Study on Ecological Compensation Policy among the Micro Subjects on Water Energy Resources Development

The subjects of ecological compensation involve the nation, society, development enterprises of wa-ter-energy resources, as well as the location of resource itself. This paper systematically studies on how to make “water energy sources market compensation policy”, “the economic compensation policy for relevant interest subjects” and “the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water.” So, it is necessary to exert the complementary function between market compensation and government compensation by the means of economic compensation and to establish the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water, which is beneficial to coordinating the stakeholders’ interests of cross-region or inter-basin. And it is important and significant to establish constantly perfected ecological compensation policy among the micro subjects on water energy resources development, so as to coordinate interest relationships among various subjects and finally reach the aim of sustainable use of water energy resources and environmental protection as possible.

The influence of Chinese population policy change on resources and the environment

Universal two-child policy has been implemented since the end of 2015 in China.This policy is anticipated to bring a significant increase in the total population,with profound influences on the resources and environment in the future.This paper analyzes the changing dynamics of urban and rural population,and forecasts urban and rural population from 2016 to 2030 at national and provincial scale using a double log linear regression model.Drawing upon the results of these two predictions,the impact of the population policy change on Chinese resources consumption and environmental pollution are predicted quantitatively.Given the future total population maintains current levels on resources consumption and environmental emission,the additional demand of resources and environment demand for the new population is forecasted and compared against the capacity on supply side.The findings are as follows:after implementing the universal two-child policy,China's grain,energy consumption,domestic water demand,and pollutant emissions are projected to increase at different rates across provinces.To meet the needs arising from future population growth,food and energy self-sufficiency rate will be significantly reduced in the future,while relying more on imports.Stability of the water supply needs to be improved,especially in Beijing,Henan,Jiangsu,Qinghai,and Sichuan where the gap in future domestic water demand is comparatively larger.Environmental protection and associated governing capability are in urgent need of upgrade not least due to the increasing pressure of pollution.

A Multi-Level Evaluation of Policy Integration of Human Resource Development in Agriculture Sector

Human resource development assumes as a golden key for a knowledge-based economy and competitiveness. This study evaluates policy integration of human resource development (HRD) in agricultural sector within the context of multi-level governance (i.e., interdependence of administrative levels in decision making) and suggests means to enhance policy integration in Bangladesh. Conducting a critical review of major policy instruments, key informant interview and two case studies, this study concluded that HRD issue has fairly included and observed consistency (between the aim of HRD and policy) in all policies and strategies;majority of policy instruments have significantly addressed the significance of HRD and added plans for its development;reporting, monitoring and evaluation of policies and strategies are rather weak and there is no adequate flow of financial arrangement that is largely determined by the availability of government project. Based on the findings, the following means should be useful for improving HRD policy integration such as providing a handsome amount of development budget at the sub-district agricultural office, formulating coherent strategies to build effective cooperation, coordination and participation among stakeholders, initiating special capacity building programmes for rural women, young farmers and smallholders and mainstreaming HRD issue in governmental planning and programmes, and accordingly crafting policies and implementation.

Resources and international climate change policy gridlock

Few other policy zones are as complex as the issue of climate change.If the more pessimistic projections of climate change doom are correct,then the failure to address the issue is likely to be catastrophic and irreversible.The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change has predicted the potential extinction of many species and that the existence of small-island and other vulnerable countries will be threatened if business-as-usual greenhouse gas emissions continue.Climate change is a transboundary problem and requires unprecedented levels of cooperation between states and serious and sustained responses from major emitters.However,the growing demand and consumption of natural resources for continued energy security and cornucopian economic growth have undermined the outcomes of international climate change negotiations.It is argued here that there is a strong connection between the major emitters'positions at United Nations'climate talks,their possessions,dependence and consumption of natural resources,and the continued undermining of international climate change policy for unsustainable growth.This paper assesses the resource politics of the US,China,India,Canada,Russia,and Saudi Arabia and their positions at climate talks to show the link between lack of climate change policy progress and the positions of these main players.

A STUDY ON THE OPTIMAL EXPLOITATION POLICY OF MULTI-MINE RESOURCES

At the present stage, the exploitation loss and waste of mineral resources are serious.lf this trend goes on, it will undoubtedly accelerate the resource depletion. Based on the values of mineral resources and their natural and economic attibutes, this paper sets up a multi-mine mineral resource exploitation model in the market competition. In addition, it analyses the struc-ture of the model and derives optimal conditions. Finally it gives a detailed interpretation of the practical application of the model for instance.

