Marginal zone lymphoma with severe rashes: A case report

BACKGROUND Marginal zone lymphoma(MZL)is an indolent subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL),which is rare clinically with severe rashes as the initial symptom.CASE SUMMARY This study reports a case of MZL with generalized skin rashes accompanied by pruritus and purulent discharge.First-line treatment with rituximab combined with zanubrutinib had poor effects.However,after switching to obinutuzumab combined with zanubrutinib,the case was alleviated,and the rashes disappeared.CONCLUSION For patients with advanced stage MZL not benefiting from type I anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody(mAb)combination therapy,switching to a type II anti-CD20 mAb combination regimen may be considered.This approach may provide a new perspective in the treatment of MZL.

The largest CPIES array in the marginal sea:abundant dynamics in the northeast South China Sea

The South China Sea(SCS)is a marginal sea connecting the Pacific and Indian oceans and has gained much attention in recent decades.The dynamics in the northeast SCS are considerably influenced by topography,monsoons,tropical cyclones,the Kuroshio intrusion,and water exchange through the Luzon Strait(LS).

Bendamustine and rituximab as frontline therapy in extranodal marginal zone lymphoma:a single-institution experience

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma(EMZL)encompasses 70%of cases of marginal zone lymphoma.Frontline bendamustine and rituximab(BR)were derived from trials involving other indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.Only one trial has evaluated frontline BR prospectively in EMZL.This retrospective study reports outcomes among EMZL patients receiving frontline BR.Twenty-five patients were included with a median age of 69 years(40–81).Five(20.0%)patients had stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ disease,and 20(80.0%)had stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ disease.The median number of cycles was 6.0(3.0–6.0).Maintenance rituximab was administered to 10(41.7%)individuals.Overall response rate(ORR)was 100.0%(60.0%complete response,40.0%partial response).Medians of overall survival and progression-free survival were not reached.The estimated 2-year progression-free survival was 85.2%and overall survival was 100.0%.Four(16.6%)patients had infections related to treatment;3(12.0%)transformed to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma;5(20.8%)had a relapse or progression of EMZL;and 3(12.0%)died unrelated to BR.BR is an efficacious and well-tolerated front-line regimen for EMZL with response data consistent with existing literature.

Depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex of the Dengying Formation in the southwestern Sichuan Basin, SW China: Implications for the Ediacaran microbial mound construction and hydrocarbon exploration

Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China,where the depositional process is regarded confusing. The microfacies, construction types, and depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle photography, outcrop section investigation, thin section identification,and seismic reflections in the southwestern Sichuan Basin. The microbialite lithologic textures in this region include thrombolite, dendrolite, stromatolite, fenestral stromatolite, spongiostromata stone,oncolite, aggregated grainstone, and botryoidal grapestone. Based on the comprehensive analysis of“depositional fabrics-lithology-microfacies”, an association between a fore mound, mound framework,and back mound subfacies has been proposed based on water depth, current direction, energy level and lithologic assemblages. The microfacies of the mound base, mound core, mound flank, mound cap, and mound flat could be recognized among the mound framework subfacies. Two construction types of marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been determined based on deposition location, mound scale, migration direction, and sedimentary facies association. Type Jinkouhe microbial mound constructions(TJMMCs) develop along the windward margin owing to their proximity to the seaward subfacies fore mound, with a northeastwardly migrated microbial mound on top of the mud mound,exhibiting the characteristics of large-sized mounds and small-sized banks in the surrounding area. Type E'bian microbial mound constructions(TEMMCs) primarily occur on the leeward margin, resulting from the presence of onshore back mound subfacies, with the smaller southwestward migrated microbial mounds existing on a thicker microbial flat. The platform margin microbial mound depositional model can be correlated with certain lateral comparison profile and seismic reflection structures in the 2D seismic section, which can provide references for future worldwide exploration. Microbial mounds with larger buildups and thicker vertical reservoirs are typically targeted on the windward margin, while small-sized microbial mounds and flats with better lateral connections are typically focused on the leeward margin.

