管理主义对泰罗科学管理思想的回归与发展

新公共管理运动的理论基础是“管理主义”,管理主义的信念、知识和实践对政府等公共部门形成了巨大的变革压力。而早在一个多世纪以前的泰罗科学管理思想对世界也同样有着重大的革命性影响。准确地把握管理主义对泰罗科学管理思想的继承和发展,有利于把握这场公共部门领域变革的性质、趋向和其内在所固有的缺陷。

HETEROGENEOUS INFORMATION ARRIVAL AND R&D OPTION PRICING

The paper models the arrival of heterogeneous information during R&D stages as a doubly stochastic Poisson process(DSPP). The new product market introduction is considered as a timing option(an American perpetual option). Investment in R&D can be thought of as option on an option(a compound option). This paper derives an analytic approximation valuation formula for the R&D option, and demonstrates that the accounts for heterogeneous information arrival may reduce the pricing biases. This way, the gap between real option theory and the practice of decision making with respect to investment in R&D is diminished.

Gender and managerial competence:a comparison of male and female first-line nurse managers in Indonesia

Objective:First-line nurse managers are more likely to work according to gender beliefs and stereotypes,which may affect their managerial competence.This study is aimed at comparing managerial competence of male and female first-line nurse managers in public hospitals in Indonesia.Methods:This study employed a descriptive comparative approach with a cross-sectional survey with a total of 256 participants selected from 18 public hospitals.To measure managerial competence,the managerial competence scale for Indonesian first-line nurse managers was used.Data were analyzed using descriptive analyses using mean,standard deviation,and Independent t-test.Results:Managerial competence of male and female first-line nurse managers was not significantly different(P=0.555).Female nurse managers descriptively reported/received higher ranking in facilitating spiritual nursing care,managing self,staffing and professional development,utilizing informatics,and applying quality care improvement.Male nurse managers repor ted higher in leadership and financial management.Conclusions:Female and male first-line nurse managers should be treated equally for leadership and managerial development.

Accounting Objectives and Reporting System Construction of Managerial Accounting in China

The purpose of this paper is to propose an innovation system of managerial accounting reports, which is actually on the basis of accounting objectives. On the one hand, as managerial accounting is one important branch of accounting(the other important branch is financial accounting), some of its characters should be closely connected with accounting. On the other hand, managers need managerial accounting information for enterprise operation(especially for internal management control) decisions, so, managerial accounting should also be in accordance with the enterprise's operation and its management control. Therefore, combined with the existed research of accounting(especially financial accounting research) and for the development requirement of Chinese enterprises, this paper will mainly discuss the relation between accounting objectives and managerial accounting's system and put forward an idea of constructing an applicable reporting system of managerial accounting based on the operation mode in Chinese modern enterprises. This study will develop the accounting reports research(including external reports and internal reports) both in the field of theory and that of practice.

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Its Importance in the Organizational Psychology Context

This systematic review is focused on the importance of the Bandura Social Cognitive Theory and its theoretical components such as self-efficacy in workplace of today.The themes have been described through the course of the decades.These theories have been utilized heavily in research and real-life case studies,have been further developed by Bandura and other researchers,and have been implemented in organizational psychology.During the past 10 years they have helped in reshaping Human Resources Development.Major latest contributions and applications are discussed touching even the recent outbreak of the pandemic.The influence of the theory is immense and the importance of self-efficacy in the workplace has been addressed and proven by research.

TMT Heterogeneity and Firm Performance: The Moderating Effect of Managerial Discretion

Now the top management team and managerial discretion play an important role in driving the firms’development.This paper built a theoretical model to explore the effect of top management team heterogeneity on firm performance,and analyze the moderating role of managerial discretion.Based on the data of 167 listed firms from Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2019,this paper constructs a multiple regression model and tested the hypothesis.The empirical results show that gender heterogeneity,tenure heterogeneity and education level heterogeneity have a negative effect on firms performance.At the same time managerial discretion can partially moderates the relationship between the heterogeneity of top management team and firm performance,in which capital intensity and the firm size play a negative moderating role,and duality play a positive moderating role.According to the research results,this paper also puts forward corresponding suggestions to improve the firm performance.

AN OPTION PRICING MODEL UNDER FUTURE REVENUE UNCERTAINTY

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the value of high-tech firm can be rationally valued by taking into account managerial flexibility when its future revenue is uncertain,thereby the firm's manager can make rational investment decisions.Using stochastic control theory,the paper will present that the firm's value satisfies a partially differentiate equation,and analyze the managerial flexibility value within a framework of real-option analytic theorey.Finally,the comparative static analysis and the model's simple application are given.