Human Resources Development and Migration： New Potential Determinants for Monetary Policy

The main objective of the present paper is to determine the potential impact the qualitative and quantitative tendencies in the labor market on the decisions which influence the design of monetary policy worldwide. The analysis is focused on how human resources and phenomena associated with them could influence potential growth and, further on, how they can impact monetary policy decisions at national level for European countries outside the euro area and at ECB level for the euro zone countries. Moreover, the paper will envisage potential macroeconomic reactions （monetary decisions herewith included） to human resources dynamics. The economic variations are regarded through the perspective of growth potential shown by the Research ＆ Development sector and also through the effects of labor force migration. The analysis of statistical data aims at pointing out the different economic perspectives in the European Union, the United States, and Japan, also considering the disparities between EU member states. The analysis is completed by the use of the ranking method, the conclusions stating once more the crucial importance of the human factor in drawing monetary policy decisions

Uncoordination of China’s social assistance program resources and policy solutions

With the promulgation and implementation of Social Assistance Interim Measures, China hasbasically established the social assistance system framework with Dibao, Three-nos people support and disasterrelief as the basis, with housing aid, medical aid ,education aid and employment aid as the support and with temporaryassistance and charity help as the supplement. The establishment of various social assistance programsundoubtedly aims to fulfil different demands of urban and rural neddy people, however,the increase of socialassistance programs does not necessarily bring about an increase in the effectiveness of social assistance. Thispaper analyzes the uncoordination of Chinas social assistance program resources and put forward related policysolutions.

Investment Promotion for Development Zones in China:Underlying Rationale and Policy Options

Development zones(DZs)have emerged as a significant policy initiative for promoting regional coordination and facilitating resources allocation.They serve as an organizational framework for fostering industrial agglomeration and driving high-quality development.DZs attract and accommodate resource factors,firms,and projects,thereby functioning as a central catalyst for economic growth.This study utilizes data collected at the“DZ,City and Countrycountry”levels through manual compilation,textual analysis,and innovation measurement.It aims to empirically examine the theoretical rationale and practical preferences for promoting business and investment in China’s DZs.This study considers several factors such as industry attribute,firm attribute,agglomeration theory,and industrial chain layout.Based on our research findings,DZs exhibit distinct preferences.First,industry attribute:DZs align with both national and regional strategic planning and adhere to the industrial endowments of the respective areas.Second,firm attribute:DZs prioritize attracting firms that are productive and innovative,and have an international presence,rather than those that primarily contribute to taxes and job creation.Third,DZs are guided by the agglomeration theory,which suggests that they prefer firms that generate strong agglomeration externalities.Lastly,DZs also consider the industrial chain layout,aiming to attract firms that not only align with their existing industrial strengths but also extend to the upstream and downstream supply chain links.These conclusions are substantiated by the performance of robustness test.The success of DZs in China can be attributed to the five key principles:Adherence to national and regional strategic planning,prioritizing the actual industrial foundation,incorporating the theory of agglomeration externalities,strengthening corporate competitiveness,and expanding industrial chains.

Research on the Incentive System of Human Resource Management in Universities

Based on the actual situation of the establishment of the incentive system for human resource management in universities,the constituent elements and relevant principles of the incentive system for human resources in universities are expounded on,the current situation of the actual needs of the faculty and staff in universities is studied and analyzed,and practical plans for establishing the concept and implementing the incentive system in universities are proposed,with relevant incentive mechanisms for human resource management focusing on differentiated needs developed for reference.

中国稀土政策演进分析及评价研究

稀土是国家发展与产业升级的重要资源,建立完善的稀土政策体系至关重要。通过构建稀土政策分析框架,利用文本挖掘、社会网络、PMC指数模型方法,从稀土政策演进历程、政策关系网络和政策量化评价三个方面,对我国1985年至今发布的48项稀土政策进行分析。结果表明,我国稀土政策演进分为4个阶段,其中规范稀土资源开采程序、整顿稀土市场秩序一直是我国稀土政策的核心;政策网络体系已初步构建,但政策间关联性较差,存在较多孤立政策,政策协同关系需要加强;政策总体设计较为合理,但在激励措施以及效力级别等方面略有不足。最后,针对我国稀土政策的特点及存在的不足提出了优化与完善建议。

