Adaptation Management of Mountain Tourism Service: The Case of the Source Regions of the Yangtze and Yellow River

Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management pIatform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas.

Yellow River Basin management and current issues

Soil loss, water shortage, flooding, sedimentation and water pollution are the major problems affecting the sustainable development of the Yellow River basin. Their impacts and management strategies are briefly discussed in this paper. The integrated management strategy, which includes one ultimate goal, four standards, nine countermeasures, and the concept of 'three Yellow Rivers,' is a contemporary management strategy and represents the vision of the Chinese government and engineers for the sustainable development of the Yellow River basin.

Garden Groundcover of Yellow River Delta

Based on site condition of Yellow River Delta,the significance,designing,planting and maintenance management of garden groundcover were analyzed in a systematic way,which provided reference for urban greening in the region.

The Sustainable Utilization of Lake Resources in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

Based on geographical and hydrological characteristics of lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, this paper analyzes the factors restricting the sustainable utilization of lake resources, including the conflict among agriculture water conservancy, and fishery, lake water pollution and eutrophication, lake siltation and swamping. The countermeasures and suggestions, such as improving the strategic status of lake harnessing, strengthening integrated management of lakes and their watershed, strengthening researches on lake environment and lake resources, are proposed to practice the sustainable utilization of lake resources.

Natural Disasters of the Lower Reaches of Yellow River during the Longshan Period——The Natural Background of Dayu's Flood Control

It is very important to study the archaeological culture and origin of civilization in ancient China.The changes of the channels in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in the prehistoric period are part of the natural environmental background of the development of the ancient civilization in that area to be explored.This paper presents a series of legends,indications,scientific evidence,and macroscopic geographical background information of the evolution in the lower reaches of the Yellow River during the Longshan period.At first the river flowed from Northern Henan and Hebei to southwestern Shandong Province and Northern Anhui–Jiangsu provinces,and the mainstream of the Yellow River changed from the southeast to return to the north and flowed into the Bohai Sea in the late Longshan Period.During this period,floods were frequent.Various ethnic groups in the northern China plains suffered natural disasters and made great migrations which also contributed to the ethnic exchanges and integration.The people of the Central Plains made more dynamic adjustments in the relationship between mankind and the land by primitively escaping from the water and self–defensively controlling the rivers then to maintaining the local ecological environment by large–scale flood control measures,which promoted the settlement of Shandong,Henan,Jiangsu and Anhui provinces,the urban cultural development,and social evolution.Based on these events,the culture symbol of Dayu's Flood Control could be formed.

A Study on Ecological Management for the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan

Promoting ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin is a major national strategy that is planned and promoted by President Xi Jinping.As an important ecological formation in the Yellow River Basin and an important part of the“China Water Tower,”the Sichuan part of the Yellow River Basin plays an important role in ecological management of the whole basin.Therefore,based on the present situation and the rich experience of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan,this study puts forward a feasible plan for long-term ecological management of the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan.

Three-Dimensional Water Quality Model Based on FVCOM for Total Load Control Management in Guan River Estuary,Northern Jiangsu Province

Guan River Estuary and adjacent coastal area(GREC) suffer from serious pollution and eutrophicational problems over the recent years.Thus,reducing the land-based load through the national pollutant total load control program and developing hydrodynamic and water quality models that can simulate the complex circulation and water quality kinetics within the system,including longitudinal and lateral variations in nutrient and COD concentrations,is a matter of urgency.In this study,a three-dimensional,hydrodynamic,water quality model was developed in GREC,Northern Jiangsu Province.The complex three-dimensional hydrodynamics of GREC were modeled using the unstructured-grid,finite-volume,free-surface,primitive equation coastal ocean circulation model(FVCOM).The water quality model was adapted from the mesocosm nutrients dynamic model in the south Yellow Sea and considers eight compartments:dissolved inorganic nitrogen,soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP),phytoplankton,zooplankton,detritus,dissolved organic nitrogen(DON),dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP),and chemical oxygen demand.The hydrodynamic and water quality models were calibrated and confirmed for 2012 and 2013.A comparison of the model simulations with extensive dataset shows that the models accurately simulate the longitudinal distribution of the hydrodynamics and water quality.The model can be used for total load control management to improve water quality in this area.

