Aerobic static pile composting (mechanical turning every 3 days) of pig manure was prepared at & m3 windrow heaps. Sawdust was used as the bulking agent to provide additional carbon and to increase the porosity of...Aerobic static pile composting (mechanical turning every 3 days) of pig manure was prepared at & m3 windrow heaps. Sawdust was used as the bulking agent to provide additional carbon and to increase the porosity of the substrate. Two treatments at initial C/N ratios of 30 and 15, respectively, were designed in the study. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soluble NH+4-N, C/N ratios in solid and aqueous phases, E4/E6 ratios, and seed germination index (GI) were determined to evaluate the maturity of the co-composts. Seed germination index, a biological parameter, was suggested as one of the most reliable maturity indicators for organic compost. The results showed that the treatment at the initial C/N ratio of 30 reached maturity after 49 days of composting; however, the treatment at the initial C/N ratio of 15 should require composting time of longer than 63 days to obtain maturation. Chemical multi-indicator evaluation was necessary, and the GI measurement was the recommended approach for maturity evaluation in the study.展开更多
The effects of substrate mingling ratio(SMR)(1:1,1:2,1:3,3:1,and 2:1)and organic loading rate(OLR)(50-90 g total solids per liter per day)on anaerobic co-digestion performance and microbial characteristics were invest...The effects of substrate mingling ratio(SMR)(1:1,1:2,1:3,3:1,and 2:1)and organic loading rate(OLR)(50-90 g total solids per liter per day)on anaerobic co-digestion performance and microbial characteristics were investigated for pig manure(PM)and pretreated/untreated corn stover in batch and semicontinuous anaerobic digestion(AD)system.The results showed that SMR and pretreatment affected co-digestion performance.The maximum cumulative methane yield of 428.5 ml·g^(-1)(based on volatile solids(VS))was obtained for PCP13,which was 35.7%and 40.0%higher than that of CSU and PM.In the first 5 days,the maximum methane yield improvement rate was 378.1%for PCP13.The daily methane yield per gram VS of PCP13 was 11.4%-18.5%higher than that of PC_(U)13.Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1,DMER64,and Bacteroides and Methanosaeta,Methanobacterium,and Methanospirillum had higher relative abundance at the genus level.Therefore,SMR and OLR are important factor affecting the AD process,and OLR can affect methane production through volatile fatty acids.展开更多
Biohydrogen production from synthetic waste, SW （model organic fraction of municipal solid waste） co-digested with liquid dairy manure （M） was tested in batch reactions to assess the effect of temperature and mixi...Biohydrogen production from synthetic waste, SW （model organic fraction of municipal solid waste） co-digested with liquid dairy manure （M） was tested in batch reactions to assess the effect of temperature and mixing ratio of the substrates. A 5 × 2 factorial design experiment was conducted. Synthetic waste： manure mixtures of 1：1, 2：1, 3：1, 1：0, 0：1 （volatile solids, VS, basis） were tested at 37 （T37） and 55 ℃ （T55） using thirty 1 L laboratory scale digesters. Total VS of each mixture was 50 g/L except SW：M 0：I treatment, where total VS was 27.4 g/L. Gas samples were taken daily to determine hydrogen production, and slurry samples taken before and after experimentation, were analyzed for volatile fatty acid （VFA） concentration, volatile solid （VS） degradation, ammonium nitrogen （NH4＋-N） and pH. Hydrogen production （mL/g-VS fed） showed a significant two-factor interaction between incubation temperature and SW：M ratio （P 〈 0.001）. Maximum production of 15.8 mL/g-VS （fed） was achieved in SW：M ratio of 3：1 at 55 ℃. Generally, hydrogen productions at thermophilic temperature （T55） were significantly higher than at mesophilic （T37） temperature for all treatments （P 〈 0.001） except for SW：M 1：0 and SW：M 0：1 treatments （P 〉 0.05）. This study indicates that hydrogen production from co-digestion of synthetic waste and manure is dependent on incubation temperature and relative contribution of wastes in the mixture.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elemental sulphur （S） and farmyard manure on soil pH, EC and N, S, P concentrations of tomato grown in a calcareous sandy loam soil. For this purpose, a pot...The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elemental sulphur （S） and farmyard manure on soil pH, EC and N, S, P concentrations of tomato grown in a calcareous sandy loam soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Sulphur was applied at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400 mg kg~ and farmyard manure at 0, 3 ton da^-1 to the soil. Three weeks after applications, tomato seedlings were planted and 8 weeks later, the plants were harvested to determine N, S, P concentrations and dry matter yield. Soil pH and EC were determined in the soil samples taken at 3 different periods. Effects of sulphur and farmyard manure applications were not significant on N, P concentrations and dry matter yield of tomato plant. S concentration of tomato plant was increased by sulphur alone. Soil pH was decreased and soil EC was increased in both 2^nd and 3^rd soil sampling period by the sulphur applications. As a result of farmyard manure application, soil pH decreased in the 2^nd soil sampling period but increased in the 3^rd soil sampling period. Also, soil EC was significantly increased in 1^st and 3^rd soil sampling period. Farmyard manure had no significant effect on S supply to tomato plant. The N：S ratio of tomato plant was decreased by sulphur alone. However, the sulphur with farmyard manure applications decreased N：S ratio in lesser extend compared to the S applications.展开更多
