MAP添加液对冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞保存的质量影响

目的观察冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞悬浮于MAP添加液中对保存效果的影响,探索最佳保存方式。方法本研究将采集后d 3的400 mL全血,离心制备成浓缩红细胞,使用ACP 215全自动血细胞仪,加入40%复方甘油溶液,置于-65℃超低温冰箱中保存30 d,解冻去甘油洗涤后,等量分离成两袋,以添加0.9%氯化钠溶液为对照组;添加MAP为实验组,两组保存于2~6℃冷藏条件下,分别于0、1、3、5、7、14 d取样检测血液学参数指标、溶血指标、细胞代谢指标,观察两组在14 d保存期内的质量变化情况。结果研究发现两组红细胞在解冻去甘油后6项质控项目包括容量、血红蛋白含量、游离血红蛋白含量、白细胞残留量、甘油残留量、无菌试验的检测值均符合《全血及成分血质量要求》(GB18469-2012);压积、红细胞计数、Hb洗涤后回收率、MCV符合《冰冻红细胞质量评价指标专家共识》检测限值,血小板残留量超过检测限值(≤1%);在14 d保存期内,两组的RBC、Hct、MCV和血红蛋白含量值无统计学意义;两组游离血红蛋白、溶血率和K+值随保存时间延长而增加,分别于3、5、7、14 d;3、5、7、14 d;14 d组间有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组红细胞渗透脆性于14 d组间有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组ATP、pH值随保存时间延长而下降,分别于3、5、7 d;1、3、5、7、14 d组间有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论悬浮于MAP添加液中的冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞可将血液保存期延长至7 d,本研究为相关标准的制定提供参考依据。

Map-based control method for vehicle stability enhancement

This work proposes a map-based control method to improve a vehicle's lateral stability, and the performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the conventional model-referenced control method. Model-referenced control uses the sliding mode method to determine the compensated yaw moment; in contrast, the proposed map-based control uses the compensated yaw moment map acquired by vehicle stability analysis. The vehicle stability region is calculated by a topological method based on the trajectory reversal method. A 2-DOF vehicle model and Pacejka's tire model are used to evaluate the proposed map-based control method. The properties of model-referenced control and map-based control are compared under various road conditions and driving inputs. Model-referenced control uses a control input to satisfy the linear reference model, and it generates unnecessary tire lateral forces that may lead to worse performance than an uncontrolled vehicle with step steering input on a road with a low friction coefficient. However, map-based control determines a compensated yaw moment to maintain the vehicle within the stability region,so the typical responses of vehicle enable to converge rapidly. The simulation results with sine and step steering show that map-based control provides better the tracking responsibility and control performance than model-referenced control.

Feedback control scheme of traffic jams based on the coupled map car-following model

Based on the pioneering work of Konishi et al. [Phys. Rev. E （1999） 60 4000], a new feedback control scheme is presented to suppress traffic jams based on the coupled map car-following model under the open boundary condition. The effect of the safe headway on the traffic system is considered. According to the control theory, the condition under which traffic jams can be suppressed is analyzed. The results are compared with the previous results concerning congestion control. The simulations show that the suppression performance of our scheme on traffic jams is better than those of the previous schemes, although all the schemes can suppress traffic jams. The simulation results are consistent with theoretical analyses.

A control method for congested traffic in the coupled map car-following model

Based on the pioneer work of Konishi et al, a new control method is presented to suppress the traffic congestion in the coupled map （CM） car-following model under an open boundary. A control signal concluding the velocity differences of the two vehicles in front is put forward. The condition under which the traffic jam can be contained is analyzed. The results axe compared with that presented by Konishi et al [Phys. Rev. 1999 E 60 4000-4007]. The simulation results show that the temporal behavior obtained by our method is better than that by the Konishi＇s et al. method, although both the methods could suppress the traffic jam. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.

Generalized synchronization between different chaotic maps via dead-beat control

This paper presents a new scheme to achieve generalized synchronization（GS） between different discrete-time chaotic（hyperchaotic） systems.The approach is based on a theorem,which assures that GS is achieved when a structural condition on the considered class of response systems is satisfied.The method presents some useful features：it enables exact GS to be achieved in finite time（i.e.,dead-beat synchronization）;it is rigorous,systematic,and straightforward in checking GS;it can be applied to a wide class of chaotic maps.Some examples of GS,including the Grassi-Miller map and a recently introduced minimal 2-D quadratic map,are illustrated.

