steam-turbine was presented by measuring instruments of static, dynamic pressure and vibration in self-designed test rig. The investigation shows that flow coefficient is 30% up more than that of the control valve of GX-1 type used widely in domestic power plants now, as small-medium lifts. If the relative lift (h/D) is less than 20%, the valve can always work steadily in all the pressure ratios. When the h/D is between 20% to 24%, big vibration of valve stem occurs if the pressure ratio is between 0.7 to 0.8. When h/D is more than 25%, relatively great vibration happens in a wide range of pressure ratios of 0.4 to 0.85.

Study on Valve Management of DEH for Steam Turbine

Valve management is one of the major functions of DEH for steam turbine. It has an important practical significance for the security and economy of the steam turbine. This paper starts from the valve configuration figure of the domestic-type 300 MW steam turbine, and then makes a simple comparison between the two types of valve governing modes. In order to realize the valve control, the structure of control system has been established, in which the roles of the mathematical functions are discussed. On the basis of the experiment of valve flow characteristic, this article carries out a quantitative study on the functions of the valve management and the parameter tuning method. Through a serious corrections, the sequence valve flow characteristic curve is obtained, which can provide significant guidance on the research of valve management of the similar steam turbines.

Nonlinear variable structure excitation and steam valving controllers for power system stability

A set of novel nonlinear variable structure excitation and steam-valving controllers are proposed in this paper. On the basis of the classical dynamic equations of a generator, excitation control and steam valving control are simultaneously considered. Design of these controllers combines the differential geometry theory with the variable structure controlling theory. The mathematical model in the form of ＂an affine nonlinear system＂ is set up for the control design of a large-scale power plant. The dynamic performance of the nonlinear variable structure controllers proposed for a single machine connected to an infinite bus power system is simulated. Simulation results show that the nonlinear variable structure excitation and steam-valving controllers give satisfactory dynamic performance and good robustness.

A family of robust adaptive excitation controllers for synchronous generators with steam valve via Hamiltonian function method

Using the Hamiltonian function method, this paper proposes a family of robust adaptive excitation con- trollers for synchronous generators with steam valve control. First, a parameterization method of robust adaptive controllers is investigated for dissipative Hamiltonian systems. This method avoids solving Hamilton-Jacobi-Issacs inequalities. The parameters in the family of controllers thus obtained are determined by a locally positive semidefinite function, which has only 2n independent variables, twice as many as the one used to characterize the state feedback. Then, with the parame- terization method and the structural properties of dissipative Hamiltonian systems, a family of robust adaptive excitation controllers is designed for synchronous generators with steam valve control, disturbances and unknown parameters. Simu- lations illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the excitation control strategy proposed in the paper.

Primary Frequency Control Ability Evaluation of Valve Opening in Thermal Power Units Based on Artificial Neural Network

With the development of new energy,the primary frequency control(PFC)is becoming more and more important and complicated.To improve the reliability of the PFC,an evaluation method of primary frequency control ability(PFCA)was proposed.First,based on the coupling model of the coordinated control system(CCS)and digital electro-hydraulic control system(DEH),principle and control mode of the PFC were introduced in detail.The simulation results showed that the PFC of the CCS and DEH was the most effective control mode.Then,the analysis of the CCS model and variable condition revealed the internal relationship among main steam pressure,valve opening and power.In term of this,the radial basis function(RBF)neural network was established to estimate the PFCA.Because the simulation curves fit well with the actual curves,the accuracy of the coupling model was verified.On this basis,simulation data was produced by coupling model to verify the proposed evaluation method.The low predication error of main steam pressure,power and the PFCA indicated that the method was effective.In addition,the actual data obtained from historical operation data were used to estimate the PFCA accurately,which was the strongest evidence for this method.

核电主蒸汽阀站中电磁先导阀的动态响应仿真研究

针对核电主蒸汽阀站中关键部件之一——大气释放阀前置隔离阀在实际工况中常出现响应超时的问题,采用数值仿真软件Fluent中的动网格以及用户自定义函数技术,对控制其启闭过程的电磁先导阀动态响应过程进行了研究。首先,研究了电磁先导阀中先导结构的动态响应过程以及阀杆的受力情况;然后,研究了电磁先导阀中主阀的动态响应过程以及主阀泄压时阀内的压力和速度分布情况;最后,综合两个动态过程,分析了电磁先导阀整阀的运动时间。研究结果表明,电磁先导阀的运动时间为8.5 ms,其中先导结构的运动时间占比较小,85%的时间集中在电磁先导阀主阀动作过程。该研究结果可对前置隔离阀响应时间的优化提供参考。

汽轮机蒸汽管道与阀门及汽缸外缸外表面传热系数的计算模型和计算方法

构建了汽轮机蒸汽管道、主汽调节阀与汽缸外缸的外表面传热系数计算模型与计算方法。给出了汽轮机蒸汽管道、主汽调节阀、高压外缸、中压外缸与低压外缸的内表面传热系数以及保温结构外表面与低压外缸外表面的复合传热系数计算公式。建立了汽轮机蒸汽管道、高压外缸与中压外缸的金属内层壁与保温结构外层壁的双层圆筒壁、主汽调节阀金属内层壁与保温结构外层壁的双层球壁以及低压外缸单层圆筒壁的传热过程计算模型。考虑到金属内层壁内表面温度与外表面温度和保温结构外层壁外表面温度均为待定温度,采用迭代法确定这些汽轮机部件的表面温度、传热过程的传热系数与热流密度。完成了汽轮机蒸汽管道、主汽调节阀、高压外缸、中压外缸与低压外缸的外表面传热系数计算分析的应用实例,得出了这些汽轮机部件传热过程金属内层壁外表面的传热系数、热流密度与等效表面传热系数的计算结果,为这些汽轮机部件温度场与应力场的有限元数值计算提供了传热边界条件。

