PACMANUS热液区Si-Fe-Mn氧化物的显微结构特征及意义

用显微镜、电子探针和扫描电镜等分析技术,对2008年"KX08-973"航次中国首次在东马努斯海盆PACMANUS热液区用拖网取得的少量Si-Fe-Mn氧化物海底热液产物样品进行显微结构特征研究。研究表明,显微镜下,样品呈隐晶质结构;扫描电镜下可见已石化的硅藻;电子探针分析结果显示,Fe和Mn的分布具有明显的分带性,呈现出Si-Mn质层被Si-Fe质层包裹的特征,反应了Si-Fe-Mn氧化物的形成具有多期多阶段性特征。样品是富Si,Fe和Mn的低温热液流体直接沉淀产物。本研究结果对该区热液氧化物的进一步研究,如Si-Mn质层和Si-Fe质层中Si与Mn和Fe的化合方式、微生物在热液氧化物形成过程中的作用具有指导意义。

Origin of the Volcanic Rocks Erupted in the Eastern Manus Basin：Basaltic Andesite-Andesite-Dacite Associations

There has been much recent interest in the origin of intermediate lava and several hypotheses are: 1) direct melting of the mantle under water-saturated conditions, 2) partial melting of altered crust, 3) fractional crystallization of parent magma, and 4) magma mixing of mafic magmas with dacitic/rhyolitic magmas. Volcanic rocks series ranging from basaltic andesite to dacite(SiO_2 ranges from 53.8 to 63.0 wt.%) from the eastern Manus Basin were detected for major and trace element compositions to understand their origin. Low H_2O contents, positive correlations of La-SiO_2 and Yb-SiO_2, oxygen isotope data and the indistinct change of trace element concentrations in oscillatory zoning of plagioclase phenocrysts rule out the models in which silicic lava results from direct melting of hydrous mantle, partial melting of altered oceanic crust or gabbros, and magma mixing, respectively. Besides, the geochemical data of whole rock and melt inclusions indicate that fractional crystallization plays a dominant role in generating the intermediate lava with subduction features.

Mineralogical and geochemical variation in hydrothermal sulfides from Vienna Woods field,Manus Basin,Papua New Guinea：constraints on their evolution

Polymetallic sulfides from two hydrothermal chimneys and talus deposit from the Vienna Woods field of Manus Basin were studied for mineralogy,elemental composition,and S-isotope ratio to understand their evolution.The factors including the nature of source fluid,mineral paragenesis,and related geochemical processes have been discussed.Mineralogy and elemental concentration of Cu and Fe-rich large chimney at the central part of this hydrothermal field was completely different from the smaller Zn-rich peripheral chimney and Fe-rich talus deposit,suggesting the variable degree of alterations generate physico-chemically different source fluids responsible for these hydrothermal structures.Similarly,S-isotope ratios also indicate chemically diverse fluids and different modes of precipitation were involved in their evolution.Distinct mineral zonings and associated elemental and isotopic compositions within individual deposit confirm paragenetic shifts were involved during their growth process.

Silicon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Igneous Rocks from the Eastern Manus Basin

This paper reports silicon and oxygen isotopes of 20 kinds of igneous rocks and their major elements from the eastern Manus Basin. Combining silicon and oxygen isotopic data from other studies, we suppose that both δ30Si and δ18O values increase with the increasing of SiO2 content. It means that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes are affected by the silica content. The positive correlation between CaO/Al2O3 ratios and MgO and that between Si/Al and SiO2 content indicate that clinopyroxene is the predominant mineral phase in our samples. We suppose that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes are influenced by mineral fractional crystallization. Probably, it is due to their different silicon and oxygen bridges. In this study, the δ30Simean value=-0.17‰±0.17‰ and δ18Omean value= +6.07‰±0.57‰ are higher than normal δ30Si and δ18O values of mantle, and we propose that these igneous rocks in the eastern Manus Basin are affected by hydrothermal alteration.

