The abortive behaviour and the cytoplasm quality of cytoplasmic male-sterility(CMS)lines of homocaryon were investigated and the existence of C race of Bipolaris maydiswere discussed from the point of view of genetic ...The abortive behaviour and the cytoplasm quality of cytoplasmic male-sterility(CMS)lines of homocaryon were investigated and the existence of C race of Bipolaris maydiswere discussed from the point of view of genetic breeding,physiology and pathology in this paper.Then the countermeasures to prevent the danger from disease of B. maydis in CMS hybrid pro-duction were proposed.展开更多
An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations....An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm diameter.TS-29-150GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 ram. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines (TNAU18S and TNAU60S) had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively. Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29- 150GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18S and TNAU60S produced 16.6 g and 13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz. TNAU18S/IET21508 (36 g/plant), TNAU18S/IET21044 (13 g/plant), TNAU18S/IET21009 (26.5 g/plant), TNAU60S/CB-09-106 (26.2 g/plant), TNAU60S/IET21009 (14 g/plant) and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306 (39.2 g/plant) showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150GY.展开更多
Somatic hybridization is performed to obtain significant cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines, whose CMS genes are derived either from the transfer of sterile genes from the mitochondrial genome of donor parent to...Somatic hybridization is performed to obtain significant cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines, whose CMS genes are derived either from the transfer of sterile genes from the mitochondrial genome of donor parent to the counterpart of receptor or production of new sterile genes caused by mitochondrial genome recombination of the biparent during protoplast fusion. In this study, a novel male sterile line, SaNa-IA, was obtained from the somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and Sinapis alba. The normal anther development of the maintainer line, SaNa-IB, and the abortive process of SaNa-IA were described through phenotypic observations and microtome sections. The floral organ of the sterile line SaNa-IA was sterile with a shortened filament and deflated anther. No detectable pollen grains were found on the surface of the sterile anthers. Semi-thin sections indicated that SaNa-IA aborted in the pollen mother cell (PMC) stage when vacuolization of the tapetum and PMCs began. The tapetum radically elongated and became highly vacuolated, occupying the entire locule together with the vacuolated microspores. Therefore, SaNa-IA is different from other CMS lines, such as ogu CMS, pol CMS and nap CMS as shown by the abortive process of the anther.展开更多
An interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr. x Cucumis sativus L. (NC4406) was used to establish the developmental sequence and to characterize the male and female gametophytes at cytological level for furth...An interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr. x Cucumis sativus L. (NC4406) was used to establish the developmental sequence and to characterize the male and female gametophytes at cytological level for further understanding of the phylogenic relationship and the mechanism of fertility or sterility in the interspecific hybrid F1 The development of male and female gametophytes was studied through meiotic analysis and paraffin section observation technique, respectively. Meanwhile, the fertility level was assessed through hybrid F1 backcrossing to cultivated cucumber 4406. Variable chromosome configurations were observed in the pollen mother cells (PMCs) of hybrid F1 at metaphase Ⅰ , e.g., univalents, bivalents, trivalents, quadravalents, etc. At anaphase Ⅰ and Ⅱ, chromosome lagging and bridges were frequently observed as well, which led to the formation of polyads and only a partial number of microspores could develop into fertile pollen grains (about 23.3%). Observations of the paraffin sections showed numerous degenerated and abnormal embryo sacs during the development of female gametophytes, and only 40% of the female gametophytes could develop into normal eight-nuclear megaspore. On an average, 22.8 and 6.3 seeds per fruit could be obtained from the reciprocal backcross. The interspecific hybrid F1 of C. hystrix x NC4406 was partially fertile; however, the meiotic behaviors of hybrid F1 showed a high level of intergenomic recombination between C. hystrix and C. sativus chromosomes, which indicated that it plays an important role for introgression of useful traits from C. hystrix into C. sativus.展开更多
