Iodine deficiency （ID） during early pregnancy has an adverse effect on children＇s psychomotor and motor function but the mechanism has not been clarified. Therefore, our aim was to study the effect of maternal marg...Iodine deficiency （ID） during early pregnancy has an adverse effect on children＇s psychomotor and motor function but the mechanism has not been clarified. Therefore, our aim was to study the effect of maternal marginal ID on cerebellar neurodevelopment and the underlying mechanism. After obtaining marginal ID rats, we examined interactions between Bergmann gila cells （BGs） and Purkinje cells （PCs） using immunofluorescence and expression of the glutamate transporter and receptor by western blot. Our results showed that marginal ID reduced the number of contacted points between BGs and PCs,展开更多
There are numerous studies comparing different kinds of environmental taxes and standards.However,forms of environmental standards focused by former researchers are usually quantitybased limits/standards(e.g.pounds pe...There are numerous studies comparing different kinds of environmental taxes and standards.However,forms of environmental standards focused by former researchers are usually quantitybased limits/standards(e.g.pounds per day or pounds per unit of output).Concentration-based emission standard(e.g.milligrams per liter of wastewater) as one important form of environmental standard has not been given much attention.In this article,comparable estimates of their probable effect on enterprise pollution reduction will be developed for concentrationbased effluent standards,effluent taxes,and a combination of both.A linear simulation model is used to clearly and obviously compare the effects of effluent taxes and concentration-based standards within the same figure.With one detailed application to the paper industry,some enlightenment and conclusions-as well as the general applicability of these principles-are then provided:Under the same effluent tax rate,enterprises,groups,and industries that are cleaner will reduce more pollutants than those that have higher pollutant abatement costs.It is recommended that effluent taxes are set by avoiding cutting it even at one stroke and considering the feasibility of pollution-reducing technology in various industries.It is necessary to reduce MAC of enterprises to better stimulate enterprises' or industries' emission reduction by preferential measures,such as high tax rate coordinated by speeding up the depreciation of environmental protection equipment.展开更多
Chinese farmers are often accused of overusing pesticides that play a crucial role in enhancing crop yield by reducing losses to crop pests. Pesticide overuse has caused a series of negative health and environmental e...Chinese farmers are often accused of overusing pesticides that play a crucial role in enhancing crop yield by reducing losses to crop pests. Pesticide overuse has caused a series of negative health and environmental externalities. This paper quantiifes the productivity effect and the optimal amount of pesticides in rice, cotton and maize production in China from the economic perspective. Using survey data col ected in 2012 and 2013, both Cobb-Douglas and Weibul damage control speciifcations are used to estimate the production function. Results show that pesticides have statistical y signiifcant pro-ductivity effect on crop yield. On the condition of Weibul damage control speciifcations, the marginal products of 1 kg of the active ingredients of pesticides for rice, cotton and maize are 71.06, 22.73 and 98.45 kg, respectively. However, 57, 64 and 17%of the actual amount of pesticides are overused for rice, cotton and maize, respectively. Moreover, the productivity effect of pesticides would be overestimated using Cobb-Douglas speciifcation without incorporating a damage control agent.展开更多
目的:观察眉下缘切口提升术联合重睑成形治疗中重度上睑皮肤松弛的美学效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年10月-2022年10月在笔者医院治疗的62例上睑皮肤松弛患者临床资料,根据治疗方法不同分为联合治疗组(n=32)和眉下切口组(n=30),联合治疗...目的:观察眉下缘切口提升术联合重睑成形治疗中重度上睑皮肤松弛的美学效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年10月-2022年10月在笔者医院治疗的62例上睑皮肤松弛患者临床资料,根据治疗方法不同分为联合治疗组(n=32)和眉下切口组(n=30),联合治疗组行眉下缘切口提升术联合重睑术,眉下切口组行眉下缘切口提升术,术后对患者进行随访,比较两组术后矫治效果,上睑缘至眉距离(The distance between the upper eyelid margin and the eyebrow,DEE)、睑裂宽度(The height of the palpebral fissure,HPF)、瞳孔中点睑缘与重睑距离(Middle pupil margin-fold distance,MPMFD)、角膜内侧睑缘与重睑距离(Medial corneal margin-fold distance,MCMFD)以及外眦处睑缘与重睑距离(Lateral canthus margin-fold distance,LCMFD)、上睑皱纹改善效果(Lemperle评分)、术后外观满意度、术后并发症发生率。结果:治疗后,联合治疗组DEE、HPF、MPMFD、MCMFD、LCMFD均高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者Lemperle评分均有所降低,但联合治疗组低于眉下切口组(P<0.05);治疗后,联合治疗组术后外观满意度96.88%高于眉下切口组76.67%(P<0.05);治疗后,联合治疗组与眉下切口组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:眉下缘切口提升术联合重睑成形治疗中重度上睑皮肤松弛,能够有效改善上睑松弛情况,减少上睑皱纹,且患者外观满意度较高。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 81102126]Important Platform of Science and Technology for the Universities in Liaoning Province[grant number 16010]Program for Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University[grant number LT2015028]