产业政策、基金投资与企业股权再融资

如何有效引导资金流向政策支持的产业,是产业政策发挥效果、促进金融服务经济的关键。根据“产业政策引导基金投资,基金投资与产业政策的有机结合影响企业再融资”的思路,研究了产业政策对基金投资行为的影响,并进一步研究了产业政策影响下的基金投资能否促进企业再融资问题。研究发现:产业政策能引导基金投向政策支持的企业;基金持股与产业政策的交互作用引导资本市场资金流向政策支持的企业,促进企业再融资。研究有助于深入理解产业政策、资本市场主体行为和市场资源配置之间的关系,更好发挥产业政策的导向作用和金融支持实体经济的功能。

政策网络视角下县域教师交流政策的执行困境与破解路径——基于辽宁省T县的案例研究

教师交流是促进义务教育均衡发展的关键举措。本研究立足于辽宁省T县义务教育教师交流政策执行调研实况,利用政策网络理论分析框架,分析教师交流政策主体间的互动关系对政策执行成效的影响机制。研究发现,县域教师交流政策网络主体主要包括政策社群网络、府际网络、校际网络和议题网络,各网络主体之间的互动关系对县域教师交流政策执行成效具有显著影响作用。县域教师交流政策执行面临着政策社群网络内部的部门协同不畅、政策社群网络与府际网络间的利益取向冲突、校际网络内部的资源流动不畅、议题网络的参与程度不高等四大困境。基于此,破解县域教师交流政策执行中所面临的困境应畅通政策社群网络内部的跨部门合作通道,稳固跨部门合作关系;按照纵向职责同构原则,明确政策社群网络和府际网络的职责分工;调整校际网络内部的互动模式,疏通县乡学校交流渠道;畅通议题网络参与渠道,激发议题网络规模效应;调整校际网络内部的互动模式,疏通县乡学校交流渠道;畅通议题网络参与渠道,激发议题网络的规模效应。

基于三维分析框架的我国护理人力资源配置政策研究

目的归纳总结我国护理人力资源配置政策,梳理其发展特点及影响因素,为完善我国护理人力资源配置政策提供新思路。方法采用内容分析法,基于政策工具-政策过程-发展历程构建三维分析框架,对国家层面印发的护理人力资源配置相关政策进行分析。结果共纳入25份政策文本,获取142条政策文本编码。最早的1份政策于1978年印发,2010年及以后共印发19份。从发文部门来看,国务院印发5份,国家卫生健康委员会印发15份,其中5份由2个及以上部门联合印发。在政策工具维度,供给型、需求型和环境型政策工具占比分别为22.54%、4.22%和73.24%。在政策发展维度,政策规划、政策实施、政策监督、政策评价分别占36.62%、50.00%、7.04%和6.34%。结论护理人力资源配置政策应加强需求型政策工具的使用,进一步协调政策工具的内部结构;加强政策过程中的监督和评价功能,加强各方协作,保障护理人力资源合理配置。

血液透析护理人力资源配置方法探索与现况调查

目的探索血液透析护理人力资源配置计算方法,了解血液透析护理人力资源配置现状,为医疗行政部门完善相关管理政策提供依据。方法建立血液透析护理人力资源配置护患比计算方法,采用自行设计的调查问卷对陕西省178所医院血液透析室护理人力资源情况进行调查。结果陕西省血液透析室全天护患比为1∶6.09(4.93,7.03),达到时点护患比1∶6.67的医院122所(68.54%)。不同性质、等级、开设班次医院全天护患比达标率比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。81.46%医院血液透析护理人力资源年实际配置总人数达到理论配置总人数。结论陕西省血液透析总体护理人力配置及时点护理人力资源配置整体基本达标。建议在血液透析护理人力配比及各班次时点排班时,参考时点护患比临界值及护士人力资源总体配置数量计算方法,合理安排护理人力,以减轻护士工作压力,确保患者的透析质量和安全。

目标群体异质性影响政策遵从的双重机制研究——以企业养老保险缴费所有制差异为例

相同政策下目标群体为何存在遵从差异?基于政策反馈理论,本文提出目标群体异质性影响政策遵从的双重机制:解释效应,政策认知在异质性目标群体之间存在差异,影响遵从意愿;资源效应,政策导致的资源变化在异质性目标群体中分配不均衡,影响遵从能力;二者的大小和方向共同决定遵从程度。以2008—2015年A股上市公司为样本,实证检验所有制影响两类企业养老保险政策遵从的机制。结果发现:(1)目标群体异质性通过解释效应和资源效应显著影响政策遵从;(2)解释效应可以与资源效应作用相反,且超过资源效应;(3)政策性质影响解释效应和资源效应。

