Let D be a subset of a normed space X and Tn:D→X with || Tix-Tjy ||≤|| x-y || for all x,y∈D and for all i,j≥1. Given a sequence {xn} in D and two real sequences {tn} and (βn) satisfying (i)0≤tn≤t<1and (sum f...Let D be a subset of a normed space X and Tn:D→X with || Tix-Tjy ||≤|| x-y || for all x,y∈D and for all i,j≥1. Given a sequence {xn} in D and two real sequences {tn} and (βn) satisfying (i)0≤tn≤t<1and (sum from n=1 to ∞(1/n))tn=∞(ii)0≤sn≤1and (sum from n=1 to ∞(1/n))sn<∞(iii)xn+1=tnTn(snTnxn=(1-sn)xn))+(1-tn)xn,n=1,2,3……We prove that if {xn} is bounded, then Hm || Tnxn-xn||=0. The conditions on D,X and Tn are shown which guarantee the weak and storng convergence of the Ishikawa iteration process to a common fixed point of Tn.1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 47H10, Secondary 40A05.展开更多
This study presents evidence from analyses of the acoustic parameters of fluent continuous speech to show that within-paragraph prosodic phrase boundaries are related more to contrasts of neighborhood prosodic states ...This study presents evidence from analyses of the acoustic parameters of fluent continuous speech to show that within-paragraph prosodic phrase boundaries are related more to contrasts of neighborhood prosodic states rather than between-phrase pause durations; prosodic states receive more constraints from higher level discourse information. By revising a modular acoustic model by Tseng＇s hierarchical prosodic phrase grouping framework and examining the much varied prosodic phrase （PPh） boundary B3 within speech paragraph, we show that statistical accounts of layered contributions reveal distinct contrasts between boundary immediate duration and intensity patterns irrespective of pause duration. Contrasts of FO contour patterns were also observed in these locations. Evidence was also obtained to illustrate how PPh boundary states are specified more by higher level discourse information than by lower level prosodic word construction. These combined results suggest that contrastive neighboring prosodic states are more significant cues to PPh boundaries than boundary pause duration. The results also help explain why in fluent speech between-phrase pause durations vary greatly, and can be applied to automatic speech segmentation.展开更多
The effects of prosodic phrase(PP)boundary on the pitch lowering of downstep and focus,as well as the domains of them were investigated in Chinese Putonghua,by using designed sentences which consist of two prosodic ph...The effects of prosodic phrase(PP)boundary on the pitch lowering of downstep and focus,as well as the domains of them were investigated in Chinese Putonghua,by using designed sentences which consist of two prosodic phrases(i.e.,PP1,PP2).The results showed that:(1)The PP boundary blocked the downstep effect in the preceding phrase,indicating that PP is the domain of downstep.(2)The post-focus F0 lowering effect in PP1 spread across the PP boundary and lower the FO contour of PP2.If there is a downstep effect in PP2,the postboundary compression effect of the prior focus will accumulate with the downstep,producing further lowered contour.Therefore,the domain of focus is an intonational phrase(IP).(3)When there is one contrastive focus in each phrase,the outstanding pitch reset elicited by the second focus will block the FO lowering effect of PP1 onto PP2,and the two foci are realized independently.展开更多
提出了一种基于分类回归树(Classification And Regression Tree,CART)的汉语韵律短语识别方法。该方法从语音流中提取与韵律短语边界有关的声学特征,从文本中提取短语边界的语言学特征,并将两类特征有机结合构成CART特征集,建立CART决...提出了一种基于分类回归树(Classification And Regression Tree,CART)的汉语韵律短语识别方法。该方法从语音流中提取与韵律短语边界有关的声学特征,从文本中提取短语边界的语言学特征,并将两类特征有机结合构成CART特征集,建立CART决策模型。开放测试结果显示,利用该CART模型在词边界中识别韵律短语边界,其识别准确率平均可达95.91%。展开更多
文摘Let D be a subset of a normed space X and Tn:D→X with || Tix-Tjy ||≤|| x-y || for all x,y∈D and for all i,j≥1. Given a sequence {xn} in D and two real sequences {tn} and (βn) satisfying (i)0≤tn≤t<1and (sum from n=1 to ∞(1/n))tn=∞(ii)0≤sn≤1and (sum from n=1 to ∞(1/n))sn<∞(iii)xn+1=tnTn(snTnxn=(1-sn)xn))+(1-tn)xn,n=1,2,3……We prove that if {xn} is bounded, then Hm || Tnxn-xn||=0. The conditions on D,X and Tn are shown which guarantee the weak and storng convergence of the Ishikawa iteration process to a common fixed point of Tn.1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 47H10, Secondary 40A05.
文摘This study presents evidence from analyses of the acoustic parameters of fluent continuous speech to show that within-paragraph prosodic phrase boundaries are related more to contrasts of neighborhood prosodic states rather than between-phrase pause durations; prosodic states receive more constraints from higher level discourse information. By revising a modular acoustic model by Tseng＇s hierarchical prosodic phrase grouping framework and examining the much varied prosodic phrase （PPh） boundary B3 within speech paragraph, we show that statistical accounts of layered contributions reveal distinct contrasts between boundary immediate duration and intensity patterns irrespective of pause duration. Contrasts of FO contour patterns were also observed in these locations. Evidence was also obtained to illustrate how PPh boundary states are specified more by higher level discourse information than by lower level prosodic word construction. These combined results suggest that contrastive neighboring prosodic states are more significant cues to PPh boundaries than boundary pause duration. The results also help explain why in fluent speech between-phrase pause durations vary greatly, and can be applied to automatic speech segmentation.
基金supported by the Capacity Building for Sci-Tech Innovation-Fundamental Scientific Research Funds(025185305000/114)
文摘The effects of prosodic phrase(PP)boundary on the pitch lowering of downstep and focus,as well as the domains of them were investigated in Chinese Putonghua,by using designed sentences which consist of two prosodic phrases(i.e.,PP1,PP2).The results showed that:(1)The PP boundary blocked the downstep effect in the preceding phrase,indicating that PP is the domain of downstep.(2)The post-focus F0 lowering effect in PP1 spread across the PP boundary and lower the FO contour of PP2.If there is a downstep effect in PP2,the postboundary compression effect of the prior focus will accumulate with the downstep,producing further lowered contour.Therefore,the domain of focus is an intonational phrase(IP).(3)When there is one contrastive focus in each phrase,the outstanding pitch reset elicited by the second focus will block the FO lowering effect of PP1 onto PP2,and the two foci are realized independently.
基金国家自然科学基金(the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinaunder Grant No.60572159,No.60573184)。
文摘提出了一种基于分类回归树(Classification And Regression Tree,CART)的汉语韵律短语识别方法。该方法从语音流中提取与韵律短语边界有关的声学特征,从文本中提取短语边界的语言学特征,并将两类特征有机结合构成CART特征集,建立CART决策模型。开放测试结果显示,利用该CART模型在词边界中识别韵律短语边界,其识别准确率平均可达95.91%。