Effects of Scale-Free Topological Properties on Dynamical Synchronization and Control in Coupled Map Lattices

在纸，我们学习效果没有规模(SF ) 在联合地图格子(电流型逻辑) 的动态同步和控制上的拓扑学。我们的策略是使用三个反馈控制方法，包括经常的反馈和推迟时间的反馈的二种类型，到到达需要的同步状态的网络节点的小部分。二控制分叉图诗句反馈力量分别地被获得。当￡线性地被增加，为第一推迟时间的反馈控制的批评反馈力量γ _ c 的值线性地被增加，这被发现。有 SF 的电流型逻辑失去同步，如果γ 】 γ _ c.Numerical 例子被举表明所有结果， intermittency 发生。

Neural Network Nonlinear Predictive Control Based on Tent-map Chaos Optimization

With the unique ergodicity,irregularity,and special ability to avoid being trapped in local optima,chaos optimization has been a novel global optimization technique and has attracted considerable attention for application in various fields,such as nonlinear programming problems.In this article,a novel neural network nonlinear predic- tive control(NNPC)strategy based on the new Tent-map chaos optimization algorithm(TCOA)is presented.The feedforward neural network is used as the multi-step predictive model.In addition,the TCOA is applied to perform the nonlinear rolling optimization to enhance the convergence and accuracy in the NNPC.Simulation on a labora- tory-scale liquid-level system is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Fixed-Point Existence and Approximation Theorem for Controllable Mapping with Mann Iterative Procedure

The concept of controllable mapping,which is a kind of Lipschitzian mapping,is induced.In certain case,any controllable mapping,on a closed convex subset of Banach space,has at least onefixed point,and its Mann iterative sequence converges strongly to the fixed point.Moreover,theestimation between the iterative sequence and the fixed point is,in sulface,as the same as in Banachcontractive mapping.

Mapping epistasis and environment × QTX interaction based on four-omics genotypes for the detected QTX loci controlling complex traits in tobacco

Using newly developed methods and software, association mapping was conducted for chromium content and total sugar in tobacco leaf, based on four-omics datasets. Our objective was to collect data on genotype and phenotype for 60 leaf samples at four developmental stages, from three plant architectural positions and for three cultivars that were grown in two locations. Association mapping was conducted to detect genetic variants at quantitative trait SNP(QTS) loci, quantitative trait transcript(QTT) differences,quantitative trait protein(QTP) variability, and quantitative trait metabolite(QTM) changes,which can be summarized as QTX locus variation. The total heritabilities of the four-omics loci for both traits tested were 23.60% for epistasis and 15.26% for treatment interaction.Epistasis and environment × treatment interaction had important impacts on complex traits at all-omics levels. For decreasing chromium content and increasing total sugar in tobacco leaf, six methylated loci can be directly used for marker-assisted selection, and expression of ten QTTs, seven QTPs and six QTMs can be modified by selection or cultivation.

Controlling and synchronizing spatiotemporal chaos of the coupled Bragg acousto-optical bistable map system using nonlinear feedback

In this paper we present the control and synchronization of a coupled Bragg acousto-optic bistable map system using nonlinear feedback technology. This nonlinear feedback technology is useful to control a temporally chaotic system as well as a spatiotemporally chaotic system. It can be extended to synchronize the spatiotemporal chaos. It can work in a wide range of the controlled and synchronized signals, so it can decrease the sensitivity down to a noise level. The synchronization can be obtained by the analysis of the largest conditional Lyapunov exponent spectrum, and easily implemented in practical systems just by adjusting the coupled strength without any pre-knowledge of the dynamic system required.

A control method applied to mixed traffic flow for the coupled-map car-following model

In light of previous work [Phys. Rev. E 60 4000 （1999）], a modified coupled-map car-following model is proposed by considering the headways of two successive vehicles in front of a considered vehicle described by the optimal velocity function. The non-jam conditions are given on the basis of control theory. Through simulation, we find that our model can exhibit a better effect as p = 0.65, which is a parameter in the optimal velocity function. The control scheme, which was proposed by Zhao and Gao, is introduced into the modified model and the feedback gain range is determined. In addition, a modified control method is applied to a mixed traffic system that consists of two types of vehicle. The range of gains is also obtained by theoretical analysis. Comparisons between our method and that of Zhao and Gao are carried out, and the corresponding numerical simulation results demonstrate that the temporal behavior of traffic flow obtained using our method is better than that proposed by Zhao and Gao in mixed traffic systems.

Control Chaos of a Unidirectionally Traffic Coupled Map Lattice Model

Spatiotemporal chaos is studied by using the unidirectional traffic coupled lattice model with hyperbolic tangent local map. The coupled map lattice (CML) model can simulate the complex traffic flow phenomenon which is similar to the traditional traffic flow model. The nonlinear feedback method is used to study the control of the chaotic system of the unidirectionally traffic coupled map lattice model. The stability of spatiotemporal chaos in the coupled map lattice is realized. The results of numerical simulation show that there is a relationship between control results and control parameters when controlling spatiotemporal chaos to a uniform stable state in a certain phase space compression parameter region.