商业模式设计如何匹配产业政策以获得高企业绩效——源自中国新能源汽车企业的证据

采用NCA与fsQCA相结合的方法对89家新能源企业进行研究,求解引致企业高水平绩效和低水平绩效的多元路径,探究商业模式设计如何匹配产业政策,进而影响企业绩效。研究发现:①商业模式设计、产业政策等单个要素并不是引致企业高水平绩效和低水平绩效的必要条件;②政府补贴、税收优惠均有助于产生高水平企业绩效,但是低水平低息贷款与低水平企业绩效无关;③不同商业模式设计类型之间可能存在协同效应,新奇型与效率型商业模式设计之间的协同性对实现高水平企业绩效具有关键作用;④产生高水平企业绩效的产业政策与商业模式设计组合可划分为两种类型;⑤相比于技术创新,高水平企业绩效更依赖于资源能力。因此,无论是政府还是企业都应该重视产业政策与商业模式的匹配。

缅甸地质矿产特征与矿业投资环境分析

缅甸位于中国西南和印度洋之间,是“一带一路”中缅经济走廊的重要节点,也是中国西南通向印度洋、连接东南亚的便捷通道。缅甸固体矿产资源较为丰富,但地质工作研究程度较低,因而具有良好的矿业投资前景,尤其是近年来缅甸政府陆续更新了矿业政策,对外国赴缅矿业投资的限制进行了优化,以此吸引更多的投资者在缅进行矿业勘查开发,振兴缅甸矿业经济。文中介绍了缅甸地质与矿产资源概况、近十年勘查开发形势及主要矿山开发现状,重点解读了近年来缅甸政府颁发的新的《矿业法》和《矿业法实施细则》等文件,以期更加深入地理解缅甸矿业政策的新变化、新动向和新趋势,为中资企业开展缅甸矿业投资开发提供依据。同时,提出相关的建议,包括需要及时跟进矿业市场动态、了解在缅项目负面清单、科学把握政策要点、提前研判与缅甸政府合作的优劣模式以及履行企业社会责任等。笔者分析缅甸资源禀赋和矿业开发现状、深入解读缅甸新颁布的矿业法和矿业政策,对企业在缅甸矿产勘查和矿业投资合作具有一定指导意义。

我国地方人类遗传资源监管对策研究

人类遗传资源是国家自然科技资源不可或缺的组成部分,也是维护国家安全、公众健康和社会公共利益的重要战略资源。为推动人类遗传资源的有效保护和合理利用,健全和优化地方人类遗传资源管理体系,通过梳理国家人类遗传资源管理政策和法规,总结2004—2021年国家人类遗传资源行政审批监管现状;并且从人类遗传资源发展规划和方案、行政许可和处罚、管理专家委员会建设三个方面了解了地方人类遗传资源管理现状及其进展,探讨分析出地方人类遗传资源管理工作存在监管不明晰、监督检查难度较大、服务能力有限等主要问题,从而结合问题成因和地方管理工作实际,有针对性地从人类遗传资源明确监管政策与程序、完善监督检查机制、提升管理服务能力的视角出发提出具体的对策建议。

信息型政策工具如何促进中小企业持续创新——资源拼凑的中介效应与创新动力的调节效应

在创新驱动发展战略和数字化转型深入推进的背景下,政府部门出台了一系列信息型政策工具来促进中小企业创新发展,但是,信息型政策工具是否以及如何促进企业持续创新,学界对此研究较少。以国内446家科技中小企业为研究对象,实证检验信息型政策工具对中小企业持续创新的影响机理。结果表明:信息型政策工具会对中小企业资源拼凑(探索式资源拼凑、利用式资源拼凑)及企业持续创新产生显著正向影响;资源拼凑在信息型政策工具与中小企业持续创新之间发挥部分中介作用,且相较于利用式资源拼凑,探索式资源拼凑的中介效应更强;创新动力显著正向调节资源拼凑与中小企业持续创新之间的关系,且创新动力在利用式资源拼凑与中小企业持续创新之间的调节作用更强。

重点产业政策与中国企业出口产品组合调整

本文利用中国工业企业数据和海关数据,考察了重点产业政策对多产品企业出口产品组合调整的影响。研究结果发现,重点产业政策促进了企业出口产品集中度的提高和出口产品范围的扩大。这种促进作用在民营企业、外资企业、一般贸易企业和东部地区企业中更为突出。重点产业政策通过缓解企业融资约束和激励企业技术创新等渠道影响企业出口行为的调整,同时,激烈的国内同业竞争和目的地市场竞争进一步强化了产业政策效应。除了影响受支持企业的出口行为,重点产业政策还能通过融资和创新的溢出效应带动相同二位码行业内非重点企业调整出口产品组合,培育其竞争优势。