In the era of stock development following the acceleration of urbanization,the revitalization of urban green space has assumed an increasingly significant role.Consequently,the management of urban trees has emerged as...In the era of stock development following the acceleration of urbanization,the revitalization of urban green space has assumed an increasingly significant role.Consequently,the management of urban trees has emerged as a critical focus of urban governance,contributing to the enhancement of livability in human settlements.This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the urban tree management system in Oxford,UK,identifying that its primary objective is to optimize and maintain a harmonious balance between human activities and the natural environment through the implementation of high-quality planting practices.The system emphasizes enhanced management practices and establishes a robust framework for the development of targeted policies and management regulations,utilizing i-Tree eco-efficiency assessment and real-time feedback mechanisms.China’s urban tree management is in its nascent stages,and there is an urgent need for the development of urban green space.By adopting the refined management assessment methodologies employed for urban trees in Oxford,UK,it is possible to enhance the ecological value of urban trees,which represent a significant green resource within cities,and contribute to the creation of more livable urban spaces.展开更多
电源管理芯片在超过可承受温度范围工作时会对自身造成不同程度的损坏,过温保护电路对提高该类芯片的可靠性和鲁棒性具有重要作用。文中设计了一种具有温度过高关断和温度过低提醒等双重功能的高精度过温保护电路。利用正、负温度系数...电源管理芯片在超过可承受温度范围工作时会对自身造成不同程度的损坏,过温保护电路对提高该类芯片的可靠性和鲁棒性具有重要作用。文中设计了一种具有温度过高关断和温度过低提醒等双重功能的高精度过温保护电路。利用正、负温度系数电压对芯片温度进行实时检测,并与带隙基准电路输出端的不同基准电压分别进行比较得到4个逻辑翻转点,进而通过高精度比较器电路和迟滞逻辑电路处理后,输出迟滞逻辑信号来控制芯片的工作状态或进行温度过低提醒。基于0.18μm BCD(Bipolar-Complementary Metal Oxied Semiconductor-Double diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor)工艺设计并完成了相关仿真验证,仿真结果表明,在电源电压范围为3.0~5.5 V时,该电路输出端的迟滞逻辑翻转信号对应的温度阈值最大偏移量在0.3℃以内,具备较高的精度,可广泛集成于各种需要过温保护功能的电源管理芯片。展开更多
ISI Research Soft公司研发的三个参考文献管理软件(EndNote、Reference Manager与ProCite)融合单机资料管理与Internet数据查寻等功能,帮助收集和管理文献资料,并以规范的格式把文献的引用和注释输出到字处理软件中。三个软件的功能各...ISI Research Soft公司研发的三个参考文献管理软件(EndNote、Reference Manager与ProCite)融合单机资料管理与Internet数据查寻等功能,帮助收集和管理文献资料,并以规范的格式把文献的引用和注释输出到字处理软件中。三个软件的功能各有优缺点,如参考书目的导入、记录的编辑、在MS Word中进行引文插入、联机检索等的使用方法各有异同。在实践使用中,根据其功能的不同选择适合的软件。展开更多
针对客户有价格策略型行为下的供应商库存路径与定价问题(inventory routing and pricing problem,IRPP),通过将参考价格效应嵌入产品需求价格函数中,以供应商总利润最大化为目标,构建考虑参考价格效应的IRPP优化模型,设计改进的粒子群...针对客户有价格策略型行为下的供应商库存路径与定价问题(inventory routing and pricing problem,IRPP),通过将参考价格效应嵌入产品需求价格函数中,以供应商总利润最大化为目标,构建考虑参考价格效应的IRPP优化模型,设计改进的粒子群算法进行求解。通过3组不同规模的算例验证本文模型与算法的适用性和有效性。计算结果显示,考虑参考价格效应不仅有助于降低产品定价(约9%)和提升客户感知收益,而且能够降低零售商的产品总库存(约22%)、仓储资源占用成本和库存持有成本,从而提高供应商总利润(约5%)。敏感性分析结果显示:受客户记忆参数减小和增益系数增大的共同影响,供应商总利润会明显增加;受客户记忆参数和损失系数增大的共同影响,供应商总利润会迅速下降。研究结论可为电商环境下客户有价格策略型行为下的供应商IRPP优化提供决策支撑。展开更多
Article 3 paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 of the Kyoto Protocol （KP） allow parties to use credits from land-based activities for offsetting their emission reduction/limitation target committed in the KP. Forest manageme...Article 3 paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 of the Kyoto Protocol （KP） allow parties to use credits from land-based activities for offsetting their emission reduction/limitation target committed in the KP. Forest management （FM） is the dominant activity accounted by Annex I parties of the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change