Evaluation of the Pharmacological Potential of Strychnos camptoneura Trunk Bark Hydroethanol Extract on Reproductive Functions in Male Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Exposed to Cypermethrin

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological potential of the hydroethanol extract of Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark on reproductive functions in male guinea pigs exposed to cypermethrin. The results showed that administration of the hydroethanolic extract (100 and 250 mg/kg) of Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark after exposure of the animals to cypermethrin induced a highly significant (p Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark produced a highly significant (p Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark may have protective effects against cypermethrin-induced male infertility due to its androgenic, spermatogenic and antiradical properties.

The phytoconstituents and the comparative effects of aqueous extract of Irvingia gabonensis seeds and proviron on the biochemical parameters of male guinea pigs

Objective:To investigate the phytochemical screening and the effects of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis on the biochemical parameters of male guinea pigs.Methods: The biochemical parameters were assayed using Randox Diagnostic kits,Phenolphthalein method and colorimetric method.The phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures.Results:Phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of flavonoids,tannins, carbohydrate,alkaloids,terpenoids,steroids,volatile oils,saponins and cardiac glycosides.The aqueous extract of Irvingia gabonensis seeds(SO - 400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significant(P【 0.05 ANOVA) decrease in the levels of total cholesterol,urea,uric acid,total protein,prostatic, alkaline,and acid phosphatases.The highest reduction effect was obtained with uric acid at 400 mg/kg of Irvingia gabonensis extract while the least effect was observed in total cholesterol. These effects were dose- and time- dependent.Conclusions:This shows that the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis have hepatoprotective,nephroprotective and cardio protective properties.The study therefore,supports the claims on the use of the seeds of this plant by traditional medicine practitioners as a hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agent Although further studies need to be done to isolate,identify and characterize the active principles in the seeds of this plant.

The comparative effects of aqueous extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum seeds and Proviron on the sperm parameters of male guinea pigs

Objective:To investigation the comparative effects of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum (T.conophorum) and Proviron on the sperm parameters of male guinea pigs,and screen phytochemical constituents of the seeds of T.conophorum.Methods:The sperm count,motility and morphology of the male guinea pigs were done using Neubauer chamber(Haemocytometer),light microscope and dilute carbol Fuchsin(1:20) method,respectively.Phytochemical screening was done by standard procedures.Results: The aqueous extract of the T.conophorum seeds(100 -400 mg/kg) caused statistically significant increase (P 【 0.05,ANOVA) in the sperm count and motility,from 67.7±2.10 and 56.5±2.40 to 78.0±3.5 and 75.0±2.8,respectively.The highest effect was obtained at 300 mg/kg of T.conophoru.At this dose, the sperm count and motility of the male guinea pigs administered with T.conophorum were the same with the group administered 12.5 mg/kg Proviron.The values were 78.0±3.50 and 75.0±2.80,respectively for sperm count and motility(P 【0.001,ANOVA).At 400 mg/kg,T.conophorum caused a slight decline in sperm count and motility.These effects were dose-dependent and comparable to the observed effects of Proviron (12.5 mg/kg) on sperm parameters of male guinea pigs.In time-dependent study,the observed effect of T. conophorum(300 mg/kg) and Proviron on the values of sperm count and motility at 14th day were almost the same.These values are 58.0±1.80 and 70.0±2.60,respectively for sperm motility and count.However, on the 7th day of treatment,T.conophorum exhibited highest effect which was higher than that of Proviron. These effects decreased progressively from the 14th to the 28th day.But Proviron showed the highest effect on the 28th day.These effects were all time-dependent and statistically significant at P 【 0.05(ANOVA).Finally, the phytochemical screening of the seeds of T.conophorum revealed the presence of flavonoids,tannins, alkaloids,terpenoids,carbohydrates,volatile oils,steroids,saponins and cardiac glycosides.Conclusion: This study shows that the seeds of T.conophorum possess some active principles that can contribute positively on male fertility.This therefore,supports the claims on the use of the seeds of this plant by traditional medicine practitioners to increase/improve libido in men.However,further studies need to be done to investigate the mechanism of this action and also to isolate and characterize the active principles responsible for this effect in the extracts of this plant.

