We applied a spatial high-order finite-difference-time-domain (HO-FDTD) scheme to solve 2D Maxwell’s equations in order to develop a fluid model employed to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filament...We applied a spatial high-order finite-difference-time-domain (HO-FDTD) scheme to solve 2D Maxwell’s equations in order to develop a fluid model employed to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filamentation of two femtosecond lasers in air plasma. We examined the performance of the applied scheme, in this context, we implemented the developed model to study selected phenomena in terahertz radiation production, such as the excitation energy and conversion efficiency of the produced THz radiation, in addition to the influence of the pulse chirping on properties of the produced radiation. The obtained numerical results have clarified that the applied HO-FDTD scheme is precisely accurate to solve Maxwell’s equations and sufficiently valid to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filamentation of two femtosecond lasers in air plasma.展开更多
Given the challenges of manufacturing resource sharing and competition in the modern manufacturing industry,the coordinated scheduling problem of parallel machine production and transportation is investigated.The prob...Given the challenges of manufacturing resource sharing and competition in the modern manufacturing industry,the coordinated scheduling problem of parallel machine production and transportation is investigated.The problem takes into account the coordination of production and transportation before production as well as the disparities in machine spatial position and performance.A non-cooperative game model is established,considering the competition and self-interest behavior of jobs from different customers for machine resources.The job from different customers is mapped to the players in the game model,the corresponding optional processing machine and location are mapped to the strategy set,and the makespan of the job is mapped to the payoff.Then the solution of the scheduling model is transformed into the Nash equilibrium of the non-cooperative game model.A Nash equilibrium solution algorithm based on the genetic algorithm(NEGA)is designed,and the effective solution of approximate Nash equilibrium for the game model is realized.The fitness function,single-point crossover operator,and mutation operator are derived from the non-cooperative game model’s characteristics and the definition of Nash equilibrium.Rules are also designed to avoid the generation of invalid offspring chromosomes.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through numerical experiments of various sizes.Compared with other algorithms such as heuristic algorithms(FCFS,SPT,and LPT),the simulated annealing algorithm(SA),and the particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO),experimental results show that the proposed NE-GA algorithm has obvious performance advantages.展开更多
This study applies a stochastic frontier production approach to decompose the sources of total productivity (TFP) growth into technical progress and changes in technical efficiency of 8057 firms in Vietnamese manufact...This study applies a stochastic frontier production approach to decompose the sources of total productivity (TFP) growth into technical progress and changes in technical efficiency of 8057 firms in Vietnamese manufacturing industries during 2003-2007. Using both total manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industrial regressions, the analysis focuses on the trend of technological progress (TP) and technical efficiency change (TEC), and the role of productivity change in economic growth. According to the estimated results, the annual technical progress for the manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industries are calculated directly from the estimated parameters of the translog stochastic frontier production function by taking a partial derivative of output with respect to time t. The average technical changes in manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industries are positive, with an average technical change about 5.2%, 5.8%, 5.4%, 11.8%, 4.6%, 4.1%, 7.3%, 4.8%, 4.8% and 4.8% for total sample, food products & beverages, textile & wearing apparel, footwear, paper & products, industrial chemicals, rubber & plastic products, non- metallic mineral, basic & fabricated metal and other sub-industries, respectively. Total TFP in the manufacturing sector has grown at the annual rate of 0.052, although the rate of growth decreased continuously during the sample period. For the sub-industry estimates during the sample period, TFP grew fastest in the footwear sub-industry, with annual average growth rate of 11.8%, followed by the rubber & plastic products with a rate of 7.3%, and the food products & beverages with a rate of 5.8% per annum.展开更多
Original equipment manufacturers(OEM) have never been so important and powerful as it is today in garment manufacturing industry.The OEMsupplier's production decisions always have a great impact on the market perf...Original equipment manufacturers(OEM) have never been so important and powerful as it is today in garment manufacturing industry.The OEMsupplier's production decisions always have a great impact on the market performance and the profits of a garment brand manufacturer.With constrained capacity and multiply buyers,howto make reasonable production decisions is an urgent problem for OEMsuppliers.A price discount model with a single OEMsupplier and two buyers is proposed to deal with the problem.Based on this model,the OEMsupplier could satisfy buyers' demands and guarantee their profits as well through adjusting price and delivery frequency.A numerical example validates the validity of the model.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia that principally affects older adults.Pathogenic factors,such as oxidative stress,an increase in acetylcholinester...Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia that principally affects older adults.Pathogenic factors,such as oxidative stress,an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity,mitochondrial dysfunction,genotoxicity,and neuroinflammation are present in this syndrome,which leads to neurodegeneration.Neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease are considered late-onset diseases caused by the complex combination of genetic,epigenetic,and environmental factors.There are two main types of Alzheimer’s disease,known as familial Alzheimer’s disease(onset<65 years)and late-onset or sporadic Alzheimer’s disease(onset≥65 years).Patients with familial Alzheimer’s disease inherit the disease due to rare mutations on the amyloid precursor protein(APP),presenilin 1 and 2(PSEN1 and PSEN2)genes in an autosomaldominantly fashion with closely 100%penetrance.In contrast,a different picture seems to emerge for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease,which exhibits numerous non-Mendelian anomalies suggesting an epigenetic component in its etiology.Importantly,the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms driving Alzheimer’s disease are interfaced with epigenetic dysregulation.However,the dynamic nature of epigenetics seems to open up new avenues and hope in regenerative neurogenesis to improve brain repair in Alzheimer’s disease or following injury or stroke in humans.In recent years,there has been an increase in interest in using natural products for the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease.Through epigenetic mechanisms,such as DNA methylation,non-coding RNAs,histone modification,and chromatin conformation regulation,natural compounds appear to exert neuroprotective effects.While we do not purport to cover every in this work,we do attempt to illustrate how various phytochemical compounds regulate the epigenetic effects of a few Alzheimer’s disease-related genes.展开更多
Recently, businessmen as well as industrialists are very much concerned about the theory of firm in order to make correct decisions regarding what items, how much and how to produce them. All these decisions are direc...Recently, businessmen as well as industrialists are very much concerned about the theory of firm in order to make correct decisions regarding what items, how much and how to produce them. All these decisions are directly related with the cost considerations and market situations where the firm is to be operated. In this regard, this paper should be helpful in suggesting the most suitable functional form of production process for the major manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. This paper considers Cobb-Douglas (C-D) production function with additive error and multiplicative error term. The main purpose of this paper is to select the appropriate Cobb-Douglas production model for measuring the production process of some selected manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. We use different model selection criteria to compare the Cobb-Douglas production function with additive error term to Cobb-Douglas production function with multiplicative error term. Finally, we estimate the parameters of the production function by using optimization subroutine.展开更多
Crowdsourcing is an innovative business practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content or even funds by soliciting contributions from a large group of people （the ＇Crowd＇）. The potential benefits of util...Crowdsourcing is an innovative business practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content or even funds by soliciting contributions from a large group of people （the ＇Crowd＇）. The potential benefits of utilizing crowdsourcing in product design are well-documented, but little research exists on what are the barriers and opportunities in adopting crowdsourcing in new product development （NPD） of manufacturing SMEs. In order to answer the above questions, a Proof of Market study is carried out on crowdsourcing-based product design under an Innovate UK funded Smart project, which aims at identifying the needs, challenges and future development opportunities associated with adopting crowdsourcing strategies for NPD. The research findings from this study are reported here and can be used to guide future development of crowdsourcing-based collaborative design methods and tools and provide some practical references for industry to adopt this new and emerging collaborative design method in their business.展开更多
With the concepts of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing gaining popularity,there is a growing notion that conventional manufacturing will witness a transition toward a new paradigm,targeting innovation,automation,be...With the concepts of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing gaining popularity,there is a growing notion that conventional manufacturing will witness a transition toward a new paradigm,targeting innovation,automation,better response to customer needs,and intelligent systems.Within this context,this review focuses on the concept of cyber–physical production system(CPPS)and presents a holistic perspective on the role of the CPPS in three key and essential drivers of this transformation:data-driven manufacturing,decentralized manufacturing,and integrated blockchains for data security.The paper aims to connect these three aspects of smart manufacturing and proposes that through the application of data-driven modeling,CPPS will aid in transforming manufacturing to become more intuitive and automated.In turn,automated manufacturing will pave the way for the decentralization of manufacturing.Layering blockchain technologies on top of CPPS will ensure the reliability and security of data sharing and integration across decentralized systems.Each of these claims is supported by relevant case studies recently published in the literature and from the industry;a brief on existing challenges and the way forward is also provided.展开更多