The present study investigated the effects of cow manure ratios mixed with maize stover,rice straw,and wheat stalk at 3,2,1(total solid based,TS-based),respectively,on methane production and microbial community struct...The present study investigated the effects of cow manure ratios mixed with maize stover,rice straw,and wheat stalk at 3,2,1(total solid based,TS-based),respectively,on methane production and microbial community structure during the anaerobic co-digestion process.Results showed cow manure co-digested with maize stover,wheat stalk,and rice straw at ratios of 2,1,and 3 had the highest cumulative methane yields(272.99,153.22167.73 mL/g volatile solid(VS),respectively)and better stability(e.g.pH,volatile fatty acids(VFAs)and their component).The main microbe evolution had a similar trend which was Petrimonas and Methanosaeta in the early digestion process(Days 0-7)and then evolved into Longilinea,Ruminofilibacter,and Methanosarcina with the progress of digestion,but the relative abundance of these microbes in each reactor was different.It was worth noting that Caldicoprobacter in cow manure to maize stover ratio of 2,and to rice straw ratio of three reactors had a relatively higher proportion than reactor of cow manure to wheat stalk ratio of 1,and Hydrogenophaga was the specific bacterium in cow manure to wheat stalk ratio of 1 reactor.In addition,Petrimonas showed positive relationship with VFAs and Longilinea was the opposite.Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium contributed the most during the peak period of methane production in cow manure and maize stover co-digested reactor,and showed positive relationship with acetic acid.However,Methanosarcina and Methanospirillum made a great contribution during the peak period of methane production in cow manure co-digested with wheat stalk and rice straw reactors.These findings could provide further information on the application of cow manure co-digested with crop wastes.展开更多
文章研究了不同TS混合比(TMR)的牛粪与玉米秸秆在37℃中温条件下混合厌氧消化产沼气性能,动态考察了发酵过程中p H值、日产气量、累计产气量、累计甲烷产量以及TS/VS产气量等指标。结果表明,当牛粪与玉米秸秆TMR值为7∶3时,累积产气量,T...文章研究了不同TS混合比(TMR)的牛粪与玉米秸秆在37℃中温条件下混合厌氧消化产沼气性能,动态考察了发酵过程中p H值、日产气量、累计产气量、累计甲烷产量以及TS/VS产气量等指标。结果表明,当牛粪与玉米秸秆TMR值为7∶3时,累积产气量,TS/VS产气量和TS/VS产甲烷量均高于其它4种比例,产气量和产气品质均为最佳,TS产气量和VS产气量分别为359.61±6.97 m L·g-1和399.15±0.94 m L·g-1。。展开更多
基金the Rockefeller Brother Fund Ltd. and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment integrated Control.
文摘Aerobic static pile composting (mechanical turning every 3 days) of pig manure was prepared at & m3 windrow heaps. Sawdust was used as the bulking agent to provide additional carbon and to increase the porosity of the substrate. Two treatments at initial C/N ratios of 30 and 15, respectively, were designed in the study. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soluble NH+4-N, C/N ratios in solid and aqueous phases, E4/E6 ratios, and seed germination index (GI) were determined to evaluate the maturity of the co-composts. Seed germination index, a biological parameter, was suggested as one of the most reliable maturity indicators for organic compost. The results showed that the treatment at the initial C/N ratio of 30 reached maturity after 49 days of composting; however, the treatment at the initial C/N ratio of 15 should require composting time of longer than 63 days to obtain maturation. Chemical multi-indicator evaluation was necessary, and the GI measurement was the recommended approach for maturity evaluation in the study.
基金the fund supports from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JD2326).
文摘The effects of substrate mingling ratio(SMR)(1:1,1:2,1:3,3:1,and 2:1)and organic loading rate(OLR)(50-90 g total solids per liter per day)on anaerobic co-digestion performance and microbial characteristics were investigated for pig manure(PM)and pretreated/untreated corn stover in batch and semicontinuous anaerobic digestion(AD)system.The results showed that SMR and pretreatment affected co-digestion performance.The maximum cumulative methane yield of 428.5 ml·g^(-1)(based on volatile solids(VS))was obtained for PCP13,which was 35.7%and 40.0%higher than that of CSU and PM.In the first 5 days,the maximum methane yield improvement rate was 378.1%for PCP13.The daily methane yield per gram VS of PCP13 was 11.4%-18.5%higher than that of PC_(U)13.Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1,DMER64,and Bacteroides and Methanosaeta,Methanobacterium,and Methanospirillum had higher relative abundance at the genus level.Therefore,SMR and OLR are important factor affecting the AD process,and OLR can affect methane production through volatile fatty acids.