Transformation of marginal zone lymphoma into high-grade B-cell lymphoma expressing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase:A case report

BACKGROUND High-grade B-cell lymphoma(HGBL)is an unusual malignancy that includes myelocytomatosis viral oncogene(MYC),B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2),and/or BCL-6 rearrangements,termed double-hit or triple-hit lymphomas,and HGBL-not otherwise specific(HGBL-NOS),which are morphologically characteristic of HGBL but lack MYC,BCL-2,or BCL-6 rearrangements.HGBL is partially transformed by follicular lymphoma and other indolent lymphoma,with few cases of marginal zone lymphoma(MZL)transformation.HGBL often has a poor prognosis and intensive therapy is currently mainly advocated,but there is no good treatment for these patients who cannot tolerate chemotherapy.CASE SUMMARY We reported a case of MZL transformed into HGBL-NOS with TP53 mutation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression.Gene analysis revealed the gene expression profile was identical in the pre-and post-transformed tissues,suggesting that the two diseases are homologous,not secondary tumors.The chemotherapy was ineffective and the side effect was severe,so we tried combination therapy including venetoclax and obinutuzumab.The patient tolerated treatment well,and reached partial response.The patient had recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and died of multifunctional organ failure.He survived for 12 months after diagnosis.CONCLUSION Venetoclax combined with obinutuzumab might improve the survival in some HGBL patients,who are unsuitable for chemotherapy.

快速Marginalized粒子滤波器在纯方位跟踪中的应用

为提高纯方位跟踪性能,降低粒子滤波方法的运算量,在原有Marginalized粒子滤波器(MPF)的基础上,对线性部分处理方法进行简化,提出了快速Marginalized粒子滤波器(FMPF),并结合纯方位跟踪模型,推导了FMPF应用的具体算法步骤,使用机动目标纯方位跟踪仿真实例,与其他滤波器进行了仿真对比,分析了跟踪性能和计算量。仿真结果表明,与标准粒子滤波器相比,FMPF可以提高线性部分的计算精度,同时减少MPF所需的计算量。

Temporal-Spatial Variances of Holocene Precipitation at the Marginal Area of the East Asian Monsoon Influences from Pollen Evidence

The woodland-steppe ecotone in the. southern Nei Mongol Plateau is located at the northern edge of the east Asian monsoon influences. A marked southeastern - northwestern (SE - NW) precipitation gradient exists in this region. Quantitative reconstruction of palaeo-precipitation of this region is helpful to reveal the development of monsoon climate and to predict die future desertification. Based on modern vegetation and surface pollen studies, a pollen-precipitation transfer function in the study region was established. Pollen data from three sediment sequences within the ecotone were used to reconstruct palaeo-precipitation during the Holocene. The processes of precipitation changes in the three sequences were quite different. There was a tendency of precipitation declined from the onset of the Holocene to 1 100 a BP in Haoluku. But, in Liuzhouwan and Xiaoniuchang, both located south of Haoluku, the annual precipitation reached highest values during 7 800 - 6 200 a BP and 7 200 - 5 000 a BP, respectively. The influences of southwestern (SW) monsoon and the variances of topographical conditions have possibly caused these temporal-spatial variances.

基于权重一致性优化的实时Marginalized粒子滤波算法

针对Marginalized粒子滤波中随机量测噪声对于非线性状态估计精度的不利影响以及线性状态估计中计算量较大问题,提出了一种基于权重一致性优化的实时Marginalized粒子滤波算法.首先,结合量测系统建模中先验信息的提取和利用,通过粒子权重间一致性距离和一致性矩阵的构建,提出了量测提升策略下权重的一致性优化方法,以改善粒子滤波在非线性状态估计中的滤波精度.其次,通过对Marginalized粒子滤波实现中时间更新和量测更新环节的结构优化,给出了实时Marginalized粒子滤波,以降低蒙特卡罗仿真实现下卡尔曼滤波在状态线性估计中的计算复杂度.最后,在两者的动态结合基础上给出了新算法具体实现步骤.利用基于单站雷达目标跟踪仿真场景,分析了算法性能.理论分析和仿真实验结果验证了算法的可行性和有效性.

Analyzing our educational resource deployment of compulsory education by marginal utility

In the base of utility and marginal utility,the article put forwardthe concept of utility and marginal utilityof educational outlay and the theory of them,and analyzed the actuality of educational resource deployment in ourcountry,gave some advice about howtoi mprove our educational resource deployment of compulsory education.