in the first commitment period of KP （2008-2012）. Data reported for 2008 and 2009 indicate that over half of the emission reduction target of 24 Annex I parties that expect to use FM removals can be offset by FM credits in the first commitment period. EspeciMly the majority of the emission reduction target of Slovenia, Sweden, Latvia, Finland, Japan, and Croatia may be achieved through FM credits. The total FM CAP as contained in decision 16/CMP.1 in the first commitment period was over-estimated significantly by 50% for all KP parties and 36% for parties that elected FM. Some parties such as Russia, Japan, Italy, Germany, and Switzerland that elected FM activity may benefit largely from the over-estimated CAP. Presuming a significant increase of the harvest rate, the FM reference level （FMRL） for 2013-2020 is only 1/5 of the historical mean value of FM removals even though most parties show an increasing or a steady trend of net removals from 1990 to 2009. As a result Annex I parties would be able to use FM credits in the future that are over 4 times of FM CAP in the first commitment period. This potentiM FM credit would account for 7.7% of total emissions by sources without land use, land-use change and forestry activities （LULUCF） in the base year or 1990, and more Annex I parties would share the ＂benefit＂ from the FMRL accounting approach.展开更多
The production and usage amount of pesticides in US rank the leading position in the world. On the basis of protecting the environment and human health, US government has enacted a series of laws and regulations to no...The production and usage amount of pesticides in US rank the leading position in the world. On the basis of protecting the environment and human health, US government has enacted a series of laws and regulations to normalize and manage the production and use of pesticides so as to ensure the development of modern agriculture. In this paper, US pesticide management system is briefly reviewed and compared with the pesticide management system of China, which may provide good reference for china in establishing its own management system and make steps towards the international standard.展开更多
基金Beijing Urban Governance Research Base of North China University of Technology(2024CSZL07).
文摘In the era of stock development following the acceleration of urbanization,the revitalization of urban green space has assumed an increasingly significant role.Consequently,the management of urban trees has emerged as a critical focus of urban governance,contributing to the enhancement of livability in human settlements.This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the urban tree management system in Oxford,UK,identifying that its primary objective is to optimize and maintain a harmonious balance between human activities and the natural environment through the implementation of high-quality planting practices.The system emphasizes enhanced management practices and establishes a robust framework for the development of targeted policies and management regulations,utilizing i-Tree eco-efficiency assessment and real-time feedback mechanisms.China’s urban tree management is in its nascent stages,and there is an urgent need for the development of urban green space.By adopting the refined management assessment methodologies employed for urban trees in Oxford,UK,it is possible to enhance the ecological value of urban trees,which represent a significant green resource within cities,and contribute to the creation of more livable urban spaces.