文摘Biohydrogen production from synthetic waste, SW （model organic fraction of municipal solid waste） co-digested with liquid dairy manure （M） was tested in batch reactions to assess the effect of temperature and mixing ratio of the substrates. A 5 × 2 factorial design experiment was conducted. Synthetic waste： manure mixtures of 1：1, 2：1, 3：1, 1：0, 0：1 （volatile solids, VS, basis） were tested at 37 （T37） and 55 ℃ （T55） using thirty 1 L laboratory scale digesters. Total VS of each mixture was 50 g/L except SW：M 0：I treatment, where total VS was 27.4 g/L. Gas samples were taken daily to determine hydrogen production, and slurry samples taken before and after experimentation, were analyzed for volatile fatty acid （VFA） concentration, volatile solid （VS） degradation, ammonium nitrogen （NH4＋-N） and pH. Hydrogen production （mL/g-VS fed） showed a significant two-factor interaction between incubation temperature and SW：M ratio （P 〈 0.001）. Maximum production of 15.8 mL/g-VS （fed） was achieved in SW：M ratio of 3：1 at 55 ℃. Generally, hydrogen productions at thermophilic temperature （T55） were significantly higher than at mesophilic （T37） temperature for all treatments （P 〈 0.001） except for SW：M 1：0 and SW：M 0：1 treatments （P 〉 0.05）. This study indicates that hydrogen production from co-digestion of synthetic waste and manure is dependent on incubation temperature and relative contribution of wastes in the mixture.
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elemental sulphur （S） and farmyard manure on soil pH, EC and N, S, P concentrations of tomato grown in a calcareous sandy loam soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Sulphur was applied at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400 mg kg~ and farmyard manure at 0, 3 ton da^-1 to the soil. Three weeks after applications, tomato seedlings were planted and 8 weeks later, the plants were harvested to determine N, S, P concentrations and dry matter yield. Soil pH and EC were determined in the soil samples taken at 3 different periods. Effects of sulphur and farmyard manure applications were not significant on N, P concentrations and dry matter yield of tomato plant. S concentration of tomato plant was increased by sulphur alone. Soil pH was decreased and soil EC was increased in both 2^nd and 3^rd soil sampling period by the sulphur applications. As a result of farmyard manure application, soil pH decreased in the 2^nd soil sampling period but increased in the 3^rd soil sampling period. Also, soil EC was significantly increased in 1^st and 3^rd soil sampling period. Farmyard manure had no significant effect on S supply to tomato plant. The N：S ratio of tomato plant was decreased by sulphur alone. However, the sulphur with farmyard manure applications decreased N：S ratio in lesser extend compared to the S applications.
基金financially supported by the Youth Natural Science Foundation of Hebei province(Grant No.E2020204023)the Talents Introduction Plan(Grant No.YJ201831)of the Hebei Agricultural University+1 种基金the Key R&D projects of Hebei Province(Grant No.19223811D)the Forestry discipline project of Hebei Agricultural University(Grant No.XK1008601579).
文摘The present study investigated the effects of cow manure ratios mixed with maize stover,rice straw,and wheat stalk at 3,2,1(total solid based,TS-based),respectively,on methane production and microbial community structure during the anaerobic co-digestion process.Results showed cow manure co-digested with maize stover,wheat stalk,and rice straw at ratios of 2,1,and 3 had the highest cumulative methane yields(272.99,153.22167.73 mL/g volatile solid(VS),respectively)and better stability(e.g.pH,volatile fatty acids(VFAs)and their component).The main microbe evolution had a similar trend which was Petrimonas and Methanosaeta in the early digestion process(Days 0-7)and then evolved into Longilinea,Ruminofilibacter,and Methanosarcina with the progress of digestion,but the relative abundance of these microbes in each reactor was different.It was worth noting that Caldicoprobacter in cow manure to maize stover ratio of 2,and to rice straw ratio of three reactors had a relatively higher proportion than reactor of cow manure to wheat stalk ratio of 1,and Hydrogenophaga was the specific bacterium in cow manure to wheat stalk ratio of 1 reactor.In addition,Petrimonas showed positive relationship with VFAs and Longilinea was the opposite.Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium contributed the most during the peak period of methane production in cow manure and maize stover co-digested reactor,and showed positive relationship with acetic acid.However,Methanosarcina and Methanospirillum made a great contribution during the peak period of methane production in cow manure co-digested with wheat stalk and rice straw reactors.These findings could provide further information on the application of cow manure co-digested with crop wastes.
文摘文章研究了不同TS混合比(TMR)的牛粪与玉米秸秆在37℃中温条件下混合厌氧消化产沼气性能,动态考察了发酵过程中p H值、日产气量、累计产气量、累计甲烷产量以及TS/VS产气量等指标。结果表明,当牛粪与玉米秸秆TMR值为7∶3时,累积产气量,TS/VS产气量和TS/VS产甲烷量均高于其它4种比例,产气量和产气品质均为最佳,TS产气量和VS产气量分别为359.61±6.97 m L·g-1和399.15±0.94 m L·g-1。。