Effects of Sowing Rate on Marginal Superiority and Yield of Wheat in Wheat-cotton Intercropping System

In the wheat-cotton intercropping system, total 6 sowing rates （187.5, 225.0, 262.5, 300.0, 337.5 and 375.0 kg/hm2） were arranged, and the effects of sowing rate on marginal superiority and yield of wheat were investigated. The re- sults showed that the effect of sowing rate on inner-line wheat was greater than that on side-line wheat; with the increased sowing rate, the marginal superiority of panicle number was reduced in overall, and the difference in panicle number be- tween inner and side lines was decreased from 9.0×10^5/hm2 （sowing rate of 187.5 kg/hm2） to 7.8×10^5/hm2 （sowing rate of 375.0 kg/hm2）; the marginal superiority of grains per spike was increased first and then reduced, and the largest difference in grains per spike between the inner and side lines reached 4.6 under the sowing rate of 300.0 kg/hm2; the marginal superiority of 1 000-grain weight and yield was gradually increased, and the largest difference in 1 000-grain weight between the inner and side lines reached 3.9 g under the sowing rate of 337.5 kg/hm2, and in yield reached 3 136.5 kg/hm2under the sowing rate of 375.0 kg/hm2. The effects of sowing rate on the three yield factors of intercropped wheat ranked as panicle number 〉 grains per spike 〉 1 000-grain weight. The appropriate sowing rate of wheat was 225.0-262.0 kg/hm2 in the wheat-cotton intercropping system.

Analysis on Marginal Superiority and Yield of Different Wheat Varieties in Wheat-cotton Intercropping System

In wheat-cotton intercropping system,the spike number per unit area,grains per spike,thousand-grain weight and yield of side line and inner line were investigated in six wheat varieties to study the marginal superiority and select suitable wheat varieties intercropped with cotton.The results showed that Xingmai No.4had obvious marginal superiority with the yield of 6 919.0 kg/hm2,so it was the suitable variety for wheat-cotton intercropping system.

基于自适应粒子群优化的代价评估Marginalized粒子滤波

针对量测受扰动情况下粒子重要性权重的精确度量和粒子的有效采样问题,提出了一种基于自适应粒子群优化的代价评估Marginalized粒子滤波。首先,在Marginalized粒子滤波框架下,通过引入代价函数和风险函数,实现了粒子重要性权重评价过程中对最新量测信息的合理利用,以降低传统的依据重要性权重度量方式中对于噪声先验信息的依赖。其次,通过对粒子分布特征信息的提取和利用,构建了粒子极限速度设定的自适应选取策略,给出了一种自适应粒子群优化方法。在此基础上,结合粒子群优化中群体优化机理来提升采样粒子对被估计状态的逼近程度,进而改善重采样后粒子的多样性。理论分析和仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。

Soil Properties and Characteristics of Soil Aggregate in Marginal Farmlands of Oasis in the Middle of Hexi Corridor Region, Northwest China

The composition and stability of soil aggregate are closely related to soil quality, soil erosion, and agricultural sustainability. In this study, 49 soil samples at the 0-10 cm surface layer were collected from four soil types （i.e., Ari-Sandic Primosols, Calci-Orthic Aridosols, Siltigi-Otrthic Anthrosols, and Ustic Cambosols） in the marginal farmland in the oasis of the middle Hexi Corridor region and was used to determine the characteristics of soil aggregates. The composition of dry- and wet- sieved aggregates and the physical and chemical properties （including soil particle distribution, soil organic carbon （SOC）, calcium carbonate （CaCO3）, and oxides of Fe^3＋ and Al^3＋） of the selected soils were analyzed. The results show that soil particle size distribution is dominated by fine sand fraction in most of soils except Ustic Cambosols. Soil organic carbon concentration is 5.88 ± 2.52 g kg^-1 on average, ranging from 4.75 g kg^-1 in Ari-Sandic Primosols to 10.51 g kg^-1 in Ustic Cambosols. The soils have high calcium carbonate （CaCO3） concentration, ranging from 84.7 to 164.8 g kg^-1, which is increased with soil fine particle and organic carbon content. The percentage of 〉0.25 mm dry aggregates ranges from 65.2% in Ari-Sandic Primosols to 94.6% in Ustic Cambosols, and large dry blocky aggregates （〉5 mm） is dominant in all soils. The mean weight diameter of dry aggregates （DMWD） ranges from 3.2 mm to 5.5 mm. The percentage of 〉0.25 mm water-stable aggregate is from 23.8% to 45.4%. The percentage of aggregate destruction （PAD） is from 52.4% to 66.8%, which shows a weak aggregate stability. Ari-Sandic Primosols has the highest PAD. The distribution and characteristics of soil aggregates are in favor of controlling soil wind erosion. However, the stability of aggregate of all soils is weak and soils are prone to disperse and harden after irrigation. The mass of macro-aggregates and DMWD are positively significantly correlated with the contents of soil clay and silt, soil organic carbon （SOC）, CaCO3, and oxides of Fe^3＋ and Al^3＋. Soil fine silt and clay, SOC and CaCO3 are important agents of aggregation in this region, and the effect of SOC and CaCO3 on aggregate stability is more significant than that of soil silt and clay. Converting cropland to alfalfa forage land can increase SOC concentration, and in turn, enhance the formation of aggregates and stability. For the marginal farmlands in this fragile ecological area, converting cropland to alfalfa grassland or performing crop-grass rotation is an effective and basic strategy to improve soil structure and quality, to mitigate soil wind erosion, and to enhance oasis agricultural sustainability.