Petrogenesis of volcanic rocks from Eastern Manus Basin: indications in mineralogy and geochemistry

To understand the petrogenesis and magma evolution history in the Eastern Manus Basin(EMB),geochemistry of pyroxene and plagioclase mineral phenocrysts in basaltic andesites and dacites were reported.The plagioclase-melt thermometry showed that,plagioclase in dacites crystalized in 1027.2–1028.5°C under 3.37–5.08 kbar,whereas in basaltic andesite was 1181.4–1187.0°C under 1.79–4.46 kbar.Pyroxene compositions and invariable La/Sm vs La values of whole rock powders indicate that lavas were erupted in rapid cooling rate and mainly controlled by fractional crystallization(FC).In addition,oscillatory zonings in plagioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts indicated small local perturbations and degassing episodes in the magma chamber.Some high Mg#clinopyroxene antecrysts were found in EMB lavas.The highest Mg#of parental EMB melts is 69,which falls into the range of initial partial melts from upper mantle peridotite source(68–75).In terms of isotopic compositions,the EMB lavas most likely originated from Indian-type MORB mantle which was infl uenced by subduction components.In details,the subduction components are mainly derived from the dehydration of a subducted altered oceanic crust,and the contribution of sediment infl uence is minor.The Pb isotopic compositions and end member modeling further suggest that the source of subduction components is more likely from the Pacifi c Plate instead of the Solomon Plate.

Manu Smriti as the Protection of Female in Hindu Philosophy:In the Dimension of Structural-Functionalism

In the evolutionary process of socio-cultural structure,various“memories”and codes have been created as a collection of interpretations,rules,and regulations made by various experts in social,cultural,political,and religious leaders including kings,emperors,and sages.In these contexts,this article is focused to analyze the status,power,and authority of females in terms of the explanation of Manu Smriti in the structural-functional perspective.Mostly secondary and qualitative data have been used in this article.The data have been collected through the historical content analysis method.To obtain the objective,the facts have been collected from the verses of Manu Smriti(which are related to female issues)and historical interpretation of ancient society.Collected secondary data have been analyzed through the historical content analysis method.According to the structural-functional point of view,due to the socio-cultural environment of the time in which the laws and regulations related to women have to be made,these issues seem to be more relevant,such as the permission of men for functioning,child marriage,etc.Analyzing the issues from a patriarchal point of view,the law of the time was in favor of women’s inequality and exploitation of women.The theory of patriarchy mentions that women are oppressed,exploited,and subjugated by men in the patriarchal social structure.The facts of Manu Smriti,such as women as the gods,as an indicator of respect,as a symbol of the progress,etc.,are not congruent to the explanation of the theory of patriarchy.

2015 manus竞赛:最具创造性的塑料轴承应用

来自世界各地的开发人员展现了工程塑料轴承的巨大应用潜能。manus金奖授予莱布尼茨汉诺威大学Jan-Philipp Kobler开发的耳外科手术设备。特别奖授予印度ATS ELGI公司,他们将易格斯免润滑塑料轴承应用于自动洗车设备。manus奖项青睐那些大胆创新的塑料轴承应用,兼具技术和经济效益。来自34个国家的开发者展示了塑料滑动轴承从原型机到成熟应用的潜在用途。

2015manus竞赛:寻找大胆创新的塑料轴承应用

滑动轴承在各式各样的机械结构中默默运行,非常不起眼,以至于常常被人忽略。为了扭转这个局面,易格斯在2003年首次举办了manus竞赛。自动望远镜、钻孔设备、滑雪训练器……超过400多个应用案例参与竞逐2013年manus大奖上届大赛有来自33个国家的437个应用参与竞逐。

Mineralogical and micromorphological characteristics of Si-Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides from the PACMANUS hydrothermal field, Eastern Manus Basin

The mineralogical and micromorphological characteristics of Si-Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides from the dacite-hosted PACMANUS hydrothermal field were analyzed.The samples are poorly crystallized Si-Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides with minor birnessite, todorokite, nontronite, goethite, and opal-A.There are some microtextures which are rather like fossil microbes such as the filamentous silica and the hollow pipes.Flakes of nontronite crystals are found either forming a honeycomb texture or distrib- uted on the surface of the hollow pipes.Nontronite is the product precipitated from low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, and microbes may play a role in its formation.Si-Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides have two kinds of nuclei: Si-Mn nuclei and Si nuclei, both enveloped by the similar Si-Fe outer layer, existing in the rod-shaped oxyhydroxide and spheroidal oxyhydroxide, respectively.In the Si-Mn nuclei, the concentration of SiO2 is between 39.32 wt% and 86.31 wt%, and MnO concentration is between 4.97 wt% and 27.01 wt%, but Fe2O3 concentration is very low (0.54 wt%-3.43 wt%).In the Si nucleus the concentration of SiO2 is 90.17 wt%, but concentration of MnO and Fe2O3 are low, with 0.06 wt% and 3.47 wt%, respectively.The formation of the Si-Mn nucleus is closely related to microbes, whereas the Si nucleus is of inorganic origin.

