Membranous nephropathy （MN） is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Its insidious onset and progression often hinder timely renal biopsy and early diagnosis delaying treatment while worsening progn...Membranous nephropathy （MN） is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Its insidious onset and progression often hinder timely renal biopsy and early diagnosis delaying treatment while worsening prognosis. The complication of malignant hypertension （MHT） is rarely seen in idiopathic MN. To provide a better understanding of the disease we report a case of idiopathic MN diagnosed by biopsy six years after onset.展开更多
Dear Sir,I am Dr. Xiao-Qiang Liu, from the Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. I write to report a case of malignant hypertensive retin...Dear Sir,I am Dr. Xiao-Qiang Liu, from the Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. I write to report a case of malignant hypertensive retinopathy demonstrated by spectral domain optical coherence展开更多
Acute thoracic aortic dissection is part of the acute aortic syndrome triad.Caused by an intimal tear in the lumen of the aorta,it leads to the creation and propagation of a false lumen.In the acute setting this can l...Acute thoracic aortic dissection is part of the acute aortic syndrome triad.Caused by an intimal tear in the lumen of the aorta,it leads to the creation and propagation of a false lumen.In the acute setting this can lead to malignant hypertension,pain and end organ malperfusion.In the chronic setting it can lead to aneurysm formation and rupture.It remains the most common aortic emergency,affecting up to 4 per 100000 people per year in the United Kingdom and United States.Despite advances in treatment and centralisation of vascular services,it continues to be associated with a high pre-admission and in-hospital mortality.Dissection is classified in several ways according to anatomical extent,timing and underlying pathology,all of which guides clinical management.Traditionally,medical management has been the mainstay of treatment in patients with uncomplicated disease.Surgery has been used in symptomatic patients.With published information now available from several prospective international registries,we are beginning to see the advantages of newer surgical treatment options such as endovascular repair,in the acute setting.This review provides an update on diagnosis and management of aortic dissection,including new information that has become available in recent years.展开更多
文摘Membranous nephropathy （MN） is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Its insidious onset and progression often hinder timely renal biopsy and early diagnosis delaying treatment while worsening prognosis. The complication of malignant hypertension （MHT） is rarely seen in idiopathic MN. To provide a better understanding of the disease we report a case of idiopathic MN diagnosed by biopsy six years after onset.
文摘Dear Sir,I am Dr. Xiao-Qiang Liu, from the Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. I write to report a case of malignant hypertensive retinopathy demonstrated by spectral domain optical coherence
文摘Acute thoracic aortic dissection is part of the acute aortic syndrome triad.Caused by an intimal tear in the lumen of the aorta,it leads to the creation and propagation of a false lumen.In the acute setting this can lead to malignant hypertension,pain and end organ malperfusion.In the chronic setting it can lead to aneurysm formation and rupture.It remains the most common aortic emergency,affecting up to 4 per 100000 people per year in the United Kingdom and United States.Despite advances in treatment and centralisation of vascular services,it continues to be associated with a high pre-admission and in-hospital mortality.Dissection is classified in several ways according to anatomical extent,timing and underlying pathology,all of which guides clinical management.Traditionally,medical management has been the mainstay of treatment in patients with uncomplicated disease.Surgery has been used in symptomatic patients.With published information now available from several prospective international registries,we are beginning to see the advantages of newer surgical treatment options such as endovascular repair,in the acute setting.This review provides an update on diagnosis and management of aortic dissection,including new information that has become available in recent years.