The seed samples of Yuetai A, a Honglian (HL) type cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line in hybrid rice were investigated to assess the seed purity and to analyze the cause of off-type plants by imitating the biolog...The seed samples of Yuetai A, a Honglian (HL) type cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line in hybrid rice were investigated to assess the seed purity and to analyze the cause of off-type plants by imitating the biological contaminant to Yuetai A in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and Lingshui, Hainan Province during 2004-2006. The seed impurity of Yuetai A mainly resulted from the genetic drift of restoring fertility gene (Rt) after biological contamination but not from its sterility unstability. All of the ten maintainer lines, five restorer lines and three thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines used in the study could pollinate Yuetai A and Yuetai B to produce F1 plants, directly or indirectly resulting in Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A and generating 'iso-cytoplasm restoring-generations'. Furthermore, high outcrossing rate and similar heading date of Yuetai A with many varieties used in rice production might easily result in the biological contamination. After removing all plants with Rf-gene mixed in Yuetai A and preventing Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A, the seed purity of Yuetai A and Yuetai B had been raised to 100%.展开更多
In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents ...In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2 ∶ 6,the seed production was 3 683. 8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha,the seed production was 3 649. 4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the seed production reached the highest( 4160. 6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production,including the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 7 grains,1. 12 g,and 62. 6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 0 grains,1. 08 g,and59. 2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29. 6grains,1. 24 g,and 71. 6% respectively. The number of grains per spike is the largest component factor for seed production. Increasing the number of grains per spike can increase the seed production. According to the effects of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the component factors of seed production,the optimal condition was 2∶ 5-2∶ 6 for row ratio of male and female parents and 300-450 kg/ha for application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.展开更多
Re-cross was conducted between five ES cytoplasm male-sterile hybrids and four high-oil hybrids, and five normal hybrids, respectively. The oil content, yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size were estimated. Result...Re-cross was conducted between five ES cytoplasm male-sterile hybrids and four high-oil hybrids, and five normal hybrids, respectively. The oil content, yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size were estimated. Results were as follows: The average kernel oil content in the male-sterile hybrid ×high-oil hybrid was 1.6% higher than that of the female parent. The xenia effect value of oil genes was 0.30. The yield and 1000-kernel weight of male-sterile hybrids were 10.1% and 5.8% higher than that of corresponding fertile hybrids respectively, which showed significant cytoplasm effect. The yield of the male-sterile hybrid × high-oil hybrid was similar to that of the female parent, but its 1000-kernel weight was 7.3% lower than that of the female parent. Compared with the high-oil male parent, grain yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size of the male-sterile hybrid× high-oil hybrid were higher. Seed-filling rate, the days of seed-filling and IAA content in the male-sterile hybrid × high-oil hybrid showed average heterosis tending the female parent, which may be perhaps one of the reasons resulting in the average heterosis tending to the female parent on kernel oil content, yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size.展开更多
目的:分析46,XX睾丸型性腺发育异常患者的遗传和临床资料,为加深对该疾病的认识提供依据。方法:收集2017年1月至2023年1月在南京医科大学第一附属医院生殖中心被诊断为46,XX睾丸型性腺发育异常的患者资料,分析其遗传学和临床资料特征,并...目的:分析46,XX睾丸型性腺发育异常患者的遗传和临床资料,为加深对该疾病的认识提供依据。方法:收集2017年1月至2023年1月在南京医科大学第一附属医院生殖中心被诊断为46,XX睾丸型性腺发育异常的患者资料,分析其遗传学和临床资料特征,并对SRY阳性患者取外周血进行SRY基因染色体定位分析。结果:(1)共26例患者被纳入研究,所有患者染色体核型均为46,XX,且AZFa、b、c区全部缺失。患者身高为(168.3±5.9)cm,体重为(64.0±7.5)kg,BMI为(22.66±2.79)kg/m^(2),左侧睾丸体积(2.53±1.16)ml,右侧睾丸体积:(2.74±1.34)ml。精液量为1.35(0.18~2.78)ml,FSH(36.85±18.01)IU/L,LH(19.71±9.71)IU/L,T(6.08±2.71)nmol/L。3例患者最高学历是大学本科,其余均为本科以下学历。(2)SRY阳性患者20例,SRY阴性患者6例。与SRY阳性患者相比,SRY阴性患者合并有生殖系统发育异常问题概率较高(5/6 vs 3/20,P=0.004),而两组在身高、体重、BMI、生殖激素,睾丸体积等参数差异均无统计学意义。(3)14例SRY基因定位分析显示:13例定位于Xp末端,1例定位于15p末端。结论:46,XX睾丸型性腺发育异常患者在遗传学和临床特征上呈现出一定相似性和异质性,需要寻求更好的方案提高患者的生活质量和生活满意度。展开更多