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易格斯第九届manus奖启动

外骨骼、电动机械臂和太空垃圾研究项目这3个应用有什么共同点呢?它们都使用了工程塑料轴承,并且获得了第八届manus奖——这个奖项由运动塑料专家igus每两年举办一次。第九届manus奖已正式启动。在两年前的第八届manus奖的评选中.

Project Manus,MIT新创客运动

在麻省理工学院2017年毕业典礼上,材料科学及工程系的每个毕业生,都获得了一枚铜质勋章。勋章上印有MIT校徽——拿铁锤的劳动者与拿书本的学者,他们的脚下写着拉丁文mens et manus,即校训＂动脑也动手＂。勋章还有特别之处,都是由学生们自己动手做的。做一枚勋章得投入不少小时的工作量。

绝妙的塑料轴承应用方案——全球437个塑料轴承应用方案竞逐第六届manus竞赛

由德国易格斯公司发起的manus竞赛(两年一届)终于尘埃落定,评审团的专家们经过详细的甄选,在全球437个创新应用中选出了获胜者。并且在德国汉诺威展期间进行了颁奖。第六届manus塑料轴承创新应用竞赛旨在寻找非凡的免润滑免维护轴承应用,并根据其技术和经济效益上的优势来评定优胜者。

“有效失败”理论文献综述

摩奴·卡普尔(Kapur Manu)学者提出的有效失败理论(Productive Failure),以深度学习为导向,强调学生在课堂中经历的有效“失败”不仅能够激发学生“探明真相”的内在学习动机,而且能够帮助学生克服失败带来的羞耻感,锤炼学习韧性,近些年来得到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文通过梳理“有效失败”理论的国内外相关文献,在阐述其源起与内涵、实践与效果的基础上,结合当前研究现状及课改要求,从理论发展、学科融合、实践探索等方面提出具体建议,以期为学生发展赋能。

添加剂调控电化学微流束3D打印

电化学增材制造技术由于成型精度高、孔隙率低、无热应力等优点,在微纳金属结构的制造中受到广泛关注。为提高电化学沉积技术的三维成型能力,提出了一种添加剂调控电化学微流束3D打印微铜结构的方法,并对该工艺参数进行了优化。详细分析了添加剂组分对铜结晶的微观调控作用,通过理论推导得出阴极表面沉积速率,并通过数值模拟探究沉积过程中的能量传递和物质运输。通过Taguchi实验初步筛选出工艺参数范围,并说明其交互作用。在Taguchi实验结果的基础上,通过响应曲面实验进一步缩小工艺参数,并说明各参数之间的影响。最后,以Taguchi和响应曲面实验得出的优化参数,进行不同尺寸微铜柱以及螺旋结构的3D打印,其不同尺寸铜柱的平均表面粗糙度S_(a)为0.065μm,螺旋工件的表面粗糙度S_(a)在0.106~0.159μm。实验结果表明:添加剂调控电化学微液束3D打印技术具有精确制造金属3D复杂结构和部件的能力,具备良好的工程应用潜力。

新中国75年工业化发展的伟大成就和历史经验探析

经过75年的发展,中国的工业化发展水平和综合国力显著提高,产业体系和经济体系的完整程度和现代化水平显著提升,工业布局明显改善,科技创新能力显著增强,产业国际竞争力极大提高。中国成为世界第一制造大国,并加快迈向世界制造强国。中国之所以取得了工业化发展的伟大成就,是因为我们始终坚持中国共产党对工业化和现代化事业的全面领导;既遵循工业化和现代化的一般发展规律,又兼顾自身特殊的国情条件;坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合,不断调整优化体制机制;充分发挥比较优势,积极打造竞争优势;坚持创新驱动发展,不断提高工业化发展的质量和效益;坚持贯彻绿色低碳发展理念,提高工业化和现代化与生态环境保护的兼容性和协调性。

