Seepage effects of groundwater and its make-up water on triggering ground subsidence

The functioning mechanism of groundwater and its make-up water in the process of ground subsidence was studied from such three aspects as osmotic corrasion, osmotic pressure effect and concretion effect, As to osmotic corrasion, its forming conditions, mechanical mechanism and process were analyzed, As to osmotic pressure effect, it was mainly studied from hydrostatic pressurizing effect, sop softening effect and negative pressure sealing effect. Through concretion and saturation of soil, the factors of concretion settlement were analyzed. The results showed that both groundwater and its make-up water are important triggering factors to ground subsidence.

Human Survival vs. the Kantian Conception of the Self Reflections on Our Evolutionary Make-up

As we all know, Immanuel Kant holds the view that human beings are quintessentially rational creatures; hence, the emotions are not much more than a form of excessive psychological baggage that human beings could do without. Indeed, for anyone familiar with the television series Star Trek, it would seem that according to Kant human beings bear a quite striking resemblance to the individual known as Spock who is a Vulcan and thus a completely rational creature who does not have emotions and feelings. For Kant, that is how human beings should be when they are at their very best as rational creatures. Interestingly, a question that mightily presents itself is whether or not evolution supports Kant＇s ideal conception of human beings as quintessentially rational creatures. It is quite clear that, unlike Vulcans, human beings are capable of emotions and feelings. Indeed, the capacity for emotions and feelings clearly constitutes a fundamental part of the biological make-up of human beings. With that reality, there are two primary ways we can go. On the one hand, we can hold that notwithstanding the capacity that human beings have for emotions and feelings, it is nonetheless the case that humans should mightily strive to realize the Kantian conception of the rational self. On the other hand, we can hold that the emotions and feelings play a very profound and fundamental role in the survival and self-realization of human beings. In what follows, I shall offer a number of considerations in support of the second line of thought; for in point of fact, the first option is not really an option given the psychological configuration of human beings.

VE系列箱体Break-out Box的故障分析

本文阐述了VE系列控制箱体Break-out Box的功能。文章根据实际生产中出现的Break-out Box故障及其修复过程中出现的问题进行分析,并纠正了电子连线原理图的错误连接点。

Risk of shear failure and extensional failure around over-stressed excavations in brittle rock

The authors investigate the failure modes surrounding over-stressed tunnels in rock.Three lines of investigation are employed:failure in over-stressed three-dimensional(3D) models of tunnels bored under 3D stress,failure modes in two-dimensional(2D) numerical simulations of 1000 m and 2000 m deep tunnels using FRACOD,both in intact rock and in rock masses with one or two joint sets,and finally,observations in TBM(tunnel boring machine) tunnels in hard and medium hard massive rocks.The reason for 'stress-induced' failure to initiate,when the assumed maximum tangential stress is approximately(0.4-0.5)σ_c(UCS,uniaxial compressive strength) in massive rock,is now known to be due to exceedance of a critical extensional strain which is generated by a Poisson's ratio effect.However,because similar 'stress/strength' failure limits are found in mining,nuclear waste research excavations,and deep road tunnels in Norway,one is easily misled into thinking of compressive stress induced failure.Because of this,the empirical SRF(stress reduction factor in the Q-system) is set to accelerate as the estimated ratio σ_(θmax)/σ_c >> 0.4.In mining,similar 'stress/strength' ratios are used to suggest depth of break-out.The reality behind the fracture initiation stress/strength ratio of '0.4' is actually because of combinations of familiar tensile and compressive strength ratios(such as 10) with Poisson's ratio(say0.25).We exceed the extensional strain limits and start to see acoustic emission(AE) when tangential stress σθ ≈ 0.4σc,due to simple arithmetic.The combination of 2D theoretical FRACOD models and actual tunnelling suggests frequent initiation of failure by 'stable' extensional strain fracturing,but propagation in 'unstable' and therefore dynamic shearing.In the case of very deep tunnels(and 3D physical simulations),compressive stresses may be too high for extensional strain fracturing,and shearing will dominate,both ahead of the face and following the face.When shallower,the concept of 'extensional strain initiation but propagation' in shear is suggested.The various failure modes are richly illustrated,and the inability of conventional continuum modelling is emphasized,unless cohesion weakening and friction mobilization at different strain levels are used to reach a pseudo state of yield,but still considering a continuum.