Infertility is a common problem that affects approximately 15% of the population. Although many advances have been made in the treatment of infertility, the molecular and genetic causes of male infertility remain larg...Infertility is a common problem that affects approximately 15% of the population. Although many advances have been made in the treatment of infertility, the molecular and genetic causes of male infertility remain largely elusive. This review will present a summary of our current knowledge on the genetic origin of male infertility and the key events of male meiosis. It focuses on chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination and the problems that arise when errors in these processes occur, specifically meiotic arrest and chromosome aneuploidy, the leading cause of pregnancy loss in humans. In addition, meiosis-specific candidate genes will be discussed, including a discussion on why we have been largely unsuccessful at identifying disease-causing mutations in infertile men. Finally clinical applications of sperm aneuploidy screening will be touched upon along with future prospective clinical tests to better characterize male infertility in a move towards personalized medicine.展开更多
For searching out male sterility-related proteins (polypeptides) in rice(Oryza sativa L. ), we examined the difference of panicle protein (polypeptides) between hybrid rice( Wujin2A/R168, Wujin5A/R988) and their paren...For searching out male sterility-related proteins (polypeptides) in rice(Oryza sativa L. ), we examined the difference of panicle protein (polypeptides) between hybrid rice( Wujin2A/R168, Wujin5A/R988) and their parents (male-sterile line Wujin2A, Wujin5A, and restorerline R168, R988) at the formation stage of pollen mother cell by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE). The results revealed that the 2-DE polypeptide maps were similar among these experimentalmaterials. A small group of polypeptides were disappeared in 2-DE polypeptide maps of male-sterileline (Wu-jin2A, WujinSA) by comparing to restorer line (R168, R988) and the first filial (F, )generation (Wujin2A/R168, Wujin5A/R988). The isoelectric points of these polypeptides were pl5.8-6.5, molecular weight 42. 7 X 10~3-66. 2 X 10~3.展开更多
文摘The abortive behaviour and the cytoplasm quality of cytoplasmic male-sterility(CMS)lines of homocaryon were investigated and the existence of C race of Bipolaris maydiswere discussed from the point of view of genetic breeding,physiology and pathology in this paper.Then the countermeasures to prevent the danger from disease of B. maydis in CMS hybrid pro-duction were proposed.
文摘An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm diameter.TS-29-150GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 ram. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines (TNAU18S and TNAU60S) had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively. Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29- 150GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18S and TNAU60S produced 16.6 g and 13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz. TNAU18S/IET21508 (36 g/plant), TNAU18S/IET21044 (13 g/plant), TNAU18S/IET21009 (26.5 g/plant), TNAU60S/CB-09-106 (26.2 g/plant), TNAU60S/IET21009 (14 g/plant) and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306 (39.2 g/plant) showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150GY.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31330057)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions+1 种基金the Program of International S&T Cooperation of China(1021)the Jiangsu Province Graduate Innovation Fund(XCLX13_899),China
文摘Somatic hybridization is performed to obtain significant cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines, whose CMS genes are derived either from the transfer of sterile genes from the mitochondrial genome of donor parent to the counterpart of receptor or production of new sterile genes caused by mitochondrial genome recombination of the biparent during protoplast fusion. In this study, a novel male sterile line, SaNa-IA, was obtained from the somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and Sinapis alba. The normal anther development of the maintainer line, SaNa-IB, and the abortive process of SaNa-IA were described through phenotypic observations and microtome sections. The floral organ of the sterile line SaNa-IA was sterile with a shortened filament and deflated anther. No detectable pollen grains were found on the surface of the sterile anthers. Semi-thin sections indicated that SaNa-IA aborted in the pollen mother cell (PMC) stage when vacuolization of the tapetum and PMCs began. The tapetum radically elongated and became highly vacuolated, occupying the entire locule together with the vacuolated microspores. Therefore, SaNa-IA is different from other CMS lines, such as ogu CMS, pol CMS and nap CMS as shown by the abortive process of the anther.