中药外洗癣病方联合复方酮康唑软膏治疗手足癣临床观察

目的:观察中药外洗癣病方联合复方酮康唑软膏治疗手足癣的疗效。方法:132例分为两组,对照组61例用复方酮康唑软膏治疗,观察组71例用中药外洗癣病方及复方酮康唑软膏治疗。结果:总有效率观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗14d后临床症状积分观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后1个月、3个月复发率观察组均低于对照组(P<0.05)。不良反应发生率观察组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:中药外洗癣病方联合复方酮康唑软膏治疗手足癣有良好疗效,且不增加不良反应。

HPLC法同时测定蒙药清肝玛努-4醇提物中6种成分的含量及指纹图谱的建立

目的建立同时测定蒙药清肝玛努-4醇提物中马钱苷酸、龙胆苦苷、芍药苷、牡荆素、甘草苷、甘草酸铵等成分的HPLC含量测定方法及指纹图谱研究。方法采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液-乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为230 nm(芍药苷、牡荆素、甘草苷)、237 nm(马钱苷酸)、250 nm(甘草酸铵)、270 nm(龙胆苦苷),柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。结果蒙药清肝玛努-4醇提物中马钱苷酸、龙胆苦苷、芍药苷、牡荆素、甘草苷和甘草酸铵的质量浓度分别在0.0203~0.1210、0.0533~0.3177、0.0213~0.1270、0.0115~0.0690、0.0141~0.0838和0.0351~0.2091 mg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r≥0.9998),平均回收率分别为94.75%、99.49%、92.32%、95.82%、101.29%和98.04%,RSD分别为1.11%、0.76%、0.99%、2.75%、1.09%和2.43%(n=6)。建立了蒙药清肝玛努-4醇提物的HPLC指纹图谱,以S1号样品色谱图为参照图谱,通过多点校正和全谱峰匹配,生成对照指纹图谱,共确定10个共有峰,经与对照品比对指认了其中8个成分。结论所建立的测定方法及指纹图谱准确、可靠、重复性好、专属性强,为蒙药清肝玛努-4的质量控制及后续开发提供了依据。

技工院校模具专业工学一体教学模式探索

工学一体教学模式是以工程实践为导向的教学模式,旨在将实际工程项目与理论课程相结合,提高学生的实际动手能力和解决问题的能力,通过对工学一体教学模式在模具设计与制造专业教学中的实施进行探析,探讨该教学模式对提高学生创新能力和实践能力的作用。

构造-岩浆作用对热液活动的控制机理:马努斯海盆为例

综述了马努斯海盆热液区构造特征、基底差异,结合马努斯海盆热液区热液活动与构造-岩浆特征,探讨了二者的耦合关系,以及构造-岩浆作用对热液活动的影响和控制。马努斯海盆位于西南太平洋俾斯麦海的东北部,是世界上扩张速度最快的海盆之一。马努斯海盆西部(马努斯扩张中心,Manus SpreadingCenter,MSC)主要由海盆扩张成熟期产生的大洋中脊玄武岩组成,属于成熟弧后扩张中心,发育Vienna Woods热液区;海盆东部(东南裂谷, Southeast Rift, SER)则是一个拉张裂谷,处于扩张的早期阶段,属于不成熟弧后扩张中心,发育PACMANUS、DESMOS、SuSuKnolls三大热液区。MSC与大洋中脊的热液活动相似,而SER因受到火山、俯冲作用影响更为显著,其热液流体具有岩浆流体和俯冲流体的特征。与Vienna Woods热液压相比, PACMANUS、DESMOS以及SuSu Knolls三个热液区的水深相对较浅(1 150～1 740 m),是地球内部热物质由内向外迁移的结果,其下部岩浆作用强烈。此外,岩浆脱气作用和数值模拟结果表明,PACMANUS热液系统中具有岩浆流体的输入。与ViennaWoods热液区相比, PACMANUS、DESMOS、SuSu Knolls热液区的热液活动强度及流体组成主要受控于岩浆作用。