Fuel consumption,vehicle quantities,and total factor inefficiency in China

Scale-controlling and technology-upgrading measures are considered effective for mitigating vehicle exhaust emissions.This study investigated the impacts of fuel consumption and vehicle quantities on the total factor inefficiency in China’s highway transport sector during 2011-2015,based on the Bounded Adjusted Measure Data Envelopment Analysis(BAM-DEA)model combined with natural and managerial disposability scenarios.The results showed that the average global inefficiency(GIE)score of the exhaust emissions(CO,HC,NOx,and PM)was 0.41 under the assumption of natural disposability and 0.23 in the managerial disposability situation.Moreover,the main causes of total factor inefficiency scores from the perspective of natural disposability were road length,fuel consumption,and exhaust emissions,whereas those from a managerial disposability perspective were road length and exhaust emissions.These two results suggested that environmental efficiency can be promoted by increasing the quantities of clean-energy vehicles and high-quality gasoline/diesel consumption.In terms of the spatial distribution of GIE,the scores showed a decreasing trend from China’s northwestern inland regions to its southeastern coastal regions under both natural and managerial disposability.Environmental efficiency in some provinces(such as Yunnan)demonstrated good progress under managerial disposability,but other regions did not(such as Hebei and Ningxia).Thus,each province should choose appropriate strategies regarding vehicle quantities and fuel consumption according to the technical inefficiency scores of differing disposability situations.

The effects of managerial ability on firm performance and the mediating role of capital structure:evidence from Taiwan

This study utilizes mediation analysis and bootstrapping to analyze the mediating effect of capital structure on the association between managerial ability and firm performance.The dataset consists of 6384 firm-year observations from the Taiwan Residents electronics industry during 2005–2018.Our results indicate that(1)low(high)levels of debt are likely observed in firms with CEOs with high(low)ability,(2)managerial ability positively affects firm performance,and(3)capital structure mediates the positive relationship between managerial ability and firm performance.Overall,the findings may have limited generalizability due to the specific sample characteristics and provide convincing support for the importance of capital structure as a mediator in the managerial ability-firm performance nexus.Specifically,this study highlights the need for examining the effect of managerial ability on firm performance through a mediator.

Impact of Controllable Factors on Export Performance of SMEs in Jordan

Exporting is of great interest for SMEs in Jordan from both microeconomic and macroeconomic perspective.The objective of this study was to identify to what extent specific internal factors contribute to export success of SMEs in Jordan.This study hypothesized that export performance of SMEs is directly affected by three groups of internal factors.These include firm characteristics,managerial characteristics,and marketing strategy.A multiple case approach is used to conduct this research and a structured interview is developed to collect the data directly from the participants.A pattern matching approach was used to test the hypotheses.The results show that export performance is positively affected by firm characteristics,managerial characteristics,and marketing strategy.Additionally,the demographic characteristics of managers and adaptation of distribution channels are unlikely to have an influence on export performance.This was unexpected,because of the plenty of empirical evidences in the literature that support the impact of these variables on export success.

China's Next Step:to Reform Monopoly Industries

Based on the study of enterprise managerial corruption in Chinese SOEs, this paper points out the new characteristics of managerial corruption in Chinese SOEs:administrative monopoly has become increasingly common, while corruption for personal gains by SOE leaders hits become less and less frequent.This means the reform of SOEs has entered a new stage in which the core problem is how to deal with administrative monopoly.

Factors Promoting and Hindering Performance of Unit Nurse Managers at Kamuzu and Queen Elizabeth Central Hospitals in Malawi

Unit nurse managers in Malawi experience many challenges in the course of performing their roles. This affects their performance and service delivery including the quality of nursing care to patients. This study was conducted to determine the factors that hindered performance of unit managers in relation to expected quality of nursing services at two referral facilities (Kamuzu and Queen Elizabeth Central hospitals) in Malawi. These two central hospitals have the same structural settings and both offer specialized tertiary health services. A quantitative descriptive design was used to guide the planning and implementation of the study. Purposive sampling was used to select the two major hospitals in Malawi and all available 37 unit nurse managers during the time of the study at the two hospitals participated in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires after seeking consent from the participants and were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. The major roles identified by the unit managers were supervision (75.6%, n = 28) and coordination (70.3%, n = 26). Other roles such as team leader, liaison officer, research allocator, monitor and facilitator were rated by very few participants. Findings of the study showed that performance of unit nurse managers was affected by inadequate material (86.4%, n = 32) and human resources (94.5%, n = 35) and lack of managerial skills (5.4%, n = 2). In addition, the unit managers perceived their role to be stressful (38.9%, n = 14) and challenging (47.2%, n = 17). Therefore, there is a need to provide adequate material and human resources to the wards of the two central hospitals to enable the unit managers perform their duties efficiently.

