Addictive behaviors in liver transplant recipients: The real problem?

Liver transplantation(LT) is the gold standard treatment for end-stage liver disease. Whatever the primary indication of LT, substance abuse after surgery may decrease survival rates and quality of life. Prevalence of severe alcohol relapse is between 11 and 26%,and reduces life expectancy regardless of the primary indication of LT. Many patients on waiting lists for LT are smokers and this is a major risk factor for both malignant tumors and cardiovascular events post-surgery. The aim of this review is to describe psychoactive substance consumption after LT, and to assess the impact on liver transplant recipients. This review describes data about alcohol and illicit drug use by transplant recipients and suggests guidelines for behavior management after surgery. The presence of an addiction specialist in a LT team seems to be very important.

Implementation of Medical Behavior Management System in Operating Rooms

Objective:To strengthen personnel management for a clean operating room and ensure an automatic,intelligent,and scientific workflow.Methods:The medical behavior management system has been implemented to monitor and manage medical personnel entering and exiting the operating room,so as to meet the standard requirements of the operating room.Results:The flow of personnel has been controlled effectively,the flow in and out of the operating room has been optimized,the management level of the operating room has improved,and the cost has been cut down.Conclusion:With the advent of the information age and the continuous improvement of the management system,the management of operating rooms has become more reasonable and humanized;the management mode,working environment,and the overall quality of nursing work in operating rooms have improved.

Blood pressure-controlling behavior in relation to educational level and economic status among hypertensive women in Ghana

Objective:To explore the association between economic status and educational level with self-management behavior(medication adherence,controlling body weight,reducing salt intake,performing physical exercise,reducing alcohol consumption,abstaining from smoking,increasing fruit and vegetable consumption)among hypertensive women in Ghana.Methods:Cross-sectional data on 598 women were collected from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey of 2014.The association between economic status and educational level with self-management behavior was measured by logistic regression methods.Results:Mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 131.4 and 86.58 mm Hg,respectively.With regard to self-management behavior,81.8%of women reported taking medication to control high blood pressure,44.4%reported controlling body weight,22.5%reported reducing salt intake,48.3%reported performing physical exercise,74.2%reported reducing alcohol consumption,74.2%reported abstaining from alcohol and smoking,and 20.2%reported consuming more fruits and vegetables.Women living in the wealthiest households had significantly higher odds of maintaining healthy weight,reducing salt intake,and exercising.Conclusion:The findings imply that socioeconomic factors may play important roles in women’s adherence to blood pressure-controlling behavior.It is therefore suggested that policy makers focus on improving women’s economic status as a strategy to encourage cardiovascular health-promoting behavior.

Fairness of Extra-Gain Guilty in Performance of Supply Chain and Contract Design

Considering a one-supplier and two-retailer supply chain setting in which the supplier makes contacts with retailers in sequence based on FCFS(first–come–first-service) principle, the authors investigate the marginal effect of extra-gain guilty fairness concerns of supply chain members on the contract design, supply chain's profit and profit distribution. When the supplier considers distributional fairness of loss aversion and extra-gain guilty, extra-gain guilty concern reduces the optimal wholesale and retail price, and improves supply chain performance. When the first or the second retailer considers distributional fairness and peer-induced fairness, extra-gain guilty concerns decrease the optimal wholesale and retail price but increase the profit of all supply chain members only when the level of loss aversion is large enough and the level of extra-gain guilty is less than 1/2. However, when the level of loss aversion is small and the level of extra-gain guilty is less than 1/2, extra-gain guilty has no influence on supply chain performance. The analysis reveals that the supply chain performance can be further improved by considering fairness of extra-gain guilty.

Price squeeze under fairness: the road to supply chain coordination with a powerful retailer

This research investigates the impacts of the manufacturer’s fairness concerns on the supply chain performance when the power retailer implements a price squeeze and market service investment together.Through game-theoretic modeling,we find that 1)in the absence of fairness,although the manufacturer may be worse off due to possessing imperfect information on the price squeeze rate,the channel may be coordinated through an ex-ante negotiation between the two parties.2)When the manufacturer has fairness concerns for price squeeze,both channel performance and brand goodwill are made worse by disadvantageous inequality and improved by advantageous inequality versus the case of no fairness concerns.Furthermore,channel members’ex-ante negotiations regarding a profit reallocation scheme under certain conditions may achieve the following three objectives:generating a channel profit of the coordination level,promoting brand goodwill to the level of the integrated channel,and creating an equitable channel relationship.

The Design of Behavior Management Institution Based on Special Symbols and Measure Optimizing-Taking the Design of the Institution of Controlling the Pollution Behavior of Enterprises as an Example

Taking the institution design of controlling the pollution behavior of enterprises as an example, the symbol system specialized for the design and analysis of behavior management institution is put forward, which predigests the institution design greatly and make the process of institution design much like the engineering design. The measure combination method for improving the parameters of the institution, the arithmetic for calculating the validity of the institution and the arithmetic for calculating the behavior probability of the irrational managed are also put forward, which make the design and analysis technology of behavior management institution more practical.