The effects of aqueous extracts of Tetracarpidium conophorum seeds on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs

Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum and the effect of Proviron(12.5 mg/kg)(as standard) on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs,compare the effects of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum and Proviron,and screen the phytochemical constituents of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum.Methods:The hormonal effects of the Tetracarpidium conophorum and Proviron were tested by hormonal assay,using enzyme immuno assay method.This was done by reaction of antibody with serum testosterone and testosterone label,magnetic solid phase separation and colour development step.Phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. Results:The aqueous extract of the Tetracarpidium conophorum seeds(100-400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significant increase(P【0.05,ANOVA) in the level of testosterone of male guinea pigs,from(2.60±0.06) ng/mL to(3.40±0.05) ng/mL,(3.00±0.60) ng/mL and(3.30±0.45) ng/mL on the 7th,14th and 21st day of the administration of the extracts,respectively.The highest increase was obtained after the 7th day of treatment[(3.40±0.05) ng/mL].These effects were very comparable to the effects of Proviron on the testosterone of male guinea pigs,which were obtained to be(2.80±0.01) ng/mL,(2.90±0.16) ng/mL and(3.10±0.30) ng/mL on the 7th, 14th and 21st day,respectively.These effects were dose-and time-dependent.The optimum effect on testosterone level under dose-dependent study f(4.70±0.45) ng/mL]was obtained at 300 mg/kg of Tetracarpidium conophorum after 7 days treatment.Finally,the phytochemical screening of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannin,alkaloids,carbohydrate,volatile oils,terpenoids,saponins and cardiac glycosides. Conclusion:This study supports the claims on the use of the seeds of this plant by traditional medicine practitioners as a fertility agent.However,further studies need to be done to isolate and characterize the active principle(s) responsible for this activity in this plant.

Effects of aqueous extracts of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs

Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of Irvingia gabonensis(Irvingaceae) seeds on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs.Methods:The hormonal effects of Irvingia gabonensis on hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs were investigated and compared with that of proviron using enzyme immuno assay method,which was done by reaction of antibody with serum testosterone and testosterone label,magnetic solid phase separation and colour development step.The phytochemical screening of Irvingia gabonensis seeds was also carried out using standard procedures.Results:The aqueous extract of the Irvingia gabonensis seeds(50-400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significance increase(P【0.05 ANOVA) of testosterone in male guinea pigs,from (2.70±0.26) ng/mL to(3.10±0.42) ng/mL on the 7th day and to(3.30±0.48) ng/mL on the 28th day of the administration of the extracts.The highest increase was(3.30±0.48) ng/mL,being obtained after 28 days of treatment.These effects were similar to that of proviron,which was (2.80±0.28) ng/mL and(3.00±0.41) ng/mL on the 7th and 28th day of treatment respectively. The phytochemical screening of Irvingia gabonensis seeds revealed the presence of flavonoids. tannin,alkaloids,carbohydrate,volatile oils,terpenoids,saponins and cardiac glycosides. Conclusions:This study supports the claims on the use of the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis by traditional medicine practitioners as a fertility agent.However,further studies need to be done to isolate and characterize the active principle(s) responsible for this activity in this plant.

Effects of soybean isoflavones on reproductive parameters in Chinese mini-pig boars

Background： Soybean isoflavones are structurally similar to mammalian estrogens and therefore may act as estrogen agonists or antagonists. However, it has not been determined if they have any negative effects on reproductive parameters in male livestock. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soybean isofiavones on male reproduction using Chinese mini-pig boars as a model. Fifty Xiang boars were randomly divided into five groups and fed diets containing 0, 125, 250, or 500 ppm soybean isoflavones or 0.5 ppm diethylstilbestrol for 60 days. Results： Dietary supplementation with 250 ppm of soy isoflavones markedly increased the testis index （P 〈 0.05）, fructose content （P 〈 0.05）, and o-glycosidase content in testicular tissue （P 〈 0.01）, as well as increased the number of viable germ cells （P 〈 0.01） and the level of Bcl-2 protein （P 〈 0.01）. However, 500 ppm of soybean isoflavones significantly reduced both testis and epididymis indexes （P 〈 0.0S） and lactate dehydrogenase levels （P 〈 0.01）, as well as reduced serum LH and testosterone levels （P 〈 0.05）. High levels of soybean isoflavones also increased malondialdehyde levels （P 〈 0.05）, as well as increased the numbers of early and late apoptotic germ cells （P 〈 0.01） and the level of Bax proteins （P 〈 0.05） in the testis. Conclusions： The results of this study indicate that consumption of soy isoflavones at dietary levels up to 250 ppm did not adversely affect reproductive parameters in Chinese mini-pig boars whereas higher levels of soy isoflavones may adversely affect male reproduction.