Evolutionary adaptations of human cancer for parasitic life

According to the xenogamous paradigm of cancer origin, pathogenesis and epidemic spread, human cancer is a disease caused by the appearance in the afflicted body of deviant multicellular structures whose cells are aggressive (gobble the afflicted body;grow and divide without respect to normal limits), invasive (invade and destroy adjacent tissues), metastatic (dispersed over embryogenesis at different locations in the body) and transmissible. The causative agent of the human disease has only just been identified as an ancient, unprecedentedly unique parasitic being that sustains itself at the expense of substances and energy derived from its victim’s body. Presented integrative discovery consists of a more systematic description of main adaptations of cancer causative agent to this specific way of life developed over its evolution. Focus is on the main stages of cancer existence including cancerous invasion of a human body, make-up of the parasite, its self-protection from the victim’s immune defense and regulatory management, disposition of cancer sub-units around afflicted body, the self-management of cancer and its nutrition, communication between dispersed cancer units, physiological synchronization between them, horizontal (reproductive) way of cancer transmission between humans.

New Blood Propels Change New make-up of the UN Security Council will influence reform

A new UN Security Council has been unveiled to the world as India,South Africa,Germany,Portugal and Colombia won two-year non-permanent seat on the council.

Black Hair is Beautiful An On-the-spot Report of 1994 XVⅢ Asian Hairstyling & Make-up Competition

From June 7-10 hair and beauty specialists from 20 countries in Asia gathered in Beijing to take part in the 1994 ⅩⅧ Asian Hairstyling and Make-up Competition. This was the first time the event was held in China. At the same time an international cosmetic, hair and skin care products oriental beauty exposition also was taking place. Throughout history men and women have paid attention to physical beauty, both in the West and the East,

Further investigations on the influence of scale-up of a high shear granulator on the granule properties

This study focuses on the characterisation of strength, density, and size of granules produced in various scales of a high shear granulator. Calcium carbonate （Durca165） was used as the feed powder and aqueous polyethylene glycol （PEG 4000） as the binder. The dried granules were analysed for their strength, density, size distribution, and wall make-up. Granules were produced in granulators with four scales, 1, 5, 50, and 250 L under three scale-up rules of constant tip speed, constant shear stress, and constant Froude number. The results show that regardless of equipment scale, increasing the impeller speed has a great effect on crushing strength and stress. The underlying cause is an increase in granule density due to more consolidation at higher impeller speeds. Wall make-up is significantly reduced to less than 5% as the scale is increased from 1 to 250 L. The results of this study corroborate our previous findings that the constant tip speed rule is the best criterion for scale-up of high shear granulators.

Horizontal borehole azimuth optimization for enhanced stability and coal seam gas production

Horizontal boreholes have been widely used to extract natural gas from coal seams.However,these boreholes can encounter severe instability issues leading to production interruption.Optimizing drilling azimuth is a potential solution for enhancing borehole stability while considering gas production.In this work,we improved and implemented a dual-porosity,fully coupled geomechanical-hydraulic numerical model into COMSOL Multiphysics to investigate into this factor.The sophisticated numerical model incorporates various critical factors,including desorption-induced matrix shrinkage,stress-dependent anisotropic fracture permeability,and the interactions of gas flow and reservoir deformation in matrices and fractures.A suite of simulation scenarios(e.g.,varying coal strength)was carried out to quantify the impact of drilling azimuth on coal permeability evolution,cumulative gas production,and the borehole break-out width for Goonyella Middle Seam of Bowen Basin,Australia.The model was calibrated against both theoretical permeability values and field gas production data.Due to the lack of directly measured matrix permeability data,the actual gas production was used to back calculate the best-matched matrix permeability,which is 0.65μD for this particular work.Moreover,based on the breakout shape and induced volumetric strains around the borehole,drilling along the maximum horizontal stress does not necessarily lead to the best stability of the borehole,as generally believed.A drilling azimuth between 0
and 60
results in similar breakout width,whereas a drilling azimuth between 60
and 90
achieves the most efficient gas production.By considering both gas production efficiency and borehole stability,for this particular reservoir condition,the optimum drilling azimuth is determined to be between 45
and 60
.This study presents a practical approach for determining the optimum drilling azimuth in coal seam gas extraction through in seam boreholes.