Modified coupled map car-following model and its delayed feedback control scheme

A modified coupled map car-following model is proposed, in which two successive vehicle headways in front of the considering vehicle is incorporated into the optimal velocity function. The steady state under certain conditions is obtained. An error system around the steady state is studied further. Moreover, the condition for the state having no traffic jam is derived. A new control scheme is presented to suppress the traffic jam in the modified coupled map car-following model under the open boundary. A control signal including the velocity differences between the following and the considering vehicles, and between the preceding and the considering vehicles is used. The condition under which the traffic jam can be well suppressed is analysed. The results are compared with that presented by t^onishi et al. （the KKH model）. The simulation results show that the temporal behaviour obtained in our model is better than that in the KKH model. The simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.

Aircraft Landing Gear Control with Multi-Objective Optimization Using Generalized Cell Mapping

This paper presents a numerical algorithm tuning aircraft landing gear control system with three objectives,including reducing relative vibration, reducing hydraulic strut force and controlling energy consumption. Sliding mode control is applied to the vibration control of a simplified landing gear model with uncertainty. A two-stage generalized cell mapping algorithm is applied to search the Pareto set with gradient-free scheme. Drop test simulations over uneven runway show that the vibration and force interaction can be considerably reduced, and the Pareto optimum form a tight range in time domain.

改进粒子群优化滚珠丝杠进给系统BP神经网络PID控制策略研究

针对传统的BP神经网络PID(BP-PID)控制因其初始权值随机,导致系统的收敛速度较慢、控制前期会有较大误差和BP神经网络初始权值优化等问题,建立了滚珠丝杠进给系统伺服三环模型,设计了BP-PID控制器,提出了一种二阶振荡混沌映射粒子群算法(SCMPSO)优化滚珠丝杠进给系统BP-PID控制器。首先,混沌映射初始化粒子位置,使粒子均匀分布于空间,增加粒子解的多样性;随后,提出一种非线性余弦自适应惯性权重,以平衡算法的全局搜索能力和局部搜索能力;其次,在算法中引入二阶振荡环节,在面对突变多峰干扰时,能及时跳出局部最优解。研究结果表明:当加入外界干扰时,控制策略SCMPSO-BP-PID在正向进给时段的位移平均误差为0.013 mm,相比SAWPSO-BP-PID、LDWPSO-BP-PID、PSO-BP-PID这3种控制策略分别提升约45.8%、55.2%、61.7%;当加入阶跃响应时,SCMPSO-BP-PID的最大超调量仅为0.029,系统调节时间和峰值时间相比3种控制策略均有较大提升,具有较高的控制精度和稳定性。

中国机器人伺服控制技术竞争力及提升路径

中国机器人核心技术竞争力与国际领先国家相比仍有很大的差距,迫切需要提升以伺服控制技术、减速机技术等为代表的机器人核心技术竞争力。文章采用专利信息数据从专利数量、专利质量、专利价值三个维度对中国机器人伺服控制领域的技术竞争力进行分析,并将其与美国、德国、韩国等领先国家进行比较,剖析中国机器人伺服控制技术发展过程中的优势与不足,最后从技术联合研发、聚焦关键技术、研发方向等方面提出了技术竞争力提升的路径。

基于改进PSO算法的MAP图标定点选择新方法

为提高基于MAP图的控制系统驱动效果,并有效减小控制系统内的存储量,提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法的MAP图中标定点择优选取新方法。以液压机械无级变速传动比控制系统中采用的MAP图为例,将其横坐标的两个变量在其定义域内等分,并采用改进粒子群算法选取等分后每段内的坐标点数量和位置。选取过程采用多目标优化原理结合了随机产生100个点的实际值与MAP图线性插值的平均误差以及选定的标定点数量。为提高算法执行效率,对粒子群算法的迭代准则、惯性权重和学习因子进行改进。结果表明,改进后的粒子群算法收敛速度快,寻优精度高,仅需较少的标定数据即可制作控制效果较佳的MAP图。

基于LaGrange-SUMT方法的全电控柴油引燃天然气发动机MAP优化标定技术

利用非线性规划理论,采用LaGrange SUMT方法建立了电控发动机全工况范围内多变量、多目标的优化模型,并在全电控柴油引燃天然气发动机上进行了应用。试验结果证明,该方法可以减少优化参数的试验量,在较少的试验量基础上获得最优控制MAP。发动机的NOx、碳烟排放明显优于欧洲II排放标准,经济性与原柴油机相当。

基于MAP的汽车电控制动系统变工况控制研究

为提高汽车电控制动系统(ECBS)在变工况条件下的实时控制精度,提出了基于MAP图的ECBS控制参数自寻优方法。首先建立基于部件特性的液压制动系统模型和ECBS控制器,在不同的车速下进行制动阶跃试验,应用模拟退火粒子群算法(SAPSO)自寻各工况下最优的PID控制参数,形成MAP图,车辆可根据实际车速和制动踏板力在线查MAP图获得控制参数。仿真和实车试验结果表明,基于MAP图的ECBS系统可有效缩短制动距离并改善制动时的方向稳定性。