As a consequence of the habituation to low levels of dichlobenil （DCB）, cultured maize cells presented an altered hemicellulose cell fate with a lower proportion of strongly wall-bound hemicelluloses and an increase...As a consequence of the habituation to low levels of dichlobenil （DCB）, cultured maize cells presented an altered hemicellulose cell fate with a lower proportion of strongly wall-bound hemicelluloses and an increase in soluble extracellular polymers released into the culture medium. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative molecular mass distributions of polysaccharides as well as phenolic metabolism in cells habituated to low levels of DCB （1.5 μM）. Generally, cell wall bound hemicelluloses and sloughed polymers from habituated cells were more homogeneously sized and had a lower weight-average relative molecular mass. In addition, polysaccharides underwent massive cross-linking after being secreted into the cell wall, but this cross-linking was less pronounced in habituated cells than in non-habituated ones. However, when relativized, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid contents were higher in this habituated cell line. Feasibly, cells habituated to low levels of DCB synthesized molecules with a lower weight-average relative molecular mass, although cross-linked, as a part of their strategy to compensate for the lack of cellulose.展开更多
Exposure to extreme heat can severely harm crop growth and development,and it is essential to assess such exposure accurately to minimize risks to crop production.However,the actual distribution of crops and its chang...Exposure to extreme heat can severely harm crop growth and development,and it is essential to assess such exposure accurately to minimize risks to crop production.However,the actual distribution of crops and its changes have neither been examined in sufficient detail nor integrated into the assessments of exposure to ensure their accuracy.By examining the distribution of maize at a high resolution through species distribution modeling,we assessed the past and future exposure of maize to temperatures above 37℃worldwide.Such exposure is likely to be widespread and severe,mainly in the subtropics,and may even expand to the mid-latitudes to encompass some major maize-producing areas.Many areas at both high and low latitudes may become exposed for the first time in the next 20 years.By the 2050 s,the total area exposed could increase by up to 185%to 308.18 million ha,of which the area exposed for over 60 days may increase nearly sevenfold.The average length of exposure may increase by 69%to 27 days,and areas optimally suited to maize planting may see the fastest increase by up to 772%.Extreme heat can threaten global maize production severely,and measures to mitigate that threat and to adapt to it are urgently needed.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2008-02470 and AGL201130545-C02-02)by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/C505791/1)+1 种基金received funding through PhD grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation FPI (BES-2009-021688)FPU (FPU/03505) programs, respectively
文摘As a consequence of the habituation to low levels of dichlobenil （DCB）, cultured maize cells presented an altered hemicellulose cell fate with a lower proportion of strongly wall-bound hemicelluloses and an increase in soluble extracellular polymers released into the culture medium. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative molecular mass distributions of polysaccharides as well as phenolic metabolism in cells habituated to low levels of DCB （1.5 μM）. Generally, cell wall bound hemicelluloses and sloughed polymers from habituated cells were more homogeneously sized and had a lower weight-average relative molecular mass. In addition, polysaccharides underwent massive cross-linking after being secreted into the cell wall, but this cross-linking was less pronounced in habituated cells than in non-habituated ones. However, when relativized, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid contents were higher in this habituated cell line. Feasibly, cells habituated to low levels of DCB synthesized molecules with a lower weight-average relative molecular mass, although cross-linked, as a part of their strategy to compensate for the lack of cellulose.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0602402)。
文摘Exposure to extreme heat can severely harm crop growth and development,and it is essential to assess such exposure accurately to minimize risks to crop production.However,the actual distribution of crops and its changes have neither been examined in sufficient detail nor integrated into the assessments of exposure to ensure their accuracy.By examining the distribution of maize at a high resolution through species distribution modeling,we assessed the past and future exposure of maize to temperatures above 37℃worldwide.Such exposure is likely to be widespread and severe,mainly in the subtropics,and may even expand to the mid-latitudes to encompass some major maize-producing areas.Many areas at both high and low latitudes may become exposed for the first time in the next 20 years.By the 2050 s,the total area exposed could increase by up to 185%to 308.18 million ha,of which the area exposed for over 60 days may increase nearly sevenfold.The average length of exposure may increase by 69%to 27 days,and areas optimally suited to maize planting may see the fastest increase by up to 772%.Extreme heat can threaten global maize production severely,and measures to mitigate that threat and to adapt to it are urgently needed.