二花脸公猪生长激素分泌特点的研究

采用慢性颈静脉导管连续取样和放射免疫分析法研究了二花脸公猪生长激素（ＧＨ）的分泌特点。实验期从１３：００～１６：００每１５ｎｉｎ采血一次。结果：二花脸公猪ＧＨ的总体水平、基线水平、３ｈ峰频率，峰持续时间和峰强度分别为３．１３±０．６０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，２．０５±０．４６ｎｇ／ｍｌ，１．３０±０．１６个，４１．２５±４．４８ｍｉｎ和８．４１±１．８８ｎｇ／ｍｌ。去势后ＧＨ分泌模式未见有变化，但总体和基线水平分别提高５３．２１％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和１０１．３９％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。１８５日龄去势公猪与１４０日龄的去势公猪比较，ＧＨ分泌模式和水平都无显著差异。结果表明：二花脸生长公猪的生长激素呈脉冲式分泌，去势后ＧＨ分泌水平提高。

去势和非去势公猪背最长肌circRNA差异表达分析

公猪去势可减少异味和打斗,但去势后产肉量和肌内脂肪沉积发生变化,其分子机制的解析对生产具有重要意义。近年来研究表明,环状RNA(circRNA)在肌肉发育中具有重要调控作用。为探究去势后circRNAs对背最长肌发育的调控,本研究选择6头淮南公猪,随机选择3头去势,当体重达130 kg左右屠宰,采集背最长肌样品,利用高通量测序筛选差异表达circRNAs(differentially expressed circRNAs,DECs)并进行KEGG功能富集分析。结合前期筛选的公猪去势相关miRNAs,构建DECs-miRNAs调控网络,最后使用猪骨骼肌卫星细胞验证候选circRNA表达谱及其与miRNA互作关系。结果表明,去势和非去势组背最长肌样品共获得5866个circRNAs,两组之间共有370个DECs(|log2Foldchange|>1,padj<0.8),KEGG富集分析表明,DECs来源母基因主要富集于肌肉发育、肌纤维类型转化、能量代谢等相关通路。构建的DECs-miRNA调控网络共包括69个circRNAs和8个miRNAs。选择circRNA_2241和circRNA_4237进行验证,结果发现这两个circRNAs真实存在且表达趋势与测序结果一致。进一步在猪骨骼肌卫星细胞初步验证circRNA_2241与miR-1互作关系,结果表明睾酮显著促进circRNA_2241表达,同时抑制miR-1表达。本研究结果提示circRNAs可能通过与miRNAs互作调控猪去势后背最长肌发育,从而为解析去势对肌肉发育调控的分子机制提供参考。

大豆黄酮和雌二醇体外灌流公猪垂体组织对GnRH诱导下LH分泌的影响

用不同浓度的大豆黄酮（Ｄａ，处理Ⅰ３９４ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，处理Ⅱ７８７４ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和雌二醇（Ｅ２，处理Ⅲ１００ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ，处理Ⅳ２００ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ）体外灌流公猪垂体前叶组织，观察其对促黄体素（ＬＨ）分泌的影响。灌流２４和４８ｈ后，Ｄａ和Ｅ２灌流组与对照组（处理Ⅴ）相比，垂体ＬＨ体外分泌水平都无明显差异。但在促性腺激素释放激素（ＧｎＲＨ）诱导下，各组ＬＨ分泌水平显著增加，诱导后２０～３０ｍｉｎ出现分泌峰。ＧｎＲＨ诱导后１ｈ，ＬＨ平均水平处理Ⅲ显著高于其他组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；诱导后２ｈ，处理Ⅱ和Ⅲ显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），处理Ⅲ亦高于处理Ⅰ（Ｐ＝０．０５）；诱导后３ｈ，各组ＬＨ分泌无显著差异。结果表明，Ｄａ和Ｅ２对公猪垂体体外ＬＨ分泌无抑制作用，但对ＧｎＲＨ诱导的ＬＨ分泌有一定促进作用。

全公猪肉膻味物质研究进展

粪臭素和雄烯酮是引起公猪肉膻味的主要物质。本文对全公猪膻味物质的概念、种类以及近年国内外对膻味物质的相关研究进行了综述,并且在此基础上提出了关于利用生物方法降解膻味物质的思考,为今后全公猪膻味物质的研究提供一定理论基础和思路。