This paper aims to derive the optimal switching strategy for production system considering efficiency, delivery time and green evaluation. Nowadays more and more manufacturing and logistics systems not only pursue bet...This paper aims to derive the optimal switching strategy for production system considering efficiency, delivery time and green evaluation. Nowadays more and more manufacturing and logistics systems not only pursue better work efficiency, but also focus on green energy evaluation issues. Cost reduction and shortening of delivery time are always important management issues in pursuit of efficiency and optimization of the entire production system because of global production competition. In a market situation where customer needs change in various ways, in particular, due to inadequate quality, changes in the local environment, natural disasters and so on. Therefore, prompt planning of management measures such as switching work processes and changing production methods has become an important issue. On the other hand, since the Paris Agreement came into effect, the construction of an environment-friendly production system has been required as an approach to environmental problems such as global warming. In this paper, we propose an optimum switching model of production systems considering efficiency, delivery time and green evaluation using a green evaluation index (GEC: Green Energy Coefficient). We also discuss the optimal switching strategy by numerical observation.展开更多
The integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing process is capital intensive and complex. The production process of unit product (or die, as it is commonly referred to) takes several weeks. Semiconductor factories (fabs) co...The integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing process is capital intensive and complex. The production process of unit product (or die, as it is commonly referred to) takes several weeks. Semiconductor factories (fabs) continuously attempt to improve their productivity, as measured in output and cycle time (or mean flow time). The conflicting objective of producing maximum units at minimal production cycle time and at the highest quality, as measured by die yield, is discussed in this paper. The inter-related effects are characterized, and a model is proposed to address this multi-objective function. We then show that, with this model, die cost can be optimized for any given operating conditions of a fab. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the practicality of the model and the proposed optimization method.展开更多
Although new technologies have been deeply applied in manufacturing systems,manufacturing enterprises are still encountering difficulties in maintaining efficient and flexible production due to the random arrivals of ...Although new technologies have been deeply applied in manufacturing systems,manufacturing enterprises are still encountering difficulties in maintaining efficient and flexible production due to the random arrivals of diverse customer requirements.Fast order delivery and low inventory cost are fundamentally contradictory to each other.How to make a suitable production-triggering strategy is a critical issue for an enterprise to maintain a high level of competitiveness in a dynamic environment.In this paper,we focus on production-triggering strategies for manufacturing enterprises to satisfy randomly arriving orders and reduce inventory costs.Unified theoretical models and simulation models of different production strategies are proposed,including time-triggered strategies,event-triggered strategies,and hybrid-triggered strategies.In each model,both part-production-triggering strategies and product-assembly-triggering strategies are considered and implemented.The time-triggered models and hybrid-triggered models also consider the impact of the period on system performance.The results show that hybrid-triggered and time-triggered strategies yield faster order delivery and lower inventory costs than event-triggered strategies if the period is set appropriately.展开更多
The orderly transfer of the manufacturing industry is a major action in China’s industrial restructuring.From the perspective of industrial transfer,we used the concentration ratio to depict the trend of the industri...The orderly transfer of the manufacturing industry is a major action in China’s industrial restructuring.From the perspective of industrial transfer,we used the concentration ratio to depict the trend of the industrial transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing in the eastern,central,and western regions since the policy of large-scale development of western China was implemented.We measured the total factor productivity(TFP)of western China using the DEAMalmquist index method.We conducted a regression analysis to measure the effect of western China’s undertaking of the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry.The findings of this study show that during 2000–2019,eleven provinces(as well as autonomous regions and municipalities)in western China undertook the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry from the eastern and central regions to varying degrees,exhibiting significant phase features regarding the rate and scale of transfers.Further investigation also demonstrated that the transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing industries has a U-shaped enabling effect on TFP in western China with the scale effect greater than the technology effect.Therefore,it is necessary to transition from“extensive industrial transfer”at the cost of the labor force,land,and resources to“modern industrial transfer”featured by technology and efficiency improvements to contribute to industrial restructuring in western China effectively.展开更多
