Stathmin destabilizing microtubule dynamics promotes malignant potential in cancer cells by epithelial-mesenchymal transition

BACKGROUND： Stathmin is a ubiquitous cytosolic regulatory phosphoprotein and is overexpressed in different human malignancies. The main physiological function of stathmin is to interfere with microtubule dynamics by promoting depolymerization of microtubules or by preventing polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Stathmin plays important roles in regulating many cellular functions as a result of its microtubuledestabilizing activity. Currently, the critical roles of stathmin in cancer cells, as well as in lymphocytes have been valued. This review discusses stathmin and microtubule dynamics in cancer development, and hypothesizes their possible relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT）.DATA SOURCES： A PubMed search using such terms as ＂stathmin＂, ＂microtubule dynamics＂, ＂epithelial-mesenchymal transition＂, ＂EMT＂, ＂malignant potential＂ and ＂cancer＂ was performed to identify relevant studies published in English.More than 100 related articles were reviewed.RESULTS： The literature clearly documented the relationship between stathmin and its microtubule-destabilizing activity of cancer development. However, the particular mechanism is poorly understood. Microtubule disruption is essential for EMT, which is a crucial process during cancer development. As a microtubule-destabilizing protein, stathmin may promote malignant potential in cancer cells by initiating EMT.CONCLUSIONS： We propose that there is a stathminmicrotubule dynamics-EMT（S-M-E） axis during cancer development. By this axis, stathmin together with itsmicrotubule-destabilizing activity contributes to EMT, which stimulates the malignant potential in cancer cells.

Apatinib,S-1 Combined with Paclitaxel Perfusion in the Treatment of Malignant Seroperitoneum of Gastric Cancer

Objective:To analyze the effect of apatinib,S-1 combined with paclitaxel perfusion on malignant seroperitoneum of gastric cancer.Methods:From December 2019 to May 2020,172 patients with gastric cancer treated in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups:observation group and control group,86 cases each.The control group adopted the method of S-1 combined with paclitaxel perfusion therapy in the treatment of malignant seroperitoneum of gastric cancer.The observation group was given oral apatinib on the basis of S-1 combined with paclitaxel perfusion therapy,and the dosage was 500 mg/d.Results:The total effective treatment in the control group was 43.02%,while the total effective rate in the observation group was 69.77%;the drug resistance of the two groups of patients increased and the adverse reactions were low.Conclusion:Apatinib and S-1 combined with paclitaxel perfusion therapy can effectively improve the treatment effect,stabilize the patient's condition,increase the patient's drug resistance to adverse reactions,and have a good prognosis.

Application of ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Diagnosis of Malignant Diseases

Objective To testify the efficacy of ^18F-fluorodeoxyglucose （^18F-FDG） positron emission tomography （PET） in the diagnosis of cancer. Methods A total of 170 patients with diagnosed cancer or suspicious cancer were enrolled in this study, and underwent ^18F-FDG PET. The standard uptake value （SUV） and diameter for each abnormal region in PET images were analyzed. All data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5. Results PET scan identified a primary cancer in 45.8% （11/24） patients. The sensitivity and specificity of PET scan in differentiating malignant lesions from benign ones were 78.8% （52/66） and 77.1% （27/35） respectively. Twenty-nine out of 68 （42.6%） lesions were detected earlier by PET than by computed tomography. The SHV of primary cancer was significantly higher than that of metastatic lymph nodes （5.84± 3.12 vs. 3.14± 2.24, P〈0.001）. And SLIV of primary lung cancer was also significantly higher than that of metastatic lung cancer （6.30±3.01 vs. 2.86±2.37, P〈0.01）.Conclusion ^18F-FDG PET plays a very important role in cancer diagnosis.

Small bowel adenocarcinoma and Crohn's disease: Any further ahead than 50 years ago?