350 MW汽轮机高压调节阀阀位不跟踪指令问题的分析及处理

针对某350 MW汽轮机高压调节阀阀位不跟踪指令问题,通过分析阀门工作原理和阀芯组件受力情况,判断原因为阀碟与阀套氧化皮沉积、配合间隙减小,利用小修机会解体阀门验证了判断并一次性解决了问题,对同类型机组高压调节阀卡涩、关闭问题分析处理具有一定借鉴意义。

某水下打桩锤主控阀缓冲装置建模与仿真

为研究某水下打桩锤缓冲装置的结构对主控阀缓冲性能的影响,介绍缓冲装置的结构组成和缓冲原理,考虑液压油泄漏导致主控阀腔内压力和温度的变化,结合热力学和流体动力学理论建立缓冲装置的动态数学模型,基于MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建仿真模型并进行仿真分析,研究液压系统回油背压、缓冲腔直径、泄漏缝隙高度和长度等参数对缓冲性能的影响规律。结果表明:打桩锤主控阀缓冲装置的泄漏缝隙高度、泄漏缝隙长度和缓冲腔直径对缓冲性能的影响显著,液压系统的回油背压影响相对较小。研究结果为主控阀缓冲装置的设计和结构参数的优化提供理论依据。

汽轮机主汽门异常关闭的原因排查及处理

调节保安系统是汽轮机的重要保护系统,其正常运行影响整个电厂的安全生产。某电厂汽轮机组在试运高压油泵过程时主汽门异常关闭,通过分析汽轮机危急遮断器的结构、工作原理及故障现象,对故障的原因进行逐一排查,最终得出了主汽门异常关闭的原因是附加保安油节流孔法兰缺少垫片,试运高压油泵过程中,附加保安油压扰动,危急遮断器滑阀下移,造成安全油泄放,导致主汽门关闭。通过重新安装垫片,缺陷得以消除。该异常现象可为其他同类型机组提供借鉴。

核电机组主蒸汽安全阀阀瓣密封面堆焊层开裂原因分析及预防措施

某核电厂大修期间对VVP116VV安全阀进行解体检查,发现阀瓣密封表面堆焊层存在20多条裂纹缺陷。通过宏观检查、化学成分分析、金相检验、硬度测试、残余应力分析、扫描电镜断口分析及能谱分析等方法分析阀瓣密封面堆焊层开裂的原因。结果表明:阀瓣密封面堆焊层的Fe含量明显偏高,表明稀释率过大,这与堆焊工艺控制不当(焊接热输入过大、热处理控制不当)有关。焊接热输入过大引起堆焊层残余应力偏高是开裂的主要原因;层间温度控制不当及焊后热处理不充分可能是促成堆焊层开裂的因素。并根据开裂的原因分析结果给出了处理建议,可以为其他机组的同类问题提供参考。

一起汽动给水泵主汽门自动关闭的故障分析与改进

某电厂运行人员在试验汽动给水泵直流事故油泵时,汽泵主汽门自动关闭。分析此次故障是因直流系统发生两点接地,导通了汽泵主汽门关闭控制回路。针对直流系统绝缘薄弱点,更换直流接触器及控制回路电缆,梳理接地线,完善保护逻辑等改进措施。消除故障隐患,设备安全运行无异常。

水汽液化回收装置在柔性直流换流站阀外冷水自动化控制研究

柔性直流换流站阀外冷水温度,直接影响换流站的电能转换效果,为此,该文提出水汽液化回收装置在柔性直流换流站阀外冷水自动化控制方法。主循环泵将换流阀内升温的冷却水传输至冷却塔的换热盘管内,采用喷淋泵将喷淋池内水体喷洒至换热盘管表面,利用水汽液化回收装置,回收蒸发形成的水汽,通过主循环泵将降温后的冷却水传输至换流阀内,形成阀外冷水自动化循环控制。实验证明,该方法可有效自动化控制换流阀进水温度,且超调量较小,可有效降低喷淋水量,节约水资源,同时能够有效控制主循环泵的自动切换。

氯碱生产系统仪表及自控阀异常的分析及处置

针对烧碱装置运行过程中自控系统仪表及自控阀出现的问题,进行了分析,并给出解决措施。

垃圾发电厂主蒸汽调门LVDT振动的原因分析及处理

汽轮机调节系统经过长期的发展,数字式液压调节系统DEH已被广泛应用。DEH电液调节系统是发电厂实现自动化控制必不可少的组成部分,集计算机控制技术与液压控制技术于一体,充分体现了计算机的精确与操作的便利,以及使用高压抗燃油超强的动力,系统动作快速响应准确可靠。文章分析了上海浦发热电能源有限公司1号汽轮机启机后主蒸汽两侧调门LVDT(线性差动位移变送器)异常振动损坏及处理的情况,通过运行、热控手段和更换元件解决了实际问题。

一台锅炉主汽阀裂纹的理化分析及建议

在对一台锅炉主蒸汽阀门的磁粉检测过程中,发现多处密级裂纹缺陷,文中通过微观下的理化检测对裂纹微观形成原因进行分析,并提出合理化建议。