Biocatalytic synthesis of (R)-(-)-mandelic acid from racemic mandelonitrile by a newly isolated nitrilase-producer Alcaligenes sp. ECU0401

By using acetonitrile as the sole nitrogen source, a microbial strain with high nitrilase activity, named as Alcaligenes sp. ECU0401, was newly isolated from soil, which could enantioselectively transform racemic mandelonitrile into (R)-(?)-mandelic acid, with an enantiomeric excess of >99.9%.

Flavonoids and Amino Acids Analysis of the Fruits of Cornus mas L. Introduced in Uzbekistan

Cornelian cherry is used in the food and pharmaceutical industry as an ornament, in traditional medicine, and in the manufacture of household items. It is widely used in medicine for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Therefore, it is important to research the chemical composition of these species. In the article, based on our research, the analysis of the quantitative calculation of flavonoids and amino acids of the fruits of the “Elegant” and “Svetlyachok” cherry varieties was carried out. It was found that the amount of amino acids in the fruits of Cornus mas L., introduced in Uzbekistan, is higher in the variety “Svetlyachok” 2.643235 mg/g. In “Elegant” variety it was 1.794235 mg/g. The amount of 4 different flavonoids in the fruit was also determined. It has been established that the Elegant variety has a high concentration of lutein and rutin, and the svetlyachok has a high concentration of apigenin and quercetin.

Soy Protein Isolate Film by Incorporating Mandelic Acid as Well as Through Fermentation Mediated by Bacillus Subtilis

Soy protein isolate(SPI)biopolymeric films were prepared by adding different contents of mandelic acid(1 to 5%wrt SPI)to glycerol plasticized SPI by solution casting method.Also,SPI was fermented by Bacillus subtilis to get fermented SPI films by solution casting.Molecular mass determination of mandelic acid incorporated and fermented SPI films was carried out by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).Mandelic acid incorporated and fermented SPI films were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA),tensile strength,water uptake and optical transmittance studies.Results indicated that incorporation of mandelic acid in SPI resulted in high tensile strength(8.03 MPa)and highα-relaxation(Tα)as well as low water uptake.On the other hand,films cannot be prepared from fermented SPI with SPI contents of 8%and 12%.However,film from fermented SPI with 16%SPI content could be prepared but it exhibited low tensile strength(3.18 MPa)and low Tαas well as high water uptake.The resulting mandelic acid incorporated SPI films were also subjected to antimicrobial studies.At all the concentration of mandelic acid,we can easily observe the antimicrobial effect in mandelic acid incorporated SPI films unlike fermented SPI films.This work will be helpful in fabricating antimicrobial SPI film from renewable resources.

Kinetics of Asymmetric Reduction of Phenylglyoxylic Acid to R-(-)-Mandelic Acid by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae FD11b

The kinetics of asymmetric production of R-(-)-mandelic acid(R-MA)from phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) catalyzed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp. strain FD11b was studied by fed-batch cultures. The concentrations of glucose and PGA were controlled respectively with a dual feeding system. When the electron donor glucose was supplied at the rate of 0.0833mmol·gdw-1·h-1, the specific production rate (q p ) and the enantiomeric excess of R-MA reached the maxi-mum 0.353mmol·gdw-1·h-1 and 97.1%, respectively. The apparent reduction activity of yeast FD11b was obviously af-fected by both substrate PGA and product MA. The qp value reached the maximum 0.36—0.38mmol·gdw-1·h-1 when the PGA concentration was controlled between 25 and 35mmol·L-1. The obvious substrate inhibition of bioconversion was observed at the PGA concentrations higher than 40mmol·L-1. The accumulation of product MA also caused a severe feed-back inhibition for its production when the product concentration was above 60mmol·L-1. The kinetic model with the inhibition effect of both substrate and product was simulated by a computer-based least-square arithmatic. The estab-lished kinetic model was in good agreement with the experimental data.