水土保持生态建设下的黄土高原典型流域水沙响应

为探讨黄土高原多沙粗沙区流域水沙关系演变特征及其对水土流失治理的响应,以黄河中游无定河流域为研究对象,综合采用水沙关系曲线、数理统计等多种方法,系统分析1956—2019年间无定河流域水沙关系多时间尺度演变特征及其与水土流失治理的协同响应。研究结果表明:1)研究时段内,无定河流域年径流及年输沙量呈锐减趋势(P<0.05),且均在1970年左右发生减少突变;2)流域水沙关系在年际和场次洪水尺度上均发生深刻变化。2010年以后,暴雨频发导致流域内侵蚀物源头供应明显增加,流域河道泥沙输送能力小幅提高;3)水土保持措施实施对流域水沙锐减影响较大。2000年前后在相似降雨条件下,单位降雨量径流量和单位降雨量输沙量较20世纪70年代减少47%和62%。水土保持措施面积增加与流域径流输沙减少呈现较好的一致性,流域水土流失治理在提高黄河多沙粗沙区流域下垫面抗侵蚀能力等方面发挥重要作用。研究结果可为科学认知区域水土流失治理成效及入黄泥沙锐减成因提供参考。

尊重黄河生命性提升黄河生命力:基于复杂系统管理思维

黄河治理是一项复杂系统工程,深刻认识黄河流域的本质属性与形态特征,并依据其提出治理原则对于破解当前黄河治理新阶段治理目标与路径,实现黄河流域高水平治理与社会经济高质量发展具有重要意义.基于黄河生命性所引发的黄河治理的复杂性认知,本文对有生命的黄河与受伤的黄河等黄河流域现象实体本质属性与形态特征进行了剖析,从有生命的黄河自然环境、有生命的黄河人类社会、有生命的黄河流域三方面阐述了黄河治理的生命性内涵,并进一步提出了黄河治理的尊重生命和平衡稳定思维原则以及共生治理实践原则.在所提原则的指导下,提出当前黄河治理的行动要点,主要包括三方面:遵循黄河生命性内在规律办事,重点发挥黄河自然恢复力,科学发掘黄河生命自然价值.本文强调黄河治理需尊重黄河生命性,提升黄河生命力的重要性,为黄河复杂系统治理提供决策参考.

以加速治黄科技创新发展黄河保护治理新质生产力

科技创新是新质生产力发展的核心驱动力,水利科技创新将为江河保护治理新质生产力发展提供强大动能。简要追溯了“新质生产力”概念的提出过程与科学内涵,论述了水利新质生产力的三大表现特征,提出了发展水利新质生产力的三大主要抓手,即高质量标准体系、高水平技术体系、高效能管理体系。结合目前治黄事业中面临的科技挑战,聚焦治黄科技创新的六大学科集群,加快创新步伐,发展黄河保护治理新质生产力,引领治黄事业高质量发展。

黄河流经省域国家级自然保护区管理成效评估

开展自然保护区管理成效评估是实现保护管理目标的有效途径,但我国现有管理评估多集中于单一、同类型、同省域内的自然保护区,对中大型尺度多类型自然保护区管理成效的评估较少。黄河流经省域分布着许多国家重点生态功能区,国家级自然保护区作为生态屏障的重要基础,在维持区域生态安全方面具有突出作用。为促进区域生态保护和高质量发展,本文通过构建5类共26项的管理成效评估指标体系,采用基于证据的专家打分法,评估了黄河流经省域内82处国家级自然保护区2016—2020年间的管理成效,在识别影响管理成效关键因素的基础上提出了针对性的对策建议。结果表明:①2016年以来,黄河流经省域82处国家级自然保护区管理成效总体较好,优秀率达26.83%,良好率达64.63%,主要体现在管理主体、本底调查、保护对象等指标的平均得分较高。②Spearman相关分析表明,管理级别越高、建立越早,公共服务、规章制度、经费保障等方面越完善的保护区管理成效越好;此外,基础设施与日常巡护,科研监测与科普宣教、信息化建设,社区关系与生态修复、保护对象指标间存在显著正相关;③管理成效的短板主要体现在人才建设、综合执法、社区发展、人类干扰等方面,建议有关单位在人才队伍、行政执法、生态补偿等方面加以完善,以提升管理效果。