文摘电源管理芯片在超过可承受温度范围工作时会对自身造成不同程度的损坏,过温保护电路对提高该类芯片的可靠性和鲁棒性具有重要作用。文中设计了一种具有温度过高关断和温度过低提醒等双重功能的高精度过温保护电路。利用正、负温度系数电压对芯片温度进行实时检测,并与带隙基准电路输出端的不同基准电压分别进行比较得到4个逻辑翻转点,进而通过高精度比较器电路和迟滞逻辑电路处理后,输出迟滞逻辑信号来控制芯片的工作状态或进行温度过低提醒。基于0.18μm BCD(Bipolar-Complementary Metal Oxied Semiconductor-Double diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor)工艺设计并完成了相关仿真验证,仿真结果表明,在电源电压范围为3.0~5.5 V时,该电路输出端的迟滞逻辑翻转信号对应的温度阈值最大偏移量在0.3℃以内,具备较高的精度,可广泛集成于各种需要过温保护功能的电源管理芯片。
文摘ISI Research Soft公司研发的三个参考文献管理软件(EndNote、Reference Manager与ProCite)融合单机资料管理与Internet数据查寻等功能,帮助收集和管理文献资料,并以规范的格式把文献的引用和注释输出到字处理软件中。三个软件的功能各有优缺点,如参考书目的导入、记录的编辑、在MS Word中进行引文插入、联机检索等的使用方法各有异同。在实践使用中,根据其功能的不同选择适合的软件。
文摘针对客户有价格策略型行为下的供应商库存路径与定价问题(inventory routing and pricing problem,IRPP),通过将参考价格效应嵌入产品需求价格函数中,以供应商总利润最大化为目标,构建考虑参考价格效应的IRPP优化模型,设计改进的粒子群算法进行求解。通过3组不同规模的算例验证本文模型与算法的适用性和有效性。计算结果显示,考虑参考价格效应不仅有助于降低产品定价(约9%)和提升客户感知收益,而且能够降低零售商的产品总库存(约22%)、仓储资源占用成本和库存持有成本,从而提高供应商总利润(约5%)。敏感性分析结果显示:受客户记忆参数减小和增益系数增大的共同影响,供应商总利润会明显增加;受客户记忆参数和损失系数增大的共同影响,供应商总利润会迅速下降。研究结论可为电商环境下客户有价格策略型行为下的供应商IRPP优化提供决策支撑。
基金supported by Integrated Monitoring and Assessment on Carbon Sequestration Potential of Terrestrial Ecosystem in China(NoXDA05050602)
文摘Article 3 paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 of the Kyoto Protocol （KP） allow parties to use credits from land-based activities for offsetting their emission reduction/limitation target committed in the KP. Forest management （FM） is the dominant activity accounted by Annex I parties of the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change in the first commitment period of KP （2008-2012）. Data reported for 2008 and 2009 indicate that over half of the emission reduction target of 24 Annex I parties that expect to use FM removals can be offset by FM credits in the first commitment period. EspeciMly the majority of the emission reduction target of Slovenia, Sweden, Latvia, Finland, Japan, and Croatia may be achieved through FM credits. The total FM CAP as contained in decision 16/CMP.1 in the first commitment period was over-estimated significantly by 50% for all KP parties and 36% for parties that elected FM. Some parties such as Russia, Japan, Italy, Germany, and Switzerland that elected FM activity may benefit largely from the over-estimated CAP. Presuming a significant increase of the harvest rate, the FM reference level （FMRL） for 2013-2020 is only 1/5 of the historical mean value of FM removals even though most parties show an increasing or a steady trend of net removals from 1990 to 2009. As a result Annex I parties would be able to use FM credits in the future that are over 4 times of FM CAP in the first commitment period. This potentiM FM credit would account for 7.7% of total emissions by sources without land use, land-use change and forestry activities （LULUCF） in the base year or 1990, and more Annex I parties would share the ＂benefit＂ from the FMRL accounting approach.
文摘The production and usage amount of pesticides in US rank the leading position in the world. On the basis of protecting the environment and human health, US government has enacted a series of laws and regulations to normalize and manage the production and use of pesticides so as to ensure the development of modern agriculture. In this paper, US pesticide management system is briefly reviewed and compared with the pesticide management system of China, which may provide good reference for china in establishing its own management system and make steps towards the international standard.