基金This paper is translated from its Chinese version in Scientia Agricultura Sinica.This research was partially supported by the Transcentury Training Program Foundation for the Talents by the Ministry of Education of China to Dr.Chen Jinfeng(30470120)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30671419)+2 种基金the National Hi-Tech R&D Program(2004AA241120)the Tang Foundation Cornell-China Scholar Programthe Pickle Seed Research Foundation of Pickle Packers International.The authors sincerely thank Dr.Zhai Huqu,the President of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences for his support in this research.
文摘An interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr. x Cucumis sativus L. (NC4406) was used to establish the developmental sequence and to characterize the male and female gametophytes at cytological level for further understanding of the phylogenic relationship and the mechanism of fertility or sterility in the interspecific hybrid F1 The development of male and female gametophytes was studied through meiotic analysis and paraffin section observation technique, respectively. Meanwhile, the fertility level was assessed through hybrid F1 backcrossing to cultivated cucumber 4406. Variable chromosome configurations were observed in the pollen mother cells (PMCs) of hybrid F1 at metaphase Ⅰ , e.g., univalents, bivalents, trivalents, quadravalents, etc. At anaphase Ⅰ and Ⅱ, chromosome lagging and bridges were frequently observed as well, which led to the formation of polyads and only a partial number of microspores could develop into fertile pollen grains (about 23.3%). Observations of the paraffin sections showed numerous degenerated and abnormal embryo sacs during the development of female gametophytes, and only 40% of the female gametophytes could develop into normal eight-nuclear megaspore. On an average, 22.8 and 6.3 seeds per fruit could be obtained from the reciprocal backcross. The interspecific hybrid F1 of C. hystrix x NC4406 was partially fertile; however, the meiotic behaviors of hybrid F1 showed a high level of intergenomic recombination between C. hystrix and C. sativus chromosomes, which indicated that it plays an important role for introgression of useful traits from C. hystrix into C. sativus.
文摘The seed samples of Yuetai A, a Honglian (HL) type cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line in hybrid rice were investigated to assess the seed purity and to analyze the cause of off-type plants by imitating the biological contaminant to Yuetai A in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and Lingshui, Hainan Province during 2004-2006. The seed impurity of Yuetai A mainly resulted from the genetic drift of restoring fertility gene (Rt) after biological contamination but not from its sterility unstability. All of the ten maintainer lines, five restorer lines and three thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines used in the study could pollinate Yuetai A and Yuetai B to produce F1 plants, directly or indirectly resulting in Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A and generating 'iso-cytoplasm restoring-generations'. Furthermore, high outcrossing rate and similar heading date of Yuetai A with many varieties used in rice production might easily result in the biological contamination. After removing all plants with Rf-gene mixed in Yuetai A and preventing Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A, the seed purity of Yuetai A and Yuetai B had been raised to 100%.