大豆黄酮对不同生长阶段(阉)公猪生产性能的影响

66窝大约克母猪按预产期间隔地分成试验组和对照组 ,在妊娠第 85天至产后 7天间的试验组母猪料中添加大豆黄酮 8mg/kg ,结果表明 :公仔猪初生重组间无差异 ,但试验组有提高的趋势 ;公仔猪 2 0日龄个体重试验组比对照组高 1.38kg ,差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;公仔猪断奶重 (2 8日龄 )试验组比对照组增加 1.2 1kg ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。断奶和育肥前期“申农I号”阉公猪各 6 0头分别均分为二组 ,试验组日粮中添加大豆黄酮8mg/kg ,试验 2 9d ,结果表明 :断奶仔猪组试验结束时试验组个体重比对照组提高 11.35 % ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,饲料转化率提高 4 .2 8% ;育肥前期组试验结束时试验组头均增重比对照组平均提高 14 .84 % ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,料重比降低 0 .17,饲料转化率提高 5 .6 0 %。

哺乳公猪不同去势日龄增重效果比较试验

哺乳公猪于不同的日龄去势 ,至断奶时其增重效果不同。对 7日龄、14日龄、2 1日龄去势和不去势的哺乳公猪在 2 8日龄断奶时增重效果进行比较试验。结果表明 ,对于去势的哺乳公猪 ,14日龄去势的 ,断奶时增重效果最为明显 ,跟 7日龄和 2 1日龄去势的相比 ,增重效果差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。同时发现 ,不去势的哺乳公猪 ,断奶时增重效果优于去势的公猪。

猪蛔虫雄虫cDNA文库的构建

采用Tripure Isolation Reagent抽提猪蛔虫雄虫成虫的总RNA,用poly(A)PuristTM纯化试剂盒分离mR-NA。分离mRNA后,用Clontech公司的CreatorTMSMARTTMcDNA文库构建试剂盒构建了猪蛔虫雄虫成虫的cDNA文库。结果获得了7.26×105独立克隆,重组率达96.7%,插入片段的平均长度约为1 kb。猪蛔虫雄虫cDNA文库的成功构建为利用文库筛选雄虫差异表达基因提供了材料来源,为研究猪蛔虫性别发育的分子机制奠定了基础。

猪睾丸组织与雄性生殖相关circRNA鉴定

为研究环状RNA(circRNA)在杜洛克和大白猪睾丸中的表达差异,采用去除组织总RNA中核糖体RNA(rRNA)和线性RNA的方法构建特异性猪睾丸circRNA文库,并在Illumina PE150平台上进行测序,测序数据经过质控、比对、拼接后得到用于后续分析的数据。运用生物信息学软件find_circ和CIRI识别circRNA,并进行表达水平统计,从而得到猪睾丸组织circRNA表达谱,然后用DEseq2进行组间表达差异分析,对差异表达circRNA进行功能富集分析以筛选与雄性生殖相关的circRNA。结果发现,共识别到21743个circRNAs,其中632个circRNAs在杜洛克和大白猪中的表达差异显著(|log2(FoldChange)|>1,P<0.05),在杜洛克猪上调表达的circRNAs有281个,下调表达的有351个。差异表达circRNA富集结果显示,有52个GO条目与繁殖相关,其中有9个与雄性生殖相关。经进一步筛选鉴定,有6个与雄性生殖相关的circRNAs(circ_0030058、circ_0009504、circ_00178101、circ_0019933、circ_0033379和circ_0017932),它们可能参与精原细胞分化、精子发生和精子细胞发育等生物学过程。综上所述,杜洛克和大白公猪睾丸中存在表达丰度不同的circRNA,这些circRNA可能参与精子生成,可以作为预测公猪生育能力的生物标记。

公猪肉与去势猪肉氧化性比较研究

为探索荣昌公猪肉(RC)和普通去势猪肉(PT)氧化性的差异和原因,比较RC和PT两种肉及其制品在贮藏中硫代巴比妥酸反应物值(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance,TBARS)的变化,并测定两种原料肉的水分、肌内脂肪含量以及脂肪酸组成。结果表明:在腌肉、冷冻生肉和熟肉中RC的TBARS值均高于PT,但差异不显著;在反复冻融的生肉中RC的TBARS值显著高于PT;RC与PT在水分含量、肌内脂肪含量和脂肪酸的组成方面均存在显著的差异。可见RC较PT更易氧化,但氧化性差异可能不仅仅是因为脂肪酸组成的差异所致。

猪的雌雄连锁图谱的比较研究

用统计的方法,对以一个商品猪群为参考家系,采用163个微卫星标记和3个Ⅰ 型分子标记(RYR1、PRK AG3、PⅠT1)构建的猪常染色体雌、雄连锁图谱的长度进行了比较。结果表明,常染色体的雌性连锁图谱的总长度为2625 9cm,雄性连锁图谱的总长度为2259 7cm,二者比率为1 16∶1;除了1号和14号染色体以外,其余染色体的雌性连锁图谱的长度均比雄性连锁图谱长。1、3、5、6、7、8、10、11、12、13、14、16、17、18号染色体的雌雄连锁图谱的长度差异极显著(P<0 01);9号染色体的雌雄连锁图谱的长度差异为显著(P<0 05);2、4、12、15号染色体的雌雄图谱的长度差异不显著。

