Numerical Simulation of the Marangoni Effect with Interphase Mass Transfer Between Two Planar Liquid Layers

The Marangoni effect induced by mass transfer at the interface between two immiscible liquids displays important influence on laboratory and industrial operation of solvent extraction. A systematic numerical study of the two-dimensional Marangoni effect in a two liquid layer system was conducted. The linear relationship of the inter- facial tension versus the solute concentration was incorporated into a mathematical model accounting for liquid flow and mass transfer in both phases. The typical cases analyzed by Sternling ＆ Scriven （AIChE J., 1959） using the linear instability theory were simulated bv the finite difference method and good agreement between the theory and the numerical simulation was observed. The simulation suggests that the Marangoni convection needs certain time to develop sufficiently in strength and scale to enhance the interphase mass transfer, the Marangoni effect is dynamic and transient, and remains at some stabilized level as long as the mass transfer driving force is kept con- stant. When certain level of shear is imposed at the interface as in most cases of practical significance, the Maran- goni effect is suppressed slightly but progressively as the shear is increased gradually. The present two-dimensional simulation of the Marangoni effect provides some insight into the underlying mechanism and also the basis for further theoretical study of the three-dimensional Marangoni effect in the real world and in chemical engineering applications.

Influences of Marangoni effect on solidification of curved interfaces with constant curvature

The asymptotic method and phase field simulation are applied to study the influences of variation of the surface tension with temperature on the movements of solid-liquid interfaces in the solidification process of spherical and cylindrical nuclei, respectively. Results indicate that Marangoni effect will increase the critical nucleation radius, slow up the movement of interface. The tip speed of dendrite decreases linearly with Marangoni number for melt without convection. The results of phase field simulation are qualitatively in accord with that of asymptotic method.

Water-Excluding Underwater Glue Induced by Marangoni Effect

Marangoni effect at the two-phase interface with different surface tension as a unique mass transfer phenomenon has been widely used in daily life and industrialmanufacture.However,their marvelous liquid-driving capability between miscible liquids has long been ignored,especially in water environments.Here,we first reveal a distinct underwater Marangoni effect between the solvent of glues and the water layer on solid surfaces.Driven by the Marangoni effect,organic solvents with water solubility,high dielectric constant,and low diffusivity could effectively exclude the interfacial water layer,enabling direct and effective contact between glues and solid surfaces.Our experimental results and theoretical simulation proved that a relatively large ratio of the Marangoni number in the horizontal direction and to the vertical direction ensured an effective underwater adhesion of the water-excluding glue.This surface engineering approach provides an alternative to the traditional methods of molecular engineering for realizing underwater adhesion.

Numerical simulation of Marangoni effect induced by species transfer across iron droplet–molten slag interface

A mathematical model accounting for unsteady mass transfer across interface of a stationary iron droplet immersed into molten slag was established through the volume of fluid coupled with level set method.The Marangoni effect induced by mass transfer was reproduced successfully,and the hydrodynamic instability phenomena at the interface,such as the Marangoni convection flow,the evolution of the interfacial tension during the mass transfer,and the influence of Marangoni effect on the mass transfer rate,were revealed.The results show that the Marangoni convection flow develops quickly and behaves as an ordered structure in the forms of four pairs of the convection cell at the edge of the droplet once the oxygen transfer across the interface starts.The average convection flow velocity along the interface is high,even more than 0.025 m/s,depending on the droplet diameter,which facilitates the mass transfer.The Marangoni convection flow of the large droplet develops more easily than that of the small droplet,and the larger the droplet diameter is,the higher the convection flow velocity and the mass transfer rate are.Moreover,it is shown that the droplet diameter influences the impacting region of the Marangoni convection flow and its duration period.

Marangoni流动对液滴撞击过热液池影响的数值模拟

对液滴撞击过热液池的动态过程进行数值模拟,着重关注由液池表面不均匀温度引起的马兰戈尼效应(Marangoni effect)对液池内的流场和温度场演化过程的影响。当乙醇液滴落入过热油池后,液池表面温度随着液滴的靠近而迅速下降,从而在径向上产生很大的温度梯度。由此引发的沿径向向内的Marangoni力会与沿径向向外的蒸汽剪切应力相抗衡,进而在蒸汽层最薄的位置形成一个“热射流”结构。随着时间的推进,占据主导地位的Marangoni力逐渐将“热射流”向内推动,直至在液滴下方形成下沉羽流。此外,随着液池黏度的增加,液池内由表面蒸汽应力引起的流动将被抑制,进而导致界面附近的换热效率大幅下降。

Interface Shape and Marangoni Effect Around aBubble Within the Thermal Boundary Layer

The characteristics of a vapor bubble within the thermal boundary layer were theoretically analyzed.The physical models accounting for the variation of ioterfacial tension and nuid density with tempera-ture were proposed to investigate bubble interfaCe aspects and the fluid flow around the bubble. The analyses demonstrated that the variation in interfacial tension results in variations in the liquid-vapor interface shape and bubble dynamics, which may play a significant role in the departure process of a vapor bubble from a heated wall surface. Increasing temperature gradients in the boundary layer and the gravitational field induce a contact line contraction and correspondingly promotes bubble depar-ture. The simulation of liquid now around the bubble shows that natural convection dominates the flow for earth conditions; however, the thermocapillary forces provide the principal catalyst for bubble departure in a microgravity environment. The results indicate that both the vapor bubble contraction and the Marangoni flow may increase the heat transfer around the vapor bubble and may cause the bubble to mov away from the heating surface, further increasing heat transfer.

