In order to thoroughly implement the national vocational education reform plan,vocational colleges and universities have vigorously promoted the reform of teaching materials.As a new form of teaching material,work man...In order to thoroughly implement the national vocational education reform plan,vocational colleges and universities have vigorously promoted the reform of teaching materials.As a new form of teaching material,work manual teaching materials highlight the characteristics of vocational education,provide the direction of vocational education textbook reform,and act as the foundation of the“three education”reform in vocational colleges.Based on the analysis of the current situation of the construction of teaching materials for higher vocational education,we explore the ideas for the development of work manual teaching materials,aiming to provide some reference for the development of teaching materials for vocational education in the new era.展开更多
An empirical time study was cohducted to evaluate the performance of the current felling and tree processing methods used in Northern Iran＇s Hyrcanian forest. Motor-manual felling is done mostly in winter, while tree...An empirical time study was cohducted to evaluate the performance of the current felling and tree processing methods used in Northern Iran＇s Hyrcanian forest. Motor-manual felling is done mostly in winter, while tree processing starts when the felling season ends. We identified the elements of felling and processing work phases, and 142 cycles and 110 cycles were respectively recorded for felling and processing. On the basis of data analysis （time study）, we developed statistical models of effective time consumption in the respective work phase and for its total productivity. The production rate of felling with and without delay time was 9.7 and 11.65 trees per hour （0.17 USD.m^-3 and 0.21 USD-m^-3）, and the average production cost with and without delay was 1.21 USD and 1.45 USD per tree, respectively. The average productivity of processing was 35 m^3 per effective hour and the average unit cost of processing was 0.92 USD.m^-3.展开更多
文摘In order to thoroughly implement the national vocational education reform plan,vocational colleges and universities have vigorously promoted the reform of teaching materials.As a new form of teaching material,work manual teaching materials highlight the characteristics of vocational education,provide the direction of vocational education textbook reform,and act as the foundation of the“three education”reform in vocational colleges.Based on the analysis of the current situation of the construction of teaching materials for higher vocational education,we explore the ideas for the development of work manual teaching materials,aiming to provide some reference for the development of teaching materials for vocational education in the new era.
基金financially supported by Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technologies and University of Joensuu
文摘An empirical time study was cohducted to evaluate the performance of the current felling and tree processing methods used in Northern Iran＇s Hyrcanian forest. Motor-manual felling is done mostly in winter, while tree processing starts when the felling season ends. We identified the elements of felling and processing work phases, and 142 cycles and 110 cycles were respectively recorded for felling and processing. On the basis of data analysis （time study）, we developed statistical models of effective time consumption in the respective work phase and for its total productivity. The production rate of felling with and without delay time was 9.7 and 11.65 trees per hour （0.17 USD.m^-3 and 0.21 USD-m^-3）, and the average production cost with and without delay was 1.21 USD and 1.45 USD per tree, respectively. The average productivity of processing was 35 m^3 per effective hour and the average unit cost of processing was 0.92 USD.m^-3.