The Marginal Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter for Mixed Linear/Nonlinear State Space Models

In this paper, the marginal Rao-Blackwellized particle filter （MRBPF）, which fuses the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter （RBPF） algorithm and the marginal particle filter （MPF） algorithm, is presented. The state space is divided into linear and non-linear parts, which can be estimated separately by the MPF and the optional Kalman filter. Through simulation in the terrain aided navigation （TAN） domain, it is demonstrated that, compared with the RBPF, the root mean square errors （RMSE） and the error variance of the nonlinear state estimations by the proposed MRBPF are respectively reduced by 29% and 96%, while the unique particle count is increased by 80%. It is also found that the MRBPF has better convergence properties, and analysis has shown that the existing RBPF is nothing more than a special case of the MRBPF.

Marginal optimization method to improve the inconsistent comparison matrix in the analytic hierarchy process

To improve the inconsistency in the analytic hierarchy process(AHP), a new method based on marginal optimization theory is proposed. During the improving process, this paper regards the reduction of consistency ratio(CR) as benefit, and the maximum modification compared to the original pairwise comparison matrix(PCM) as cost, then the improvement of consistency is transformed to a benefit/cost analysis problem. According to the maximal marginal effect principle, the elements of PCM are modified by a fixed increment(or decrement) step by step till the consistency ratio becomes acceptable, which can ensure minimum adjustment to the original PCM so that the decision makers’ judgment is preserved as much as possible. The correctness of the proposed method is proved mathematically by theorem. Firstly, the marginal benefit/cost ratio is calculated for each single element of the PCM when it has been modified by a fixed increment(or decrement).Then, modification to the element with the maximum marginal benefit/cost ratio is accepted. Next, the marginal benefit/cost ratio is calculated again upon the revised matrix, and followed by choosing the modification to the element with the maximum marginal benefit/cost ratio. The process of calculating marginal effect and choosing the best modified element is repeated for each revised matrix till acceptable consistency is reached, i.e., CR<0.1. Finally,illustrative examples show the proposed method is more effective and better in preserving the original comparison information than existing methods.

Laparoscopic splenectomy for treatment of splenic marginal zone lymphoma

AIM: To investigate the short-term and long-term ef-ficacy and safety of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) for treatment of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). METHODS: A total of 18 continuous patients who were diagnosed with SMZL and underwent LS in our department from 2008 to 2012 were reviewed. The perioperative variables and long-term follow-up were evaluated. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of this procedure better, we also included 34 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent LS, 49 patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who underwent LS, and 20 patients with SMZL who underwent open splenectomy (OS). The results observed in the different groups were compared.RESULTS: No differences were found in the sex and Child-Pugh class of the patients in SMZL-LS, SMZL-OS, ITP, and liver cirrhosis groups. The splenic length of the patients in the SMZL-LS group was similar to that in the SMZL-OS and liver cirrhosis groups but significantly longer than in the ITP group. The SMZL-LS group had a significantly longer operating time compared with the SMZL-OS, ITP, and liver cirrhosis groups, and the SMZL-LS group exhibited significantly less blood loss compared with the SMZL-OS group. No difference was found in the length of the postoperative hospital stay between the SMZL-LS, SMZL-OS, ITP, and liver cirrhosis-LS groups. After surgery, 6 (33.3%) SMZL-LS patients suffered slight complications. During mean fol-low-up periods of 13.6 and 12.8 mo, one patient from the SMZL-LS group and two from the SMZL-OS group died as a result of metastasis after surgery. None of the ITP and liver cirrhosis patients died. CONCLUSION: LS should be considered a feasible and safe procedure for treatment of SMZL in an effort to improve the treatment options and survival of patients.