黄河和永定河治与管的异同及战略思考

黄河和永定河自然禀赋相似,在我国经济社会高质量发展和生态安全战略实施中地位重要,在治理中存在相通之处。系统阐述了黄河、永定河自然禀赋的相似和差异,分析了二者系统治理的战略需求,对标黄河流域系统治理的战略布局和成效,提出了永定河流域综合治理提升的战略思考,以期为促进黄河和永定河流域系统治理和高质量发展提供参考。

黄河流域计划用水管理现状问题分析及建议

随着黄河流域水资源供需矛盾问题的日益突出,全面实行计划用水管理是缓解黄河流域水资源短缺的有效途径之一。颁布实施的《节约用水条例》为计划用水管理具体工作提供了根本遵循,黄河流域计划用水管理工作取得一定成效。随着计划用水管理对象数量的迅速增多,计划用水管理工作同样面临一些问题,对计划用水管理对象认识不清晰、管理不规范、超计划处理不及时不到位等,文章分析提出分类实施计划用水管理、加快加强计划用水信息化建设、不断完善节水制度建设、规范计划用水管理工作、加强监管和技术指导等有针对性的对策和建议,旨在为进一步完善计划用水管理工作提供参考,高效有序地开发利用水资源。

黄河流域水资源超载地区和短缺地区的判定与动态管理

黄河流域水资源短缺,而能源富集,工业用水需求强劲,水资源开发利用率高达80%,如何协调生态保护和高质量发展的关系,实现对水资源超载地区、短缺地区的动态管理,至关重要。在分析水资源承载能力的概念定义和内涵发展的基础上,总结了水资源超载地区和短缺地区的定义和判定标准,对黄河流域九省(自治区)进行了综合研判,并从水资源刚性约束、水资源监测和管控策略等方面提出了水资源动态管理的关键措施,以期为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展国家战略的水安全保障提供决策参考。

黄河流域生态系统服务价值核算及生态管理分区

为了给黄河流域实施生态环境精细化管理和生态治理差异化管控提供参考,采用“单位面积价值当量因子方法”对黄河流域1995—2020年4类11种生态系统服务的价值(ESV)进行核算,采用Pearson相关分析方法对研究期6个典型年份流域各类生态系统服务之间的权衡与协同关系进行测度,同时借助空间自相关方法对黄河流域进行生态管理分区划定。得出结论如下:1)研究期内,黄河流域的ESV呈增加趋势。就土地利用类型来看,农田、湿地和荒漠的ESV占比减小,而森林、草地和水域的ESV占比的变化趋势则与之相反。供给服务、支持服务和文化服务的ESV占比均呈现减小趋势,而调节服务、支持服务构成了区域ESV的主体。空间上,单位面积ESV在东西走向上呈现“凹”形,在南北走向上呈现“凸”形。2)黄河流域各类生态系统服务之间显著正相关,强协同关系占比为47.27%,表明研究期内各生态系统服务之间成协同关系。3)将黄河流域410个研究单元划分为4个一级分区和13个二级分区,并提出相应生态管理措施。

Necessity and feasibility for an ET-based modern water resources management strategy: A case study of soil water resources in the Yellow River Basin

The necessity and feasibility of an ET-based modern water resources management was analyzed to improve assessment of critical water resources scarcity in the region/basin. This analysis was based on the whole water cycle process and its analysis object is evapotranspiration (ET), a main consumption component in the water resources dynamic transformation process. A case study was undertaken by selecting soil water resources in the Yellow River Basin and employing the WEP-L distributed hydrological model with physics mechanisms. This paper discusses the amount and consumption efficiency of soil-water resources according to completely simulated results of water cycle elements throughout the basin. Results indicate that it is important for the ET-based modern water resources management strategy to alleviate water resources scarcity because it may not only avoid unused water wasting but also improve water use efficiency. Therefore, an ET-based modern water resources management scheme is a good complement to the traditional water resources demand management system.