In developing counties, efficiency of economic development has been determined by the analysis of industrial production. An examination of the characteristic of industrial sector is an essential aspect of growth studi...In developing counties, efficiency of economic development has been determined by the analysis of industrial production. An examination of the characteristic of industrial sector is an essential aspect of growth studies. The growth of a country can be measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP is substantially affected by the industrial output. Industrial gross output is mainly a function of capital and labor input. If the effect of labor and capital input to output is at a satisfactory level in an industry or in a group of industries, then industrial investment will increase. As a result, the number of industries will increase, which will directly affect GDP and also will decrease the unemployment rate. This is why, industrial input-output relationship is so important for any industry as well as for the overall industrial sector of a country. To forecast the production of a firm is necessary to identify the appropriate model. MD. M. Hossain et al. [1] have shown that Cobb-Douglas production function with additive errors was more suitable for some selected manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. The main purpose of this paper is to detect the autocorrelation problem of Cobb-Douglas production model with additive errors. The result shows that autocorrelation is presented in some manufacturing industries. Finally, this paper removes the autocorrelation problem and re-estimates the parameters of the Cobb- Douglas production function with additive errors.展开更多
文摘We applied a spatial high-order finite-difference-time-domain (HO-FDTD) scheme to solve 2D Maxwell’s equations in order to develop a fluid model employed to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filamentation of two femtosecond lasers in air plasma. We examined the performance of the applied scheme, in this context, we implemented the developed model to study selected phenomena in terahertz radiation production, such as the excitation energy and conversion efficiency of the produced THz radiation, in addition to the influence of the pulse chirping on properties of the produced radiation. The obtained numerical results have clarified that the applied HO-FDTD scheme is precisely accurate to solve Maxwell’s equations and sufficiently valid to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filamentation of two femtosecond lasers in air plasma.
基金supported in part by the Project of Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents ProgramunderGrand No.2021921089the Science Research Foundation of EducationalDepartment of Liaoning Province under Grand No.LJKQZ2021057 and WJGD2020001the Key Program of Social Science Planning Foundation of Liaoning Province under Grant L21AGL017.
文摘Given the challenges of manufacturing resource sharing and competition in the modern manufacturing industry,the coordinated scheduling problem of parallel machine production and transportation is investigated.The problem takes into account the coordination of production and transportation before production as well as the disparities in machine spatial position and performance.A non-cooperative game model is established,considering the competition and self-interest behavior of jobs from different customers for machine resources.The job from different customers is mapped to the players in the game model,the corresponding optional processing machine and location are mapped to the strategy set,and the makespan of the job is mapped to the payoff.Then the solution of the scheduling model is transformed into the Nash equilibrium of the non-cooperative game model.A Nash equilibrium solution algorithm based on the genetic algorithm(NEGA)is designed,and the effective solution of approximate Nash equilibrium for the game model is realized.The fitness function,single-point crossover operator,and mutation operator are derived from the non-cooperative game model’s characteristics and the definition of Nash equilibrium.Rules are also designed to avoid the generation of invalid offspring chromosomes.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through numerical experiments of various sizes.Compared with other algorithms such as heuristic algorithms(FCFS,SPT,and LPT),the simulated annealing algorithm(SA),and the particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO),experimental results show that the proposed NE-GA algorithm has obvious performance advantages.
文摘This study applies a stochastic frontier production approach to decompose the sources of total productivity (TFP) growth into technical progress and changes in technical efficiency of 8057 firms in Vietnamese manufacturing industries during 2003-2007. Using both total manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industrial regressions, the analysis focuses on the trend of technological progress (TP) and technical efficiency change (TEC), and the role of productivity change in economic growth. According to the estimated results, the annual technical progress for the manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industries are calculated directly from the estimated parameters of the translog stochastic frontier production function by taking a partial derivative of output with respect to time t. The average technical changes in manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industries are positive, with an average technical change about 5.2%, 5.8%, 5.4%, 11.8%, 4.6%, 4.1%, 7.3%, 4.8%, 4.8% and 4.8% for total sample, food products & beverages, textile & wearing apparel, footwear, paper & products, industrial chemicals, rubber & plastic products, non- metallic mineral, basic & fabricated metal and other sub-industries, respectively. Total TFP in the manufacturing sector has grown at the annual rate of 0.052, although the rate of growth decreased continuously during the sample period. For the sub-industry estimates during the sample period, TFP grew fastest in the footwear sub-industry, with annual average growth rate of 11.8%, followed by the rubber & plastic products with a rate of 7.3%, and the food products & beverages with a rate of 5.8% per annum.