This review of the literature on small bowel carcinoma associated with Crohn's disease specifically addresses the incidence, risk factors, and protective factors which have been identified. It also reviews the clinical presentation, the current modalities of diagnosis, the pathology, treatment, and surveillance. Finally, the prognosis and future direction are addressed. Our experience with small bowel adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease is reported. Readers will be provided with a better understanding of this rare and often poorly recognized complication of Crohn's disease.

Malignant Gastric Cancer Cured by Short-Term Chemotherapy and Long-Term Use of Combined Chinese Medicine:A Case Report

Introduction Gastric cancer is still a major health problem and a leading cause of cancer mortality despite the worldwide decline Jn incidence. Surgery Js the only potentially curative treatment for localized gastric cancer and radical gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy is now recognized as a reasonably safe procedure in experienced centers.

Study on the Correlation between the Detection of Tumor Markers in Abdominal Effusion and Chemotherapy Sensitivity

Since most patients with ovarian cancer are in the advanced stage when they are prone to recurrence,it is difficult to detect and treat ovarian cancer.There are tumor serum markers in the ascites.Therefore,the study explored the correlation between the serum marker levels of the ascites and chemotherapy sensitivity in patients with ovarian malignant tumors.First,50 patients with nested cancer were selected as research subjects and received treatment,and then immediately 200 mg carboplatin+100 mL normal saline was placed in the abdominal cavity of all patients,which was equivalent to an intraperitoneal chemotherapy.Carboplatin+docetaxel combined with intravenous chemotherapy was started 3 weeks after surgery,and chemotherapy was given every 3 weeks for a total of 5 to 6 courses.The serum levels of CA125,CA199,CEA and AFP in peripheral blood and peripheral blood were determined by ELISA.The results showed that the levels of CA125,CA199,CEA and AFP in serum and ascites after chemotherapy were lower than before chemotherapy(P<0.05).The short-term effective rate of 50 ovarian cancer patients(8 CR,28 PR,12 SD,2 PD)was 72.00%.Therefore,patients with ovarian malignant tumors had a good short-term curative effect after chemotherapy,which can reduce the ascites and serum levels of CA125,CA199,CEA,AFP for clinical reference value dual-mode MRI nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy showed good application potential in tumor treatment and diagnosis.

Surveillance for gastrointestinal malignancies

Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are notorious for frequently progressing to advanced stages even in the absence of serious symptoms, thus leading to delayed diagnoses and dismal prognoses. Secondary prevention of GI malignancies through early detection and treatment of cancer-precursor/premalignant lesions, therefore, is recognized as an effective cancer prevention strategy. In order to efficiently detect these lesions, systemic application of screening tests (surveillance) is needed. However, most of the currently used non-invasive screening tests for GI malignancies (for example, serum markers such as alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma, and fecal occult blood test, for colon cancer) are only modestly effective necessitating the use of highly invasive endoscopy-based procedures, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy for screening purposes. Even for hepatocellular carcinoma where non-invasive imaging (ultrasonography) has become a standard screening tool, the need for repeated liver biopsies of suspicious liver nodules for histopathological confirmation can't be avoided. The invasive nature and high-cost associated with these screening tools hinders implementation of GI cancer screening programs. Moreover, only a small fraction of general population is truly predisposed to developing GI malignancies, and indeed needs surveillance. To spare the average-risk individuals from superfluous invasive procedures and achieve an economically viable model of cancer prevention, it's important to identify cohorts in general population that are at substantially high risk of developing GI malignancies (riskstratification), and select suitable screening tests for surveillance in these cohorts. We herein provide a brief overview of such high-risk cohorts for different GI malignancies, and the screening strategies that have commonly been employed for surveillance purpose in them.

Multiple primary malignancies including colon, stomach, lung, breast, and liver cancer： a case report and literature review

Multiple primary malignancies in a single patient are relatively rare but have increase in frequency in recent decades. This may be a result of medical advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, a possible effect of new carcinogens in the industrial environment, and longer life span allowing another primary cancer to develop. Among those with multiple primary malignancies, double cancer is commonly seen, while triple cancers occur in 0.5% of patients, and quadruple or quintuple cancers occur in only less than 0.1% of the population.