Phase Field Model of Thermo-Induced Marangoni Effects in the Mixtures and its Numerical Simulations with Mixed Finite Element Method

In this paper,we study the Marangoni effects in the mixture of two Newtonian fluids due to the thermo-induced surface tension heterogeneity on the interface.We employ an energetic variational phase field model to describe its physical phenomena,and obtain the corresponding governing equations defined by a modi-fied Navier-Stokes equations coupled with phase field and energy transport.A mixed Taylor-Hood finite element discretization together with full Newton’s method are applied to this strongly nonlinear phase field model on a specific domain.Under different boundary conditions of temperature,the resulting numerical solutions illustrate that the thermal energy plays a fundamental role in the interfacial dynamics of two-phase flows.In particular,it gives rise to a dynamic interfacial tension that depends on the direction of temperature gradient,determining the movement of the interface along a sine/cosine-like curve.

Marangoni效应下多晶硅真空定向凝固杂质富集和铸锭质量的模拟与实验

对于多晶硅垂直布里奇曼真空定向凝固过程,由熔体自由表面张力梯度引起的Marangoni对流对杂质富集和铸锭质量有着明显的影响。基于多晶硅真空定向凝固过程多物理场模型,采用数值模拟和实验结合研究了在Marangoni效应下硅料的温度场、流场、应力场对硅晶体质量的影响及硅锭中Al、Fe等杂质的分凝、富集规律。结果表明:Marangoni效应使硅锭内部的温度场分布更加均匀,硅料的轴向温度梯度降低,从而硅锭内部的热应力值要小于不存在此效应时硅锭内部的热应力值,热应力降低了8.7%~22.5%,且硅锭的应力范围在3.36~96.7 MPa。硅锭顶部金属杂质Al、Fe富集程度较高,界面Marangoni效应加强了金属杂质原子转移,其分布从最初的小面积块状转变成大面积网络状存在。

Numerical simulation of Marangoni effects of single drops induced by interphase mass transfer in liquid-liquid extraction systems by the level set method

The mathematical model of mass transfer-induced Marangoni effect is formulated. The drop surface evolution is captured by the level set method, in which the interface is represented by the embedded set of zero level of a scalar distance function defined in the whole computational domain. Numerical simulation of the Marangoni effect induced by interphase mass transfer to/from deformable single drops in unsteady motion in liquid-liquid extraction systems is performed in a Eulerian axisymmetric reference frame. The occurrence and development of the Marangoni effect are simulated, and the re- sults are in good agreement with the classical theoretical analysis and previous simulation.

Marangoni effect of cracked liquid film of an aqueous electrolyte flowing over a vertical heated plate

An experimental investigation was performed on Marangoni effect of cracked liquid film of aqueous Na_2SO_4 flowing over a vertical heated plate by using a sensitive infrared imaging technique. The results show that the thermal and solutal Marangoni effects, which result from the non-uniform distributions of surface temperature and concentration of the film, respectively, occur in the streamwise and transverse directions of the film, generating different influences on the film heat transfer. Taking account of the Marangoni number (Ma) and the solution concentration (c_0), a correlation of the Nusselt number (Nu) for the cracked liquid film is proposed.

Optical Study on Concentration-Driven Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni Convection

By utilizing optical Schlieren method, the Rayleigh Bénard Marangoni convection in mass transfer process was observed. A recorder and a camera separately recorded dynamic and static convective flow patterns during experiments . Different organic solvents were selected to investigate the RBM effects induced by different driving mechanisms including density gradient, surface tension gradient and their combination. Thermal effects produced by solvents evaporation and solute absorption/desorption are thought as an important factor in the creation of RBM convection during the mass transfer process. Qualitative analysis of experimental results is presented on the basis of photos and videotapes that were taken as direct visual evidences. Experimental results show that the thermal effect accompanying the mass transfer can be a cause at the onset of RBM convection and can′t be neglected simply in study of RBM effect driven by mass transfer.