Tests on Business Failure Processes in Morocco: Organizational and Managerial Aspect

In Morocco,business failures will grow by 4%in 2019,according to the latest Euler Hermes report.The international credit insurer has placed Morocco in the category of countries that will suffer a deterioration.After Turkey,Morocco posted the second most important degradation of the category.Already high in 2017(12%),the aggravation of the failures of Moroccan companies exceeds by 10%the level of the period 2003-2007 which places the kingdom among the most exposed countries.A situation that is the exact opposite of the global trend since business failures will have to decline according to Euler Hermes,notably thanks to the improvement in the global economic situation.This research is a response to the calls of many authors who urge testing conceptual frameworks,even the most elaborated,in an international context.It is also a continuation of the pioneering work on the business failures,with an original perspective on examining the determinants of the companies based in a developing country.The determinants of the failures have been the subject of many conceptual and empirical developments without a consensus emerging from this research.To do so,four of the most recurrent mechanisms in Western investigations that lead to a business failure have been put to test:business failure,managerial behavior,business sector,and age of the firm and its legal form.The empirical study was conducted through a questionnaire sent to companies and/or managers of the defaulting companies already identified with the Casablanca Commercial Court.Results show that the age of manager,personal skills,and the managerial skills are the main determinants of the business failures.

Causes of Restocking Delays in Absence of Real Time Inventory Tracking of Airtel Airtime

The purpose of this research was to ascertain causes of Restocking Delays in a Distributor Company of Airtel Airtime (AA) that give justification for benefits of using Real Time Inventory Tracking (R.T.I.T) in an attempt to mitigate Restocking Delays. From a study out at the Private Marketing and Trading Services (PMTS) an Authorized Distributor of Airtel Products undertaken in 2017 evidenced by Airtime scratch card and Electronic, E-Recharge Airtime among other forms to encourage R.T.I.T among other products in Telecom Companies and other Business Enterprises. The research comprises of the following areas among which included a detailed focus on a Qualitative and Quantitative approach in obtaining different categories of Restocking Delays in form of Themes and Sub Themes encountered in the Distribution Supply Chain (SC) of AA that is contained in this paper. This research continues to capture an in-depth explanation of the Managerial and Operational causes of restocking delays in respect to AA. Similarly, fast consumer products and services other than AA require a solution to Restocking Delays through implementation of Real Time Inventory Tracking Model (R.T.I.T.M) of AA among Distributor Companies (DCs). This paper also elaborated on Literature, Methodology and Findings obtained from the study. The results were obtained from regression analysis by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) that showed a higher significance of Stock Turnover Period and Airtime Denomination as a contributor to Restocking Delays whereas Messages from Airtel Head office to the Distributor had a non-significant contribution to restocking Delays as in Figure 9. The research recommends a Model for R.T.I.T in Telecom Distribution SC of AA and Omnichannel Inventory Management (OIM) as a significant contributor to timely reliable inventory restocking and promotes higher sales among DCs and retailers through minimized Restocking Delays. It shows that the forces of Demand and Supply change over time with different tastes and preferences of customers. The imbalance in AA stock levels changes at given times due to unforeseen forces of consumer demand experienced by DCs, explained by the “Bullwhip Effect” due to information distortion in the Supply Chain (SC).

Obstacles to the Success of Organizational and Managerial Innovation in Construction SMEs in Burkina Faso

This research is based on a qualitative approach based on the exploitation of secondary data.The objective of the research is to determine the factors likely to influence the success of innovation in small and medium enterprises(SMEs)of Building and Public Works(BTP)in Burkina Faso.To do this,we issued two research proposals that served as a guide for our research.It emerged that 77% of SMEs reported having innovated in 2019,while the same study concluded to the underperformance of these companies.Hence,there is the need to distinguish between innovation actions and the success of innovation.For us,the success of innovation is based on information transparency in the company and the development of human resources.The results showed that the information does not circulate the construction companies and it results in a lack of meeting place.In addition,construction and civil engineering SMEs lack competent and qualified staff and are not very motivated.Indeed,only 52% of business leaders are satisfied with the motivation of their staff.In terms of competence,97% business leaders say that they have qualified staff and even 87% say not to delegate because they lack qualified staff.In fact,obtaining approval requires the existence of qualified personnel in the company,which justifies this assertion to 97%.And yet,the staff presented for the approval is not the one available in the company.Moreover,the lack of competent and motivated staff is confirmed by the MOE and MOD.Our two research proposals have been validated.However,we noted that this is a partial search for the factors that influence the success of innovation in construction SMEs that could be complemented by other research.