Enantioselective extraction of mandelic acid enantiomers based on chiral ligand exchange

Based on the chiral ligand exchange, the distribution behavior of mandelic acid enantiomers, and the partition of Cu2+ at different pH values were studied in a water/alcohol two-phase system containing Cu2+ and N-n-（dodecyl-L-proline（A）.） The influences of the solvent sort, the pH value, the concentrations of Cu2+ and chiral ligand on the partition coefficient（K） and separation factor（α） were discussed. The experimental results show that the A formed has more stable ternary complex with D-mandelic acid enantiomer than with L-mandelic acid enantiomer. There is an important influence of the pH value on K and α. When the pH values are less than 3.5, the formation of binary complexes is thermodynamically unfavourable. K and α become maximum when pH values are above 3.5 and the molar ratio of the chiral ligand to Cu2+ is 2∶1.

Optical Separation of Racemic Phenyl-alanine, and Structure of Complex Consisting of R-Phenylalanine and R-Mandelic Acid

The racemic phenylalanine has been separated by (R)-mandelic acid through the formation of diastereomeric molecular complex. The crystal of the title chiral complex (C8H8O3 C9H11NO2, Mr = 317.33) belongs to monoclinic, space group C2 with a = 19.391(3), b = 5.715(4), c = 15.755(3) ? b = 115.23(1), V = 1579(1) 3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.335 g/cm3, F(000) = 672, m = 0.099 mm-1, R = 0.033 and wR = 0.060 for 1278 observed reflections (I > 2s(I)). The complex consists of (R)-mandelic acid and (R)-phenylalanine in 1:1 molar ratio, and the complex molecules form layered crystal structure by self-assembly through intermolecular H-bonding between carboxyl and carboxylate of the neighboring molecules.

IMMOBILIZATION OF Saccharomyces Cerevisiae USING POLY(ACRYLAMIDE)GEL FOR ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF R(-)-MANDELIC ACID

In this paper,the poly(acrylamide)hydrogel used to immobilize saccharomyces cerevisiae for asymmetric synthesis of R(-)-mandelic acid was prepared with free radical ploymerization in deionized water at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere.The influence of the composition of hydrogel,loading amount of cells and culture conditions on the asymmetric synthesis was investigated.Results show that PAAm hydrogel is a feasible carrier for immobilization of cells which is a potential alternative method to prepare enantiomerically pure R(-)-mandelic acid.

Investigation of the Reaction Mechanism of Itaconic Acid/Maleic Acid Copolymer System and Cotton Cellulose

The reaction mechanism of IA/MA copolymer system andcotton cellulose is conjectured and verified, the two keysteps, such as the formation of cyclic anhydride interme-diates and the building of ester crosslinklng, and the ef-fect of sodium hypophosphite are especially emphasized,by FT - IR spectroscopy and acid- base titration anal-yses. The experiments reveal that carboxylic acids main.ly change to cyclic anhydride in the pre - drying step andSodium Hypophosphite (SHP) has effect on it, but mostester - crosslinkages are built in the curing step and SHPhas effects on both anhydride formation and ester -crosslinking formation.

The Effect of Methacrylic Acid and Maleic Acid on the Isothermal Kinetics of Acrylic Acid Crosslinking Co-polymerization under Conventional and Microwave heating

The kinetics of free-radical crosslinking co-polymerization(FRCCP)of acrylic acid(AA)with both methacrylic acid(MA)(PAMA hydrogel)and maleic acid(MAL)(PAMAL hydrogel)was investigated under the conditions of isothermal conventional heating(CH)and under the conditions of microwave heating(MWH)with controlled cooling.The kinetics curves of FRCCP of PAMA and PAMAL hydrogels under the conditions of CH are described with the kinetics model of second order chemical reaction,whereas the kinetics curves under the conditions of CH are described with the kinetics model of Polany-Winger.It is proved that MWH leads to the changes in the rate of FRCCP and to the changes in the values of the kinetic parameters activation energy(Ea)and pre-exponential factor(lnA).It was found the existence of relationship between the values of the kinetic parameters calculated for MWH and CH for PAMA and PAMAL hydrogel synthesis process,which is well-known as compensation effect.The effect of MWH on the kinetics of FRCCP for PAMA and PAMAL hydrogel formation were explained by applying the model of activation by selective energy transfer(SET).The changes in kinetics model,rate of FRCCP and kinetics parameters,caused with the MWH can found wide application in designing novel technologies for obtaining polymers and for synthesis of polymers with novel physico-chemical properties.The suggested mechanism of activation for polymerisation under the conditions of MWH also enables development of novel reaction systems and technologies for polymers productions.