A quantitative research for present-time crustal motion in Fujian Province, China and its marginal sea── Synthetical analysis of GPS measurement, fault deformation survey, leveling and focal mechanism solution

Based on the Chinese mainland GPS network (1994~1996), Fujian GPS network (1995~1997), cross fault deformation network (1982-1998), precise leveling network (1973~1980) and focal mechanism solutions of the recent several tens years, we synthetically and quantitatively studied the present-time crustal motion of the southeast coast of Chinese mainland-Fujian and its marginal sea. We find that this area with its mainland together moves toward SE with a rather constant velocity of 11 .2±3.0 mm/a. At the same time, there is a motion from the Quanzhou bay pointing to hinterland, with a major orientation of NW, extending toward two sides, and with an average velocity of 3.0±2.6 mm/a. The faults orienting NE show compressing motions, and the ones orienting NW show extending motions. The present-time strain field derived from crustal deformation is consistent with seismic stress field derived from the focal mechanism solutions and the tectonic stress field derived from geology data. The principal stress of compression orients NW (NWW) - SE (SEE). Demarcated by the NW orienting faults of the Quanzhou bay and Jinjiang-Yongan, the crustal motions show regional characteristics f the southwest of Fujian and the boundary of Fujian and Guangdong are areas of rising, the northeast of Fujian are areas of sinking. The horizontal strain rate and the fault motion of the former are both greater than the later. The side-transferring motion of Hymalaya collision zone and the compression of the west pacific subduction zone affect the motion of the research area. The amount of motion affected by the former is larger than the later, but the former is homogeneous and the later is not, which indicates that the events of strong earthquakes in this region relate more directly with western pacific subduction zone.

Marginal bone loss around non-submerged implants is associated with salivary microbiome during bone healing

Marginal bone loss during bone healing exists around non-submerged dental implants. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between different degrees of marginal bone loss during bone healing and the salivary microbiome. One hundred patients were recruited, and marginal bone loss around their implants was measured using cone beam computed tomography during a 3-month healing period. The patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of marginal bone loss.Saliva samples were collected from all subjected and were analysed using 16 SMiSeq sequencing. Although the overall structure of the microbial community was not dramatically altered, the relative abundance of several taxonomic groups noticeably changed. The abundance of species in the phyla Spirochaeta and Synergistetes increased significantly as the bone loss became more severe. Species within the genus Treponema also exhibited increased abundance, whereas Veillonella, Haemophilus and Leptotrichia exhibited reduced abundances, in groups with more bone loss. Porphyromonasgingivalis, Treponemadenticola and Streptococcus intermedius were significantly more abundant in the moderate group and/or severe group. The severity of marginal bone loss around the non-submerged implant was associated with dissimilar taxonomic compositions. An increased severity of marginal bone loss was related to increased proportions of periodontal pathogenic species. These data suggest a potential role of microbes in the progression of marginal bone loss during bone healing.

Revisiting mesoscale eddy genesis mechanism of nonlinear advection in a marginal ice zone

A three-dimensional（3-D） ocean model is coupled with a two-dimensional（2-D） sea ice model, to revisit a nonlinear advection mechanism, one of the most important mesoscale eddy genesis mechanisms in the marginal ice zone. Two-dimensional ocean model simulations suggest nonlinear advection mechanism is more important when the water gets shallower. Instead of considering the ocean as barotropic fluid in the 2-D ocean model, the 3-D ocean model allows the sea ice to affect the current directly in the surface layer via ocean-ice interaction. It is found that both mesoscale eddy and sea surface elevation are sensitive to changes in a water depth in the 3-D simulations. The vertical profile of a current velocity in 3-D experiments suggests that when the water depth gets shallower, the current move faster in each layer, which makes the sea surface elevation be nearly inverse proportional to the water depth with the same wind forcing during the same time. It is also found that because of the vertical motion, the magnitude of variations in the sea surface elevation in the 3-D simulations is very small,being only 1% of the change in the 2-D simulations. And it seems the vertical motion to be the essential reason for the differences between the 3-D and 2-D experiments.

Marginalization of Arable Land and its Correlation with Rural Labor Migration——A Case of Tongcheng County,Hubei Province,China

Based on the introduction of the connotation of marginalization,the index of diagnosing the marginalization degree is put forward.According to the 685 copies of questionnaires on peasant households in Tongcheng County of Hubei Province and the statistical data of local government,marginalization of arable land and its correlation with rural labor migration in Tongcheng County are studied by using aggregative indicator method,clustering analysis method and correlation analysis method.Result shows that marginalization of arable land has happened two times in Tongcheng County since 1985.Dry land has severer marginalization degree than paddy field.There is significant correlation between marginalization degree of arable land and rural labor migration;and the correlation between marginalization degree and rural labor migration in paddy field is greater than that in dry land.Marginalization of arable land will advance the rural labor migration,while in response to the poor current circulation of lands;the rural labor migration will further deepen the marginalization degree.Marginalization of arable land is one of the important factors affecting the labor migration in rural areas.