基金Innovative Methods of Science and Technology of China(No.SQ2015IM3600021)Tianjin Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science,China(No.TJGL16-019)
文摘Original equipment manufacturers(OEM) have never been so important and powerful as it is today in garment manufacturing industry.The OEMsupplier's production decisions always have a great impact on the market performance and the profits of a garment brand manufacturer.With constrained capacity and multiply buyers,howto make reasonable production decisions is an urgent problem for OEMsuppliers.A price discount model with a single OEMsupplier and two buyers is proposed to deal with the problem.Based on this model,the OEMsupplier could satisfy buyers' demands and guarantee their profits as well through adjusting price and delivery frequency.A numerical example validates the validity of the model.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia that principally affects older adults.Pathogenic factors,such as oxidative stress,an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity,mitochondrial dysfunction,genotoxicity,and neuroinflammation are present in this syndrome,which leads to neurodegeneration.Neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease are considered late-onset diseases caused by the complex combination of genetic,epigenetic,and environmental factors.There are two main types of Alzheimer’s disease,known as familial Alzheimer’s disease(onset<65 years)and late-onset or sporadic Alzheimer’s disease(onset≥65 years).Patients with familial Alzheimer’s disease inherit the disease due to rare mutations on the amyloid precursor protein(APP),presenilin 1 and 2(PSEN1 and PSEN2)genes in an autosomaldominantly fashion with closely 100%penetrance.In contrast,a different picture seems to emerge for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease,which exhibits numerous non-Mendelian anomalies suggesting an epigenetic component in its etiology.Importantly,the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms driving Alzheimer’s disease are interfaced with epigenetic dysregulation.However,the dynamic nature of epigenetics seems to open up new avenues and hope in regenerative neurogenesis to improve brain repair in Alzheimer’s disease or following injury or stroke in humans.In recent years,there has been an increase in interest in using natural products for the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease.Through epigenetic mechanisms,such as DNA methylation,non-coding RNAs,histone modification,and chromatin conformation regulation,natural compounds appear to exert neuroprotective effects.While we do not purport to cover every in this work,we do attempt to illustrate how various phytochemical compounds regulate the epigenetic effects of a few Alzheimer’s disease-related genes.
文摘Recently, businessmen as well as industrialists are very much concerned about the theory of firm in order to make correct decisions regarding what items, how much and how to produce them. All these decisions are directly related with the cost considerations and market situations where the firm is to be operated. In this regard, this paper should be helpful in suggesting the most suitable functional form of production process for the major manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. This paper considers Cobb-Douglas (C-D) production function with additive error and multiplicative error term. The main purpose of this paper is to select the appropriate Cobb-Douglas production model for measuring the production process of some selected manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. We use different model selection criteria to compare the Cobb-Douglas production function with additive error term to Cobb-Douglas production function with multiplicative error term. Finally, we estimate the parameters of the production function by using optimization subroutine.
基金Supported by Innovate UK Smart Project(Grant No.700484)
文摘Crowdsourcing is an innovative business practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content or even funds by soliciting contributions from a large group of people （the ＇Crowd＇）. The potential benefits of utilizing crowdsourcing in product design are well-documented, but little research exists on what are the barriers and opportunities in adopting crowdsourcing in new product development （NPD） of manufacturing SMEs. In order to answer the above questions, a Proof of Market study is carried out on crowdsourcing-based product design under an Innovate UK funded Smart project, which aims at identifying the needs, challenges and future development opportunities associated with adopting crowdsourcing strategies for NPD. The research findings from this study are reported here and can be used to guide future development of crowdsourcing-based collaborative design methods and tools and provide some practical references for industry to adopt this new and emerging collaborative design method in their business.
文摘With the concepts of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing gaining popularity,there is a growing notion that conventional manufacturing will witness a transition toward a new paradigm,targeting innovation,automation,better response to customer needs,and intelligent systems.Within this context,this review focuses on the concept of cyber–physical production system(CPPS)and presents a holistic perspective on the role of the CPPS in three key and essential drivers of this transformation:data-driven manufacturing,decentralized manufacturing,and integrated blockchains for data security.The paper aims to connect these three aspects of smart manufacturing and proposes that through the application of data-driven modeling,CPPS will aid in transforming manufacturing to become more intuitive and automated.In turn,automated manufacturing will pave the way for the decentralization of manufacturing.Layering blockchain technologies on top of CPPS will ensure the reliability and security of data sharing and integration across decentralized systems.Each of these claims is supported by relevant case studies recently published in the literature and from the industry;a brief on existing challenges and the way forward is also provided.