伴有Marangoni效应的传质动力学

结合Marangoni对流的流体动力学条件 ,通过建立的半经验模型研究了伴有Marangoni效应的传质动力学 ,阐述了Marangoni效应增强传质的机理 ,得到了传质Sherwood数与Marangoni数之间的连续指数关联 ,从而得以解释不同实验过程中得到的不同Sherwood数与Marangoni数之间的关系 .研究表明 ,由Marangoni效应而增强的传质系数与界面Marangoni湍动的表现形式有关 .

多相传质过程中的Marangoni效应

Marangoni效应广泛存在于液液、气液相际传质过程中,通常会对传质速率产生重要影响。对Marangoni效应的实验及理论研究有助于增进对微观传质机理的理解,是强化相间传质过程效率的重要因素。重点介绍了液液体系中单液滴萃取的实验和模拟研究,对液液体系中Marangoni效应不稳定性的判据,对气液体系有效传质面积的影响,以及两种体系中利用表面活性剂进行传质调控的研究等方面的进展进行了综述,还探讨了传质过程中Marangoni效应应用研究的方向。

Marangoni效应对降膜加热流动的影响

采用红外热像仪和智能化薄膜厚度测试仪研究了垂直板上受热降膜的流动特性,得到液膜表面温度分布、液膜宽度、液膜厚度、局部液膜厚度随时间变化关系等参数.通过对这些参数的分析,可知降膜加热流动时,液膜表面出现轴向和径向的温度梯度,由此产生的表面张力梯度引起Marangoni效应对降膜流动有着很大的影响.降膜加热流动过程中,Marangoni效应使液膜产生较大的收缩,膜厚增加,表面波动加强.

质量、热量传递过程中的Marangoni效应

由质量、热量传递引发 ,表面张力梯度驱动的 Marangoni效应不但对化学工程、材料工程和热能工程等领域里的一系列过程具有重要的影响 ,而且是非线性耗散系统理论研究的一个具有实际意义的课题。对 Marangoni效应的实验及理论研究有助于增进对微观传热、传质机理的理解 ,它的合理利用也可能提高某些过程的效率。迄今为止 ,对 Marangoni效应的认识还不能满足理论研究和工程应用的要求。近期在各相关领域内对 Marangoni的研究十分活跃 。

Marangoni效应与汽液传质过程

Marangoni效应与汽液传质过程介绍Marangoni效应对液体混合物流型的影响,同时指出其影响传质过程的机理。在概述国内外这一领域的研究动态和进展的基础上,提出了在Marangoni效应作用下传质过程的控制与操作以及设计和开发新传质元件的思路与策略。

电解质溶液的受热降膜传热与Marangoni效应

采用红外热成像技术研究了电解质Na2SO4-H2O溶液受热降膜传热过程中的Marangoni效应。实验结果表明,降膜表面的流向和径向上存在分别由温度和浓度分布不均引起的热和溶质Marangoni效应。降膜径向热Marangoni效应引起了液膜的收缩,使液膜厚度增加,增大了液膜热阻;流向热Marangoni效应加剧了液膜的湍动,减小了液膜滞流层厚度,降低了液膜热阻;径向溶质Marangoni效应则减弱了热Marangoni效应对液膜的收缩作用,促进了液膜的扩展。分析发现在本实验条件下,表征Marangoni效应大小的Marangoni数Ma不能准确地反映不同雷诺数Re下Marangoni效应对降膜流动的影响,为此引入判断Marangoni效应对降膜流动影响程度的Marangoni效应影响因子ε,ε与实验结果具有较好的一致性。

传质过程中的Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni效应

Rayleigh B啨ｎａｒｄ Marangoni现象对吸收、萃取、精馏、蒸发等气液或液液传质过程具有显著的影响和重要性 ,但迄今 ,对RBM现象本质的认识还远远不能满足理论和工程上的要求 ,对其实验及理论研究将促进对传质微观机理的理解及加强实际应用。文中综述了对RBM现象实验和理论研究的成果 ,讨论了未来对其研究的方法和方向。

Marangoni效应对填料塔精馏传质过程的影响

通过 4种正体系、 5种负体系的精馏实验 ,考察了Marangoni效应对填料塔中传质过程的影响。结果表明 :正体系的气相体积总传质系数KGa与组成无关 ,仅受气相流量 qG 的影响 ,可用关联式KGa =AqGB,和B =0 .94± 0 .0 4表示 ;而对负体系 ,由于Marangoni效应的存在 ,顺着液相流动方向 ,KGa逐渐减小。其关联式为KGa =AqGBMsC,B =1.0 5± 0 .0 4,C =0 .3± 0 .0 5 ,该式的平均误差约为 6%。

Marangoni效应与降膜传递过程

M arangon i效应在降膜传热、传质过程中广泛存在,并对这些过程有着显著影响。人们对M arangon i效应进行过大量的理论和实验研究。初步总结了近年来关于M arangon i效应的研究工作,并对其中的热点问题进行分析,进而展望了未来关于M arangon i效应的研究趋势。