Software Defined Network(SDN)and Network Function Virtualization(NFV)technology promote several benefits to network operators,including reduced maintenance costs,increased network operational performance,simplified ne...Software Defined Network(SDN)and Network Function Virtualization(NFV)technology promote several benefits to network operators,including reduced maintenance costs,increased network operational performance,simplified network lifecycle,and policies management.Network vulnerabilities try to modify services provided by Network Function Virtualization MANagement and Orchestration(NFV MANO),and malicious attacks in different scenarios disrupt the NFV Orchestrator(NFVO)and Virtualized Infrastructure Manager(VIM)lifecycle management related to network services or individual Virtualized Network Function(VNF).This paper proposes an anomaly detection mechanism that monitors threats in NFV MANO and manages promptly and adaptively to implement and handle security functions in order to enhance the quality of experience for end users.An anomaly detector investigates these identified risks and provides secure network services.It enables virtual network security functions and identifies anomalies in Kubernetes(a cloud-based platform).For training and testing purpose of the proposed approach,an intrusion-containing dataset is used that hold multiple malicious activities like a Smurf,Neptune,Teardrop,Pod,Land,IPsweep,etc.,categorized as Probing(Prob),Denial of Service(DoS),User to Root(U2R),and Remote to User(R2L)attacks.An anomaly detector is anticipated with the capabilities of a Machine Learning(ML)technique,making use of supervised learning techniques like Logistic Regression(LR),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),Naïve Bayes(NB),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost).The proposed framework has been evaluated by deploying the identified ML algorithm on a Jupyter notebook in Kubeflow to simulate Kubernetes for validation purposes.RF classifier has shown better outcomes(99.90%accuracy)than other classifiers in detecting anomalies/intrusions in the containerized environment.展开更多
In 2006,at the age of 37,Alraiah Abdelgadir joined the Sudan/South Sudan work zone of China National Logging Corporation(CNLC)as a probationary employee.At that time,his greatest contentment stemmed from having a secu...In 2006,at the age of 37,Alraiah Abdelgadir joined the Sudan/South Sudan work zone of China National Logging Corporation(CNLC)as a probationary employee.At that time,his greatest contentment stemmed from having a secure job that enabled his children to attend school without worry,his wife to manage the family with ease,and his parents to peacefully enjoy their retirement years.Over 18 years,he evolved from a "struggling newcomer"to an "ambitious dream pursuer,"now serving as an assistant manager in the work zone.展开更多
Objective: The objective was to explore manager experiences using the RAFAELA system. Background: The RAFAELA system was developed in Finland during the 1990s to create a work situation where patients’ care needs wer...Objective: The objective was to explore manager experiences using the RAFAELA system. Background: The RAFAELA system was developed in Finland during the 1990s to create a work situation where patients’ care needs were balanced with personnel resources. The system is used in almost all hospitals in Finland and is implemented in several European countries. However, the system has never been evaluated outside Finland. This study, focusing on the managers’ perspective, represents the second report from a larger Norwegian evaluation project of the RAFAELA system. Methods: An explorative qualitative design was chosen. Data were collected by individual in-depth interviews at a university hospital in Norway during 2012-2013. A total of 10 informants in various management positions were interviewed. The tape-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, and the transcripts were analysed using Kvale’s method for content analysis. Results: Four main themes emerged from the qualitative data: making the invisible visible;a common language;a system for prospective planning;and a resource-demanding tool. Conclusions: The study indicated that the RAFAELA system provided useful information about the patients’ care needs and nursing activities. Also the system provided a common reference frame for discussing nursing, staffing and allocation. Although the managers considered the RAFAELA to be time consuming in the implementation phase, they considered the system to be an important tool.展开更多
Data replication is a key way to design a disaster tolerance system. This paper presents a replication driver layer-based data replication system on FreeBSD （FRS）. The system is embedded into the replication device ...Data replication is a key way to design a disaster tolerance system. This paper presents a replication driver layer-based data replication system on FreeBSD （FRS）. The system is embedded into the replication device driver layer, does not depend on specific storage devices and logical volume manager, and can achieve replication on data block level. The design considerations and decisions in defining FRS are described in detail.展开更多
As the revolutionary change in electric power industry begins with the latest communication infrastructure, it is on the verge of a revolutionary transformation to develop a smart grid to meet the requirements of our ...As the revolutionary change in electric power industry begins with the latest communication infrastructure, it is on the verge of a revolutionary transformation to develop a smart grid to meet the requirements of our digital society. Wide Area Power System is made up of plentiful automated transmission and distribution systems with strong communication infrastructure, all operating in a coordinated, proficient and reliable mode. This paper is fretful with the wide area power system load protection scheme and ensuing design requirement that enhances stability as well as control. It discusses the architecture that upgrades the existing scheme by controlling all the control signals traffic between generating units, server, connected loads, and protection devices using WIMAX. The main theme of the paper is on the use of information technology to obtain more flexibility and smartness in the Wide Area Power System Load Protection by designing the Communication channel using WIMAX. Faults detected in Local area networks and Information regarding the faults of Local Areas is communicated to Load Area Manager (LAM) which takes required control action to handle it. Finally the paper shows islanding operation through WAM for the areas that becomes intensive faulty. Results have been verified in MATLAB/ SIMULIMK.展开更多