文摘Iodine deficiency （ID） during early pregnancy has an adverse effect on children＇s psychomotor and motor function but the mechanism has not been clarified. Therefore, our aim was to study the effect of maternal marginal ID on cerebellar neurodevelopment and the underlying mechanism. After obtaining marginal ID rats, we examined interactions between Bergmann gila cells （BGs） and Purkinje cells （PCs） using immunofluorescence and expression of the glutamate transporter and receptor by western blot. Our results showed that marginal ID reduced the number of contacted points between BGs and PCs,
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(9154036)"Water Pollution Control Strategy and Decision Support Platform"[grant No.2009ZX07631-02-03]"Water Pollution Accident Damage Assessment Technology Research[grant No.201309060]"
文摘There are numerous studies comparing different kinds of environmental taxes and standards.However,forms of environmental standards focused by former researchers are usually quantitybased limits/standards(e.g.pounds per day or pounds per unit of output).Concentration-based emission standard(e.g.milligrams per liter of wastewater) as one important form of environmental standard has not been given much attention.In this article,comparable estimates of their probable effect on enterprise pollution reduction will be developed for concentrationbased effluent standards,effluent taxes,and a combination of both.A linear simulation model is used to clearly and obviously compare the effects of effluent taxes and concentration-based standards within the same figure.With one detailed application to the paper industry,some enlightenment and conclusions-as well as the general applicability of these principles-are then provided:Under the same effluent tax rate,enterprises,groups,and industries that are cleaner will reduce more pollutants than those that have higher pollutant abatement costs.It is recommended that effluent taxes are set by avoiding cutting it even at one stroke and considering the feasibility of pollution-reducing technology in various industries.It is necessary to reduce MAC of enterprises to better stimulate enterprises' or industries' emission reduction by preferential measures,such as high tax rate coordinated by speeding up the depreciation of environmental protection equipment.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71173014 and 71210004)the China Scholarship Council (201306030053)
文摘Chinese farmers are often accused of overusing pesticides that play a crucial role in enhancing crop yield by reducing losses to crop pests. Pesticide overuse has caused a series of negative health and environmental externalities. This paper quantiifes the productivity effect and the optimal amount of pesticides in rice, cotton and maize production in China from the economic perspective. Using survey data col ected in 2012 and 2013, both Cobb-Douglas and Weibul damage control speciifcations are used to estimate the production function. Results show that pesticides have statistical y signiifcant pro-ductivity effect on crop yield. On the condition of Weibul damage control speciifcations, the marginal products of 1 kg of the active ingredients of pesticides for rice, cotton and maize are 71.06, 22.73 and 98.45 kg, respectively. However, 57, 64 and 17%of the actual amount of pesticides are overused for rice, cotton and maize, respectively. Moreover, the productivity effect of pesticides would be overestimated using Cobb-Douglas speciifcation without incorporating a damage control agent.
文摘目的:观察眉下缘切口提升术联合重睑成形治疗中重度上睑皮肤松弛的美学效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年10月-2022年10月在笔者医院治疗的62例上睑皮肤松弛患者临床资料,根据治疗方法不同分为联合治疗组(n=32)和眉下切口组(n=30),联合治疗组行眉下缘切口提升术联合重睑术,眉下切口组行眉下缘切口提升术,术后对患者进行随访,比较两组术后矫治效果,上睑缘至眉距离(The distance between the upper eyelid margin and the eyebrow,DEE)、睑裂宽度(The height of the palpebral fissure,HPF)、瞳孔中点睑缘与重睑距离(Middle pupil margin-fold distance,MPMFD)、角膜内侧睑缘与重睑距离(Medial corneal margin-fold distance,MCMFD)以及外眦处睑缘与重睑距离(Lateral canthus margin-fold distance,LCMFD)、上睑皱纹改善效果(Lemperle评分)、术后外观满意度、术后并发症发生率。结果:治疗后,联合治疗组DEE、HPF、MPMFD、MCMFD、LCMFD均高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者Lemperle评分均有所降低,但联合治疗组低于眉下切口组(P<0.05);治疗后,联合治疗组术后外观满意度96.88%高于眉下切口组76.67%(P<0.05);治疗后,联合治疗组与眉下切口组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:眉下缘切口提升术联合重睑成形治疗中重度上睑皮肤松弛,能够有效改善上睑松弛情况,减少上睑皱纹,且患者外观满意度较高。