Nitrogen Forms in Synthetic Humic Acids Using Nitrogen-15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technique

^15N-labelled phenolic polymers were synthesized by reactions of p-benzoquinone and 1,4-diphenol with ^15N-labelled glycine and were studied by using ^15N CP-MAS NMR technique in combination with chemical approaches.Results showed that the proportion of polymer nitrogen as N-phenyl amino acid N was not as great as expected,only accounting for 5%-15%;and most of N in polymers occurred in the forms of amide,pyrrole-and indole-like nitrogen,aliphatic amines and isonitrile.It seems that great differences existed between synthetic humic acids and soil humic acids in the type and distribution of nitrogen forms.

多元羧酸与木材酯化反应的固体核磁共振谱CPMAS^(13)CNMR的表征

本研究要用以多元羧酸为酯化剂 ,以无机盐为催化剂的交联体系。这一体系是新型的、水溶的、无毒害、无污染的非甲醛系试剂并联体系。本文采用固体核磁共振谱CP MAS1 3 CNMR ,测定木材主要组分酯化反应的CP MAS1 3 CNMR波谱 ,归属主要谱线 ,分析了多元羧酸与木材交联反应过程中主要组分的化学结构变化。结果表明 :酯化反应后 ,羧基碳的比率增加 ;芳香族碳和羟基碳的比率减少 ;烷基碳的变化随着羧基碳的变化而改变。

MA-AA-AM三元共聚物的阻垢性能

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,在水相中聚合制备三元共聚物PMAA,从因素效应方面综合研究其阻垢性能。实验表明,PMAA对温度有较宽的适应范围,在中酸性和弱碱性条件下能较好地发挥阻垢性能,在高浓缩倍数下亦有良好的阻垢效果。在水样pH=7,温度为80℃,阻垢剂PMAA质量浓度为6mg/L时,恒温10 h,对碳酸钙阻垢率为97.38%,对磷酸钙阻垢率为85.69%;PMAA质量浓度为12 mg/L,对碳酸钙阻垢率可达100%,对磷酸钙阻垢率亦能达96.5%以上。

MA-AA-MAS三元共聚物的制备及其阻垢性能研究

以水为溶剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和甲代烯丙基磺酸钠(MAS)为单体合成了三元共聚物.探讨了该共聚物转化率、平均分子质量、阻垢分散效果与单体配比、引发剂用量、反应温度、反应时间之间的关系.结果表明,当单体MA,AA,MAS物质的量比为3.0∶1.0∶0.6,引发剂质量分数为单体总量的14%,反应温度应控制在90℃,反应时间为4 h时,所制得的共聚物性能最佳,单体转化率为90.1%,对CaCO3和Ca3(PO4)2的阻垢率分别达到98.2%和92.1%.

MA/HPA/IPPA膦酰基羧酸三元共聚物阻垢分散性能的研究

考察了合成的马来酸酐(MA)/丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)/异丙烯膦酸(IPPA)新型膦酰基羧酸共聚物对碳酸钙、硫酸钙和磷酸钙垢的阻垢性能,探讨了MA/HPA/IPPA膦酰基羧酸共聚物稳定锌离子和分散氧化铁能力。结果表明,MA/HPA/IPPA膦酰基羧酸三元共聚物不仅具有优异的抑制钙盐沉积的性能,而且具有良好的稳定金属锌离子和分散氧化铁颗粒能力,是一种综合性能较好的多功能水质稳定剂。

