Iodine deficiency(ID)during early pregnancy has an adverse effect on children’s psychomotor and motor function but the mechanism has not been clarified.Therefore,our aim was to study the effect of maternal marginal I...Iodine deficiency(ID)during early pregnancy has an adverse effect on children’s psychomotor and motor function but the mechanism has not been clarified.Therefore,our aim was to study the effect of maternal marginal ID on cerebellar neurodevelopment and the underlying mechanism.After obtaining marginal ID rats,we examined interactions between Bergmann glia cells(BGs)and Purkinje cells(PCs)using immunofluorescence展开更多
Climate change has become a global phenomenon and is adversely affecting agricultural development across the globe.Developing countries like Pakistan where 18.9%of the GDP(gross domestic product)came from the agricult...Climate change has become a global phenomenon and is adversely affecting agricultural development across the globe.Developing countries like Pakistan where 18.9%of the GDP(gross domestic product)came from the agriculture sector and also 42%of the labor force involved in agriculture.They are directly and indirectly affected by climate change due to an increase in the frequency and intensity of climatic extreme events such as floods,droughts and extreme weather events.In this paper,we have focused on the impact of climate change on farm households and their adaptation strategies to cope up the climatic extremes.For this purpose,we have selected farm households by using multistage stratified random sampling from four districts of the Potohar region i.e.Attock,Rawalpindi,Jhelum and Chakwal.These districts were selected by dividing the Potohar region into rain-fed areas.We have employed logistic regression to assess the determinants of adaptation to climate change and its impact.We have also calculated the marginal effect of each independent variable of the logistic regression to measure the immediate rate of change in the model.In order to check the significance of our suggested model,we have used hypothesis testing.展开更多
Factors that affect highway-related crash frequency and injury severity vary across observations.Using a methodology that does not account nor correct for heterogeneity in observed and unobserved crash factors across ...Factors that affect highway-related crash frequency and injury severity vary across observations.Using a methodology that does not account nor correct for heterogeneity in observed and unobserved crash factors across highway segments may lead to biased and inconsistent estimated coefficients,thus resulting in erroneous inferences.The present paper demonstrates the use of random-parameters models to facilitate and enhance how crash factors affect crash frequency and injury severity along a highway segment.The results indicate that a unit increase in the presence of stop sign along a highway segment reduces crash frequency by 2.471 for 87.24%of the roadway segments.For the remaining12.76%of the roadway segments,crash frequency is increased by the same margin.Using the random-parameters multinomial logit model,the result indicates that,for 90.89%of the observations,the presence of a stop sign on a highway segment increases the probability of the injury outcome.For 9.11%of the observations,the presence of a stop sign on a highway segment reduces the probability of the injury outcome,and the marginal effect value across observations is 0.0017.Vertical grades greater than 5%increase crash frequency for 58.46%of the highway segments,and decrease for 41.54%of the highway segments by 0.121 for one unit increase in vertical grades.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 81102126]Important Platform of Science and Technology for the Universities in Liaoning Province[grant number 16010]Program for Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University[grant number LT2015028]
文摘Iodine deficiency(ID)during early pregnancy has an adverse effect on children’s psychomotor and motor function but the mechanism has not been clarified.Therefore,our aim was to study the effect of maternal marginal ID on cerebellar neurodevelopment and the underlying mechanism.After obtaining marginal ID rats,we examined interactions between Bergmann glia cells(BGs)and Purkinje cells(PCs)using immunofluorescence
文摘Climate change has become a global phenomenon and is adversely affecting agricultural development across the globe.Developing countries like Pakistan where 18.9%of the GDP(gross domestic product)came from the agriculture sector and also 42%of the labor force involved in agriculture.They are directly and indirectly affected by climate change due to an increase in the frequency and intensity of climatic extreme events such as floods,droughts and extreme weather events.In this paper,we have focused on the impact of climate change on farm households and their adaptation strategies to cope up the climatic extremes.For this purpose,we have selected farm households by using multistage stratified random sampling from four districts of the Potohar region i.e.Attock,Rawalpindi,Jhelum and Chakwal.These districts were selected by dividing the Potohar region into rain-fed areas.We have employed logistic regression to assess the determinants of adaptation to climate change and its impact.We have also calculated the marginal effect of each independent variable of the logistic regression to measure the immediate rate of change in the model.In order to check the significance of our suggested model,we have used hypothesis testing.
文摘Factors that affect highway-related crash frequency and injury severity vary across observations.Using a methodology that does not account nor correct for heterogeneity in observed and unobserved crash factors across highway segments may lead to biased and inconsistent estimated coefficients,thus resulting in erroneous inferences.The present paper demonstrates the use of random-parameters models to facilitate and enhance how crash factors affect crash frequency and injury severity along a highway segment.The results indicate that a unit increase in the presence of stop sign along a highway segment reduces crash frequency by 2.471 for 87.24%of the roadway segments.For the remaining12.76%of the roadway segments,crash frequency is increased by the same margin.Using the random-parameters multinomial logit model,the result indicates that,for 90.89%of the observations,the presence of a stop sign on a highway segment increases the probability of the injury outcome.For 9.11%of the observations,the presence of a stop sign on a highway segment reduces the probability of the injury outcome,and the marginal effect value across observations is 0.0017.Vertical grades greater than 5%increase crash frequency for 58.46%of the highway segments,and decrease for 41.54%of the highway segments by 0.121 for one unit increase in vertical grades.