猪雄性增强抗原1基因MEA1编码区克隆、表达及生物信息学分析

【目的】克隆猪MEA1基因编码区序列,获得基因表达谱并了解其蛋白质的基本功能。【方法】从GenBank下载猪及近缘物种MEA1序列作为参考序列,设计特异引物从版纳微型猪近交系(BMI)睾丸组织中扩增MEA1基因完全编码序列及部分侧翼序列,对MEA1翻译的蛋白质序列进行多种功能生物信息学分析并构建多物种系统进化树,最后用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测BMI 15个重要组织的MEA1 mRNA转录表达水平。【结果】扩增得到BMI MEA1编码区序列长525 bp,编码174个氨基酸。功能生物信息学分析表明:MEA1含有1个完整的保守结构域,无跨膜螺旋结构,无N端信号肽序列,二级结构以无规卷曲为主,N末端疏水,C末端均亲水,有3类功能活性位点。系统进化分析表明:MEA1基因在进化中高度保守,且与人、长臂猿的亲缘关系最近,符合物种的系统分类地位。多组织相对荧光定量表达分析表明:MEA1基因在睾丸中高表达,在心、肝等其他14个组织中低表达。【结论】为探索BMI MEA1基因在睾丸形成和精子发生过程中的作用及功能奠定基础。

猪雄性生殖干细胞的分离纯化

为了建立猪雄性生殖干细胞的分离纯化方法,以1～2周龄长白猪睾丸组织为材料,采用差异贴壁法和曲细精管培养法对猪雄性生殖干细胞进行分离纯化。结果表明:双酶消化-差异贴壁法和曲细精管培养法均能获得高活力的猪雄性生殖干细胞,但后者的富集效果较好,可以达到40.7%,前者的富集效果为36.9%。差异贴壁法和曲细精管培养法具有操作简单、回收细胞纯度高等优点,可应用于猪雄性生殖干细胞的分离纯化。

生猪养殖场的经营管理

随着市场经济的迅速发展,个体以食用为目的的养猪方式未能完善市场对猪产业的需求,所以养猪行业已经呈现规模化的形势发展。本文主要通过数学建模思想来分析解决如何利用养猪场自己的种猪,自行繁殖的情况下的最高利润与经营方式。并以统计学合理化的安排角度对养猪过程进行了研究,以利用参数方程的思想去优化模型的建立,并通过假设和模拟方案报告了养猪产业和发展趋势呈稳定平衡的现状。

Optimization of culture conditions for short-term maintenance, proliferation, and colony formation of porcine gonocytes

Background: Gonocytes give rise to spermatogonial stem cells, and thereby play an essential role in establishing spermatogenesis. Optimized culture conditions for gonocytes provide an opportunity for their study and in vitro manipulation for potential application in reproductive technologies. Using six experiments in a step-wise design, we examined the effects of several culture conditions on the maintenance, proliferation, and colony formation of porcine gonocytes. Testis cells from neonatal piglets were cultured for 7 d in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The examined culture conditions included using different cell seeding densities, gonocyte proportions, incubation temperatures, sampling strategies, and medium changing regimens.Results: Confluency of cel s was optimal(>90% by ~6 d) when 3.0 × 104 testis cel s/cm2 containing ~40% gonocytes were used. Incubating the cel s at 35 °C or 37 °C resulted in similar cel number and viability at confluency, but incubation at 35 °C resulted in a delayed confluency. In the first 2 d of culture, gonocytes remained mostly floating in the medium and gradual y settled over the next 5 d. Consequently, not changing the medium for 7 d(as opposed to changing it every 2 d) led to a significant increase in the number of gonocyte colonies by reducing the loss of "floating gonocytes".Conclusion: We found that gonocytes require the presence of a critical minimum number of somatic cel s for settlement, and can proliferate and form growing colonies even in a basic medium. Large numbers of viable gonocytes remain floating in the medium for several days. The optimized culture conditions in the present study included seeding with 3.0 × 104 testis cel s/cm2 containing ~40% gonocytes, incubating at 37 °C, and without changing the medium in the first week, which can result in improved colony formation of porcine gonocytes.