File systems are fundamental for computers and devices with data storage units. They allow operating systems to understand and organize streams of bytes and obtain readable files from them. There are numerous file sys...File systems are fundamental for computers and devices with data storage units. They allow operating systems to understand and organize streams of bytes and obtain readable files from them. There are numerous file systems available in the industry, all with their own unique features. Understanding how these file systems work is essential for computer science students, but their complex nature can be difficult and challenging to grasp, especially for students at the beginning of their career. The Zion File System Simulator was designed with this in mind. Zion is a teaching and experimenting tool, in the form of a small application, built to help students understand how the I/O manager of an operating system interacts with the drive through the file system. Users can see and analyze the structure of a simple, flat file system provided with Zion, or simulate the most common structures such as FAT or NTFS. Students can also create their own implementations and run them through the simulator to analyze the different behaviors. Zion runs on Windows, and the application is provided with dynamic-link libraries that include the interfaces of a file system and a volume manager. These interfaces allow programmers to build their own file system or volume manager in Visual Studio using any .NET language (3.0 or above). Zion gives the users the power to adjust simulated architectural parameters such as volume and block size, or performance factors such as seek and transfer time. Zion runs workloads of I/O operations such as “create,” “delete,” “read,” and “write,” and analyzes the resulting metrics including I/O operations, read/write time, and disk fragmentation. Zion is a learning tool. It is not designed for measuring accurate performance of file systems and volume managers. The robustness of the application, together with its expandability, makes Zion a potential laboratory tool for computer science classes, helping students learn how file systems work and interact with an operating system.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to describe the conflict management styles and identify factors affecting the conflict management styles of nurse managers.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted by inte...Objective:This study aimed to describe the conflict management styles and identify factors affecting the conflict management styles of nurse managers.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing nurse managers with a questionnaire,including the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II Form B,used to assess an individual’s approach to conflict management across five styles:cooperating,competing,compromising,obliging,and avoiding.Results:A total of 30 nurse managers participated in this study.The mean scores of the cooperating style were the highest at 4.3±0.4,followed by a compromising style at 3.4±0.5,an avoiding style at 3.1±0.6,an accommodating style at 2.9±0.7,and a competing style at 2.8±0.8(χ^(2)=66.624,P<0.001).The mean scores for avoiding style among bachelor’s degree nurse managers(3.2±0.6)were higher than those of master’s degree nurse managers(2.7±0.6)(P=0.036).Nurse managers over 40 years old,holding a managerial position for≥10 years,and frequent conflict handling rated higher mean scores for the cooperating style than their counterparts(P<0.05).Conclusion:The cooperating style was the most commonly used conflict management style among nurse managers.Factors affecting the conflict management style were age,education level,and experience in management and conflict handling.These findings are useful for developing interventions that enhance the competencies of nurse managers in conflict management.展开更多
基金This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Jouf University under Grant Number(DSR2022-RG-0102).
文摘Software Defined Network(SDN)and Network Function Virtualization(NFV)technology promote several benefits to network operators,including reduced maintenance costs,increased network operational performance,simplified network lifecycle,and policies management.Network vulnerabilities try to modify services provided by Network Function Virtualization MANagement and Orchestration(NFV MANO),and malicious attacks in different scenarios disrupt the NFV Orchestrator(NFVO)and Virtualized Infrastructure Manager(VIM)lifecycle management related to network services or individual Virtualized Network Function(VNF).This paper proposes an anomaly detection mechanism that monitors threats in NFV MANO and manages promptly and adaptively to implement and handle security functions in order to enhance the quality of experience for end users.An anomaly detector investigates these identified risks and provides secure network services.It enables virtual network security functions and identifies anomalies in Kubernetes(a cloud-based platform).For training and testing purpose of the proposed approach,an intrusion-containing dataset is used that hold multiple malicious activities like a Smurf,Neptune,Teardrop,Pod,Land,IPsweep,etc.,categorized as Probing(Prob),Denial of Service(DoS),User to Root(U2R),and Remote to User(R2L)attacks.An anomaly detector is anticipated with the capabilities of a Machine Learning(ML)technique,making use of supervised learning techniques like Logistic Regression(LR),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),Naïve Bayes(NB),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost).The proposed framework has been evaluated by deploying the identified ML algorithm on a Jupyter notebook in Kubeflow to simulate Kubernetes for validation purposes.RF classifier has shown better outcomes(99.90%accuracy)than other classifiers in detecting anomalies/intrusions in the containerized environment.
文摘In 2006,at the age of 37,Alraiah Abdelgadir joined the Sudan/South Sudan work zone of China National Logging Corporation(CNLC)as a probationary employee.At that time,his greatest contentment stemmed from having a secure job that enabled his children to attend school without worry,his wife to manage the family with ease,and his parents to peacefully enjoy their retirement years.Over 18 years,he evolved from a "struggling newcomer"to an "ambitious dream pursuer,"now serving as an assistant manager in the work zone.