Application of Response Evaluation Criteria of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Solid Tumor in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective：To evaluate the objectivity and comprehensiveness of Response Evaluation Criteria of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Solid Tumor（Draft,REC-TCM-ST） in application of Chinese medicine therapeutic effect in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）.Methods：A retrospective clinical research was used in 104 NSCLC patients in stages of Ⅲ-Ⅳ,53 cases were in Chinese medicine（CM） group and 51 cases were in Western medicine（WM） group.The therapeutic effect of the two groups was evaluated with both REC-TCM-ST and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor（RECIST）.Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival time.Kappa test method was used to test the consistency of the two kinds of evaluation results.Results：According to REC-TCM-ST,the effective rate on relieving tumor mass in the CM group was significantly lower than that in the WM group（P〈0.05）,but there was no significant difference in tumor-mass stable rate（P〉0.05）;the symptom of weakness in the CM group was improved significantly,indicating better therapeutic effect than that in the WM group（P〈0.01）.Karnofsky score in the CM group was significantly better than that in the WM group（P〈0.01）.In terms of survival conditions,the median survival time and the survival rate of 6 months,1 year and 2 years of the CM group were higher than the WM group.The total effective rate was 9.62%,and the total stable rate was 72.12%for 104 cases according to RECIST;while the total effective rate was 34.62%,and the total stable rate was 84.62%according to REC-TCM-ST,thus there were significant differences between the results of the two criteria（P〈0.01）,and there was also some consistency between them,but not satisfactory.Conclusions：REC-TCM-ST was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of CM in the treatment of advanced NSCLC,which shows that its evaluation results can better reflect the advantages and disadvantages of CM,and the effectiveness of CM is more objective and comprehensive than RECIST,so REC-TCM-ST is worthy of further improvement and clinical expansion.

A Clinical Retrospective Analysis of 340 Inpatients With Malignant Skin Tumors in Western Inner Mongolia

Objective:This study was performed to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of inpatients with malignant skin tumors in western Inner Mongolia during the past 10 years.Methods:We collected the clinical data of inpatients with histopathologically diagnosed malignant skin tumors admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from June 2008 to December 2018.Morbidity was compared using the Chi-square test.Results:In total,340 inpatients with malignant skin tumors were evaluated,including 163(47.94%)patients with basal cell carcinoma,134(39.41%)with squamous cell carcinoma,5(1.47%)with malignant melanoma,21(6.18%)with Bowen disease,and 6(1.76%)with Paget’s disease.Four(1.18%)patients had metastatic skin cancer and seven(2.06%)had other malignant skin tumors.The patients comprised 132(38.8%)men and 208(61.1%)women,and there were no statistically significant sex-related differences among the skin malignancies(χ^(2)=5.006,P>0.05).Among the 340 patients,314(92.4%)were of Han nationality and 26(7.6%)were of ethnic minorities.Statistically significant differences were found in the various types of malignant skin tumors between the Han and minority groups(χ^(2)=19.446,P<0.05).Among the selected patients,61.76%were farmers and herdsmen,and the sites mainly affected were the head,face,neck,trunk,limbs,and vulva.Conclusion:The incidence of malignant skin tumors in western Inner Mongolia has substantially increased during the past decade,especially in the past 2 years.Therefore,we should increase the awareness of prevention and treatment of malignant skin tumors to achieve early diagnosis and treatment effects.

Adoptive therapy with CAR redirected T cells for hematological malignancies

The survival of patients with hematological malignancies has been significantly improved due to the development of new therapeutic agents. However, relapse remains a major matter for concern. Recently, T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptor(CAR) were reported to show unprecedented responses in a range of hematological malignancies. The persistence of the CAR-T cell can last for years and tends toward long-term antitumor memory by which relapses can be effectively prevented. The primary side effects that appear in most clinical trials are cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. However, these symptoms can be treated and reversed. In this review, we describe CAR structure and function and summarize recent advances in CAR-T cell therapy in hematological malignancies.