文摘This paper aims to derive the optimal switching strategy for production system considering efficiency, delivery time and green evaluation. Nowadays more and more manufacturing and logistics systems not only pursue better work efficiency, but also focus on green energy evaluation issues. Cost reduction and shortening of delivery time are always important management issues in pursuit of efficiency and optimization of the entire production system because of global production competition. In a market situation where customer needs change in various ways, in particular, due to inadequate quality, changes in the local environment, natural disasters and so on. Therefore, prompt planning of management measures such as switching work processes and changing production methods has become an important issue. On the other hand, since the Paris Agreement came into effect, the construction of an environment-friendly production system has been required as an approach to environmental problems such as global warming. In this paper, we propose an optimum switching model of production systems considering efficiency, delivery time and green evaluation using a green evaluation index (GEC: Green Energy Coefficient). We also discuss the optimal switching strategy by numerical observation.
文摘The integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing process is capital intensive and complex. The production process of unit product (or die, as it is commonly referred to) takes several weeks. Semiconductor factories (fabs) continuously attempt to improve their productivity, as measured in output and cycle time (or mean flow time). The conflicting objective of producing maximum units at minimal production cycle time and at the highest quality, as measured by die yield, is discussed in this paper. The inter-related effects are characterized, and a model is proposed to address this multi-objective function. We then show that, with this model, die cost can be optimized for any given operating conditions of a fab. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the practicality of the model and the proposed optimization method.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1701600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61873014).
文摘Although new technologies have been deeply applied in manufacturing systems,manufacturing enterprises are still encountering difficulties in maintaining efficient and flexible production due to the random arrivals of diverse customer requirements.Fast order delivery and low inventory cost are fundamentally contradictory to each other.How to make a suitable production-triggering strategy is a critical issue for an enterprise to maintain a high level of competitiveness in a dynamic environment.In this paper,we focus on production-triggering strategies for manufacturing enterprises to satisfy randomly arriving orders and reduce inventory costs.Unified theoretical models and simulation models of different production strategies are proposed,including time-triggered strategies,event-triggered strategies,and hybrid-triggered strategies.In each model,both part-production-triggering strategies and product-assembly-triggering strategies are considered and implemented.The time-triggered models and hybrid-triggered models also consider the impact of the period on system performance.The results show that hybrid-triggered and time-triggered strategies yield faster order delivery and lower inventory costs than event-triggered strategies if the period is set appropriately.
文摘The orderly transfer of the manufacturing industry is a major action in China’s industrial restructuring.From the perspective of industrial transfer,we used the concentration ratio to depict the trend of the industrial transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing in the eastern,central,and western regions since the policy of large-scale development of western China was implemented.We measured the total factor productivity(TFP)of western China using the DEAMalmquist index method.We conducted a regression analysis to measure the effect of western China’s undertaking of the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry.The findings of this study show that during 2000–2019,eleven provinces(as well as autonomous regions and municipalities)in western China undertook the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry from the eastern and central regions to varying degrees,exhibiting significant phase features regarding the rate and scale of transfers.Further investigation also demonstrated that the transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing industries has a U-shaped enabling effect on TFP in western China with the scale effect greater than the technology effect.Therefore,it is necessary to transition from“extensive industrial transfer”at the cost of the labor force,land,and resources to“modern industrial transfer”featured by technology and efficiency improvements to contribute to industrial restructuring in western China effectively.
文摘In developing counties, efficiency of economic development has been determined by the analysis of industrial production. An examination of the characteristic of industrial sector is an essential aspect of growth studies. The growth of a country can be measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP is substantially affected by the industrial output. Industrial gross output is mainly a function of capital and labor input. If the effect of labor and capital input to output is at a satisfactory level in an industry or in a group of industries, then industrial investment will increase. As a result, the number of industries will increase, which will directly affect GDP and also will decrease the unemployment rate. This is why, industrial input-output relationship is so important for any industry as well as for the overall industrial sector of a country. To forecast the production of a firm is necessary to identify the appropriate model. MD. M. Hossain et al. [1] have shown that Cobb-Douglas production function with additive errors was more suitable for some selected manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. The main purpose of this paper is to detect the autocorrelation problem of Cobb-Douglas production model with additive errors. The result shows that autocorrelation is presented in some manufacturing industries. Finally, this paper removes the autocorrelation problem and re-estimates the parameters of the Cobb- Douglas production function with additive errors.