基金Supported by State Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(2016YFD0101603)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in 2016(XDJK2016A020)
文摘In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2 ∶ 6,the seed production was 3 683. 8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha,the seed production was 3 649. 4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the seed production reached the highest( 4160. 6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production,including the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 7 grains,1. 12 g,and 62. 6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 0 grains,1. 08 g,and59. 2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29. 6grains,1. 24 g,and 71. 6% respectively. The number of grains per spike is the largest component factor for seed production. Increasing the number of grains per spike can increase the seed production. According to the effects of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the component factors of seed production,the optimal condition was 2∶ 5-2∶ 6 for row ratio of male and female parents and 300-450 kg/ha for application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
文摘Re-cross was conducted between five ES cytoplasm male-sterile hybrids and four high-oil hybrids, and five normal hybrids, respectively. The oil content, yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size were estimated. Results were as follows: The average kernel oil content in the male-sterile hybrid ×high-oil hybrid was 1.6% higher than that of the female parent. The xenia effect value of oil genes was 0.30. The yield and 1000-kernel weight of male-sterile hybrids were 10.1% and 5.8% higher than that of corresponding fertile hybrids respectively, which showed significant cytoplasm effect. The yield of the male-sterile hybrid × high-oil hybrid was similar to that of the female parent, but its 1000-kernel weight was 7.3% lower than that of the female parent. Compared with the high-oil male parent, grain yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size of the male-sterile hybrid× high-oil hybrid were higher. Seed-filling rate, the days of seed-filling and IAA content in the male-sterile hybrid × high-oil hybrid showed average heterosis tending the female parent, which may be perhaps one of the reasons resulting in the average heterosis tending to the female parent on kernel oil content, yield, 1000-kernel weight and kernel size.
文摘目的:分析46,XX睾丸型性腺发育异常患者的遗传和临床资料,为加深对该疾病的认识提供依据。方法:收集2017年1月至2023年1月在南京医科大学第一附属医院生殖中心被诊断为46,XX睾丸型性腺发育异常的患者资料,分析其遗传学和临床资料特征,并对SRY阳性患者取外周血进行SRY基因染色体定位分析。结果:(1)共26例患者被纳入研究,所有患者染色体核型均为46,XX,且AZFa、b、c区全部缺失。患者身高为(168.3±5.9)cm,体重为(64.0±7.5)kg,BMI为(22.66±2.79)kg/m^(2),左侧睾丸体积(2.53±1.16)ml,右侧睾丸体积:(2.74±1.34)ml。精液量为1.35(0.18~2.78)ml,FSH(36.85±18.01)IU/L,LH(19.71±9.71)IU/L,T(6.08±2.71)nmol/L。3例患者最高学历是大学本科,其余均为本科以下学历。(2)SRY阳性患者20例,SRY阴性患者6例。与SRY阳性患者相比,SRY阴性患者合并有生殖系统发育异常问题概率较高(5/6 vs 3/20,P=0.004),而两组在身高、体重、BMI、生殖激素,睾丸体积等参数差异均无统计学意义。(3)14例SRY基因定位分析显示:13例定位于Xp末端,1例定位于15p末端。结论:46,XX睾丸型性腺发育异常患者在遗传学和临床特征上呈现出一定相似性和异质性,需要寻求更好的方案提高患者的生活质量和生活满意度。
文摘Infertility is a common problem that affects approximately 15% of the population. Although many advances have been made in the treatment of infertility, the molecular and genetic causes of male infertility remain largely elusive. This review will present a summary of our current knowledge on the genetic origin of male infertility and the key events of male meiosis. It focuses on chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination and the problems that arise when errors in these processes occur, specifically meiotic arrest and chromosome aneuploidy, the leading cause of pregnancy loss in humans. In addition, meiosis-specific candidate genes will be discussed, including a discussion on why we have been largely unsuccessful at identifying disease-causing mutations in infertile men. Finally clinical applications of sperm aneuploidy screening will be touched upon along with future prospective clinical tests to better characterize male infertility in a move towards personalized medicine.
文摘For searching out male sterility-related proteins (polypeptides) in rice(Oryza sativa L. ), we examined the difference of panicle protein (polypeptides) between hybrid rice( Wujin2A/R168, Wujin5A/R988) and their parents (male-sterile line Wujin2A, Wujin5A, and restorerline R168, R988) at the formation stage of pollen mother cell by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE). The results revealed that the 2-DE polypeptide maps were similar among these experimentalmaterials. A small group of polypeptides were disappeared in 2-DE polypeptide maps of male-sterileline (Wu-jin2A, WujinSA) by comparing to restorer line (R168, R988) and the first filial (F, )generation (Wujin2A/R168, Wujin5A/R988). The isoelectric points of these polypeptides were pl5.8-6.5, molecular weight 42. 7 X 10~3-66. 2 X 10~3.