文摘Objective: The objective was to explore manager experiences using the RAFAELA system. Background: The RAFAELA system was developed in Finland during the 1990s to create a work situation where patients’ care needs were balanced with personnel resources. The system is used in almost all hospitals in Finland and is implemented in several European countries. However, the system has never been evaluated outside Finland. This study, focusing on the managers’ perspective, represents the second report from a larger Norwegian evaluation project of the RAFAELA system. Methods: An explorative qualitative design was chosen. Data were collected by individual in-depth interviews at a university hospital in Norway during 2012-2013. A total of 10 informants in various management positions were interviewed. The tape-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, and the transcripts were analysed using Kvale’s method for content analysis. Results: Four main themes emerged from the qualitative data: making the invisible visible;a common language;a system for prospective planning;and a resource-demanding tool. Conclusions: The study indicated that the RAFAELA system provided useful information about the patients’ care needs and nursing activities. Also the system provided a common reference frame for discussing nursing, staffing and allocation. Although the managers considered the RAFAELA to be time consuming in the implementation phase, they considered the system to be an important tool.
基金supported by 863 Program under Grant No. 2009AA01A404
文摘Data replication is a key way to design a disaster tolerance system. This paper presents a replication driver layer-based data replication system on FreeBSD （FRS）. The system is embedded into the replication device driver layer, does not depend on specific storage devices and logical volume manager, and can achieve replication on data block level. The design considerations and decisions in defining FRS are described in detail.
文摘As the revolutionary change in electric power industry begins with the latest communication infrastructure, it is on the verge of a revolutionary transformation to develop a smart grid to meet the requirements of our digital society. Wide Area Power System is made up of plentiful automated transmission and distribution systems with strong communication infrastructure, all operating in a coordinated, proficient and reliable mode. This paper is fretful with the wide area power system load protection scheme and ensuing design requirement that enhances stability as well as control. It discusses the architecture that upgrades the existing scheme by controlling all the control signals traffic between generating units, server, connected loads, and protection devices using WIMAX. The main theme of the paper is on the use of information technology to obtain more flexibility and smartness in the Wide Area Power System Load Protection by designing the Communication channel using WIMAX. Faults detected in Local area networks and Information regarding the faults of Local Areas is communicated to Load Area Manager (LAM) which takes required control action to handle it. Finally the paper shows islanding operation through WAM for the areas that becomes intensive faulty. Results have been verified in MATLAB/ SIMULIMK.
文摘File systems are fundamental for computers and devices with data storage units. They allow operating systems to understand and organize streams of bytes and obtain readable files from them. There are numerous file systems available in the industry, all with their own unique features. Understanding how these file systems work is essential for computer science students, but their complex nature can be difficult and challenging to grasp, especially for students at the beginning of their career. The Zion File System Simulator was designed with this in mind. Zion is a teaching and experimenting tool, in the form of a small application, built to help students understand how the I/O manager of an operating system interacts with the drive through the file system. Users can see and analyze the structure of a simple, flat file system provided with Zion, or simulate the most common structures such as FAT or NTFS. Students can also create their own implementations and run them through the simulator to analyze the different behaviors. Zion runs on Windows, and the application is provided with dynamic-link libraries that include the interfaces of a file system and a volume manager. These interfaces allow programmers to build their own file system or volume manager in Visual Studio using any .NET language (3.0 or above). Zion gives the users the power to adjust simulated architectural parameters such as volume and block size, or performance factors such as seek and transfer time. Zion runs workloads of I/O operations such as “create,” “delete,” “read,” and “write,” and analyzes the resulting metrics including I/O operations, read/write time, and disk fragmentation. Zion is a learning tool. It is not designed for measuring accurate performance of file systems and volume managers. The robustness of the application, together with its expandability, makes Zion a potential laboratory tool for computer science classes, helping students learn how file systems work and interact with an operating system.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to describe the conflict management styles and identify factors affecting the conflict management styles of nurse managers.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing nurse managers with a questionnaire,including the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II Form B,used to assess an individual’s approach to conflict management across five styles:cooperating,competing,compromising,obliging,and avoiding.Results:A total of 30 nurse managers participated in this study.The mean scores of the cooperating style were the highest at 4.3±0.4,followed by a compromising style at 3.4±0.5,an avoiding style at 3.1±0.6,an accommodating style at 2.9±0.7,and a competing style at 2.8±0.8(χ^(2)=66.624,P<0.001).The mean scores for avoiding style among bachelor’s degree nurse managers(3.2±0.6)were higher than those of master’s degree nurse managers(2.7±0.6)(P=0.036).Nurse managers over 40 years old,holding a managerial position for≥10 years,and frequent conflict handling rated higher mean scores for the cooperating style than their counterparts(P<0.05).Conclusion:The cooperating style was the most commonly used conflict management style among nurse managers.Factors affecting the conflict management style were age,education level,and experience in management and conflict handling.These findings are useful for developing interventions that enhance the competencies of nurse managers in conflict management.
基金国家自然科学基金(the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.40571119)山东省自然科学基金(the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China under Grant No.Y2004E04)。