VAc/MA/AA三元无皂乳液共聚的研究

以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,对VAc/MA/AA三元无皂乳液共聚进行了研究。探讨了引发剂用量、功能单体用量(AA)对乳液稳定性、胶乳粒子粒径、粒径分布及胶乳粘度、粘接强度等性质的影响。结果表明: 引发剂用量小于单体总质量的0．7％时,随着KPS用量的增加,胶乳粒子粒径减小,粒径分布变窄;引发剂用量大于单体总质量的0．7％时,随着KPS用量的增加,胶乳粒径及分布都增大,KPS用量为单体总质量的6％时,单分散性好;共聚乳液的粒径随AA用量的增加而增加,粒径分布则随AA用量的增加而减小,乳液粘度随AA用量增大而降低,而粘接强度随AA用量增大而增加,耐水性下降。

AMPS／AA／MA三元共聚物的合成及降粘性能

合成了ＡＭＰＳ／ＡＡ／ＭＡ三元共聚物，研究了合成反应中ＭＡ用量对淡水泥浆、含盐和含钙泥浆及强碱性泥浆性能的影响。研究结果表明，ＭＡ用量为６０％（摩尔）的ＡＭＰＳ／ＡＡ／ＭＡ三元共聚物的抗钙性能明显优于ＡＭＰＳ／ＡＡ二元共聚物；ＭＡ用量为３０％（摩尔）的三元共聚物的抗温抗盐性能与ＡＭＰＳ／ＡＡ二元共聚物相当。

PESA和MA/AA分别萃取污泥中汞的比较研究

以汞污泥为材料,分别用聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)和丙烯酸-马来酸酐共聚物(MA/AA)作为萃取剂,研究了PESA和MA/AA在不同pH、萃取剂浓度、搅拌时间和土液比下对汞(Hg)的萃取效果。实验结果表明,PESA对污泥中Hg的萃取效果优于MA/AA。在萃取体系pH分别为6和9,土液比分别为1∶250和1∶300,萃取剂浓度均为30 mg/mL、搅拌时间均为60 min时,PESA和MA/AA对泥土中汞的萃取率分别为63%和28%。用PESA萃取后的污泥达到《危险废物鉴别标准·浸出毒性鉴别》堆放标准。PESA中不含有氮、磷等元素,不会引起水体的富营养化及环境污染,是一种环境友好型水溶性聚合物。

AM/AA/MA三元共聚物降失水剂PL-1的室内研究

以氧化还原体系为引发剂,在40±2℃和氮气保护的条件下用丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、马来酸酐三种单体进行水溶液共聚,合成了 PL-1水泥浆降失水剂。考察了 PL-1对水泥浆失水量、流变性、稠化时间等性能的影响。结果表明,PL-1的合成条件简便,具有良好的耐温和抗剪切性,对水泥浆有很强的降滤失作用及良好的分散作用。

IR.MAS NMR法研究富硅超稳镨氢Y沸石

制备了NH_4Y、USY、PrHY、USPrHY、F8Y及FSPrHY催化剂,测定其组成和物性.于红外光谱装置上比较了上述催化剂羟基峰的异同,通过对吡啶的吸脱附测定了诸催化剂的酸强度.B 酸强度顺序为:FSPrHY>FSY>USPrHY>USY>PrHY>NH_4Y.^(29)Sit MAS NMR 谱表明,在USPrHY 及FSPrHY 的Si(0Al)%甚多于PrHY 和NH_4Y 中的Si(0Al)%.IR、^(29)Sj MAS NMR 及活性测试等结果说明:沸石中0NNN 铝位的存在,是达到强酸性的必要条件.高价稀土阳离子形成(?)及Pr(OH)^(2+)抵消了方钠石笼中AlO_4^-上的电荷,增强了剩余铝位上羟基酸强度;且从骨架羟基上吸引电子,因而使质子酸性更强,从而提高了裂解、岐化、脱烷基活性.

苦杏仁酸—EDTA—CTMAB体系荧光法测定铽

研究了铽—苦杏仁酸—EDTA—CTMAB体系的荧光性质 ,探讨了荧光体系的组成及影响因素 ,建立了在该体系中测定铽的新方法。在 pH值为 1 2 . 6时 ,由于表面活性剂CTMAB的加入 ,使体系的相对荧光强度有较大的增强。在激发波长 2 45nm和荧光波长 54 7nm处测定铽 ,检测限达 1 0ng/ml。此法应用于合成样品中微量铽的测定 。