黄河河口治理战略实践及其研究综述

基于“战略”一词的概念定义,将黄河河口的综合治理归纳为防洪减灾安全、流路科学运用、泥沙调控处理、河流供给均衡、生态系统健康、人地系统协调发展等六大战略;系统梳理了各战略在河口治理中的实践历程和研究进展,总结分析各战略研究的适应性与局限性;在此基础上提出了今后开展黄河河口治理战略研究的主导方向。

新形势下黄河的治理方略

在阐述近代以来治黄对策和黄河“水少沙多”等问题基础上,提出新形势下黄河下游宽河段治理方略为“三堤共存、槽滩共治”,即以靠溜河道工程为依托,将生产堤改建成坚固的防护堤作为第一道防线,由大堤及其防护工程构成第二道防线,将大堤到控导工程的道路加固成格堤,按“平顺护弯、以弯导流”原则整治河槽,同时在整治工程对岸滩区边沿建护滩工程;对窄河段只需局部扩宽即可大幅提升过洪能力,另需将其中明显碍洪工程进行改造或拆除,解放相关滞洪区并降低宽河段滩区行洪要求。减少入黄沙量的治本之策为采用工程措施与新工艺新材料淤地坝修筑技术,改变水土严重流失区的侵蚀地理环境,结合近自然修复良性生态治理技术,主动拦减流域沟坡产沙并永续发挥生态效益。尽早建成古贤与黑山峡水利枢纽,并激发三门峡这一骨干工程的调控作用,共同构建黄河水沙调控体系的主体构架,建立全河水沙调控及水资源优化配置机制,确保全河水沙关系协调,遏制宁蒙等河段河情恶化势头。为解决黄河下游水少问题,应恢复黄河、汶河洪水进出东平湖条件及南四湖洪水入黄功能,将沿黄已建和拟建平原水库连通,发挥水资源调配作用;若在南水北调中线工程以东修建“河南运河”,黄河下游段即成邻近流域排洪入海通道,将其灾害水变成黄河下游冲沙、灌溉及生态用水;实施“川水济黄、藏水补川”工程,实属关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计。

全面贯彻落实《黄河保护法》 开创流域治理管理新局面

《中华人民共和国黄河保护法》的正式施行,是国家“江河战略”法治化的又一标志,为强化流域治理管理注入法治力量、提供了制度化遵循。文章梳理了《黄河保护法》施行以来,水利部黄河水利委员会在推进黄河保护治理方面取得的一系列新进展新成效,分析了依法强化流域治理管理面临的新形势新任务,提出了坚持以法治思维和法治方式推进流域治理管理的工作举措,旨在沿着法治轨道加强黄河保护治理,以新阶段黄河流域水利高质量发展为中国式现代化提供有力的水安全保障。

黄河三角洲柽柳人工林对土壤有机碳组分及碳库管理指数的影响

为探讨滨海盐碱区柽柳人工林对土壤有机碳组分及碳库管理指数的影响,以黄河三角洲不同林龄(3 a、8 a、12 a)柽柳人工林为研究对象,采用时空互代法,以毗邻的无林地(CK)为对照,研究了林龄变化对土壤有机碳(SOC)、活性有机碳(DOC、MBC、EOC)、惰性有机碳(ROC)及碳库管理指数(CPMI)的影响。结果表明:林龄能够影响不同土层SOC及其组分含量,并随土层深度增加而逐渐降低;林龄对SOC及其组分含量的影响一致,均表现为12 a>8 a>3 a>CK,其中3种林龄SOC平均含量(0-60 cm)较CK分别增加23.95%、46.38%和111.03%,DOC、MBC和EOC平均含量则以12 a增加最多,分别增加了127.06%、68.99%和78.49%,明显高于其它林龄,而ROC分别为CK的1.22倍、1.59倍和1.87倍,增加显著;不同林龄0-20 cm表层SOC及其组分含量显著高于其它土层(P<0.05),呈现明显的表聚现象,除3 a、12 a土层20-40 cm与40-60 cm土壤MBC含量无显著差异外,其它土层间均差异显著(P<0.05);林龄的增加提高了各层土壤的CPMI,其中以12 a最高、8 a次之,且8 a与12 a提高显著;相关性分析表明,SOC及各组分间均达到显著和极显著水平。土壤EOC、DOC、MBC及ROC碳组分分别解释了SOC变化的93.50%、83.00%、53.82%和91.89%。综上,在滨海盐碱地区,林龄的延长有利于林地土壤有机碳各组分含量的积累和CPMI的提高。