The impact of organizational resources and managerial interpretation on willingness to participate in carbon market

On the basis of resource-based view and managerial cognition,this research aims to explore which and how organizational resources facilitate organizational willingness to participate in carbon market(WTP-CM).In particular,it classifies resources into two dimensions,general resources(GR)and professional resources(PR),and investigates how these two types of resources interact with managerial interpretation and then influence organizational WTP-CM using a sample of 222 Chinese industrial firms.The findings show that environmental talents(PR)and low-carbon technologies(PR)have positive influences on organizational WTP-CM not only directly,but also indirectly through accelerating managers to interpret carbon trading as an opportunity,rather than a threat.On the contrary,only via managerial interpretation can capital reserve(GR)and environmental practices(PR)affect organizational WTP_CM positively.Furthermore,the impact of environmental practices on managerial interpretation does not depend on the performance of environmental practices(i.e.,success or failure).It means,regardless of environmental performance,the cumulation of environmental experience would promote managers to interpret carbon market as an opportunity and then advance their WTP-CM.Last,this partial mediating role of managerial interpretation between organizational resources and WTP-CM varies depending on organizational social position.Compared to centralfirms,peripheralfirms tend to be more responsive to managerial interpretation.The chain from organizational resources,to interpretation of carbon market as an opportunity,andfinally to the willingness to participate is stronger for peripheralfirms than for central ones.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of GIS Systems in the Public Sector in Saudi Arabia and Their Impact on Organizational Performance

This study investigates the adoption of the new phenomenon of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in an organizational context in an emerging economy, namely Saudi Arabia. It explores the determinants of employees’ perceptions of GIS, their actual usage and expected outcomes when they use it. A model was developed for this study based on relevant theories and existing literature. In total 221 responses were collected from the Ministry of Water and Electricity (MOWE) in Saudi Arabia using a structured survey questionnaire. Several statistical techniques were applied to the data collected. Results show that factors having the most significant impact on employees’ perceptions of GIS are managerial support, IT expertise and exposure to GIS. However, some factors did not have any significant impact on employees’ perceptions, these being GIS training and incentives. It also emerges that attitude to GIS has an impact on and relationship with the actual usage of GIS. In the outcomes of GIS adoption, results indicate that its usage influences enhanced risk management and better customer relationships. However, no significant relationship was found that led to more efficient decision-making and saving of costs. This paper also highlights implications and discusses the limitations and suggestions for future research.

Ownership Structure and Earnings Quality of Listed Financial Firms in Nigeria

The study determined the effect of ownership structure on earnings quality of listed financial firms in Nigeria.The study employed secondary data.The study population comprised all the 16 listed financial firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange.Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select top 10 banks whose shares are consistently traded on the stock market.Data for ownership structure and earnings quality were sourced from the audited financial statements of the selected firms and the Nigerian Stock Exchange Factbook over a period of 10 years(2009-2018).Collected data were analyzed using pooled ordinary least square,fixed effect and random effect estimation techniques.The result from the study showed that institutional ownership(t=4.3,p˂0.05)had a positive and statistically significant relationship with earnings quality while ownership concentration(t=-2.5,p˂0.05)had a negative and significant relationship with earnings quality.The study recommended that the institutional ownership which shows a positive relationship with earnings quality enables improved earnings of the sampled listed banks.More institutional participation should be allowed in the Nigerian listed banks as it was proved that they have the power to monitor the affairs of managers as this will have a positive impact on earnings.Concentration ownership gives managers incentives to manage earnings to achieve short term opportunistic interest;therefore it should not be encouraged.

Managerial Behaviors of Executive Women in India’s Service Sector

Numerous studies are emphasizing the importance of managerial behavior amongst executives in the management.Research,particularly on managerial behavior of women in executive management,is relatively underexplored.These managerial behaviors are classified into three functional domains:a task,relationship,and strategy-oriented in organizations.Little attention is paid to these managerial behaviors and skills observed amongst executive women in India’s women’s banking and finance sectors.The present study addresses this under-examined inquiry area concerning three managerial behaviors among India’s women executives.Twenty-five executive women in the banking and finance service sectors were interviewed.Moreover,fifty team members reporting to these executive women were surveyed.Findings indicate that executive women were adopting task and relationship-oriented behaviors.The third domain of strategy-oriented managerial behavior is least reported amongst executive women in the service sector organizations.These strategic change behaviors are exhibited at a minimal.In conclusion,the theoretical and practice implications of effective managerial practices in the service organization are discussed.

Performance Evaluation of Motor Insurance Companies: Panel Data Evidence from Nigeria

This paper evaluated performance of motor insurance companies in Nigeria. The objectives were to determine the following: 1) significant effects of claims settlements on motor insurance firms’ earned premium;2) differences in managerial/technological capabilities among the companies and 3) effects of policy (or time effect) on insurance firms’ output within the study period. Panel data obtained for this study comprised operational data on premium earned and direct claims settlement by these companies over a period of six (6) years. Using panel data statistical models, we found that direct claims settlement negatively affected insurance companies’ earned premium. Also, significant differences in technological and managerial capabilities were found to exist among the companies, though only one company exhibited this heterogeneity. Besides, there were no policy impacts (or time effect) on vehicle insurance firms’ output in the study period. Policy implications of the results were discussed.