Marine Engineering Geological Exploration Information System(MEGEIS):A GIS-based Application to Marine Resources Exploitation

Based on the ArcGIS geographic information system and the ORACLE database management system,this paper reports our studies on the technology of Marine Engineering Geological Exploration Information System(MEGEIS). By analyzing system structure,designing function modules and discussing data management,this paper systematically proposes a framework of technol-ogy to integrate,manage,and analyze the seabed information comprehensively. Then,the technology is applied to the design and development of the Bohai Sea Oilfield Paradigm Area Information System. The system can not only meet the practical demands of marine resources exploration and exploitation in the Bohai Sea oilfield,but also serve as a preparatory work in theory and technology for the realization of the 'Digital Seabed'.

Chemistry of marine resources——XVI. A new potassium reagent and its enrichment behaviour for potassium ion in seawater

-This paper first presents a new potassium reagent and efficient enrichment agent for direct recovery of potassium from seawater, i. e. , 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrahydroxybenzen -O, O' , O', O'''- tetraacetic acid (TTAH4). The synthetic method of TTAH4, its enrichment behaviour for potassium ion in low concentration solution and seawater, and the chemical structure of its corresponding potassium salt have been investigated. A mechanism which caused the uptake of potassium ion is suggested. Elementary analysis and IR-spectrum determination of the potassium salt proved correct evidence for a polynuclear complex, i. e. , (TTAH3K)n. Thus, the mechanism which caused the uptake of potassium ion may be interpreted in terms of the formation of polynuclear chains as a continual sandwich type coordination complex.

Study on the Development and Managem ent of Marine Resources in China

Based on the current situation of marine resources in China in respect of development and management, some issues of the develop- ment and management of marine resources in China were analyzed from aspects of marine ecological environmental protection, resource owner- ship, ideas, management system and so forth, Afterwards, a series of suggestions about strengthening the development and management of ma- rine resources in China were put forward, such as clearing marine property rights, stren gthening national ocean consciousness, adjusting marine dustrial structure, vigorously developing new marine industries, and culturing marine technology professionals

An Analysis of the Legal System for the Protection of Marine Resources in China

In order to realize the orderly development and rational use of marine resources,construct a new marine economic development model,effectively adjust the relationship between marine resource protection and social production,and promote the legalization and institutionalization of marine resource protection.Based on the reality,this article attempts to explore the ways and means of improving and constructing the legal system for the protection of marine resources from multiple dimensions.It aims to form a complete marine resource development system from the legal level and provide legal guarantee for the development of marine economy.

The Current Situation of Marine Resources Development and the Way of Marine Integrated Management

As a key factor of marine ecological composition,marine resources play an important role in promoting the development of marine economy.In view of this,in view of a series of problems existing in the process of marine resources development,this paper uses the method of literature review to put forward suggestions on marine resources development and implementation measures of management path,so as to escort the development of marine resources in the new era.

The Dilemma and Way Out of China’s Participation in the Development of Marine Genetic Resources in ABNJ from the Perspective of BBNJ

The fifth intergovernmental negotiations on marine BBNJ(Biodiversity beyond Areas of National Jurisdiction)concluded in August 2022,in which there are still major differences regarding access to marine genetic resources,management,and technology transfer.China’s participation in the development of marine genetic resources in ABNJ(areas beyond national jurisdiction)has many dilemmas,which are linked to the difficulties faced in advancing the BBNJ negotiations.The following countermeasures are proposed at the institutional and practical levels respectively:clarifying the legal attributes and applicability of the principles of marine genetic resources;establishing mechanisms for access,management,environmental impact assessment and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources;and using the“Blue Partnership”to build a governance mechanism for marine genetic resources to achieve mutual benefits.

The Future Protection and Utilization of the Marine Biological Genetic Resources beyond the National Jurisdiction--Analysis based on TRIPS Agreement

Intellectual property system gives rise to international concern in the context of development and protection of the marine biological genetic resources beyond the national jurisdiction. The core argument is whether can be current international intellectual property system plays an active role for balancing the respective benefits to make sure resolve this special area issue. The Agreement On Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right （TRIPS Agreement） provides basic requirements to international intellectual property application. This paper is intended to examine the feasibility of TR1PS clauses in the above context and then some suggestions are put forth.

The Coordination Effect of Marine and Land Resources Carrying Capacity of Coastal Areas in China

The carrying capacity of marine and land resources is one of the indicators to measure the sustainable development level of coastal areas,reflecting the supporting capacity of the ecological environment for human activities and the impact of human activities on the regional environment.This paper establishes an evaluation index system to determine the evaluation value of the carrying capacity of marine and land resources in China’s coastal areas,the evaluation index of marine and land resources supply capacity(economic and social development demand)subsystem,and the degree of coordinated development of the subsystems in 11 coastal areas from 2006 to 2017.The results showed that the average supply and demand capacity of the two subsystems in each region is not high;the average demand level of economic and social development is higher than the supply capacity of marine and land resources;the carrying capacity of marine and land resources is slightly overloaded in most areas;the collaborative development between the supply and demand subsystems is barely coordinated with moderate imbalance;most regions need to move in the direction of green development to ensure the supply capacity of marine and land resources.

Studies on Marine Oil Spills and Their Ecological Damage

The sources of marine oil spills are mainly from accidents of marine oil tankers or freighters, marine oil-drilling platforms, marine oil pipelines, marine oilfields, terrestrial pollution, oil-bearing atmosphere, and offshore oil production equipment. It is concluded upon analysis that there are two main reasons for marine oil spills: (I) The motive for huge economic benefits of oil industry owners and oil shipping agents far surpasses their sense of ecological risks. (II) Marine ecological safety has not become the main concern of national security. Oil spills are disasters because humans spare no efforts to get economic benefits from oil. The present paper draws another conclusion that marine ecological damage caused by oil spills can be roughly divided into two categories: damage to marine resource value (direct value) and damage to marine ecosystem service value (indirect value). Marine oil spills cause damage to marine biological, fishery, seawater, tourism and mineral resources to various extents, which contributes to the lower quality and value of marine resources.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE ECONOMY IN CHINA

China is a large marine country. Developing marine economy is an effective way to solve a series of problems with which man is faced, such as the want of natural resources, space limitation, the environmental deterioration, etc. This article analyzes the rich resources of marine biology, harbor, offshore oil and natural gas and coastal tourism resources in China and describes the developing features and regional differences of marine economy. To realize the sustainable development of marine economy in China, what we need to do are as follows: 1) to list exploiting ocean into national development strategy; 2) to realize integrated economy of sea and land; 3) to develop ocean by science and technology; 4) to perfect legal institution of marine environment: 5) to establish new idea of sea defending. KEY WORDS: marine resources: marine economy; marine industrial structure; sustainable development

Hydrocarbon reserves of the South China Sea:Implications for regional energy security

The countries such as China,Vietnam,Philippines,Malaysia,Indonesia and Brunei that border South China Sea region have immense stakes in exploring and exploiting the natural resources of the region including hydrocarbon.More than the hydrocarbon reserves,the South China Sea is home to World’s high-networth trade route that brings the interests of non-geographic entities to this region.Further,the purported reserves of hydrocarbon in the region are in the orders of Persian Gulf but are not yet properly explored and the reserves recovered owing to territorial and non-claimant stakeholder’s influences/interventions.This paper is a synopsis of information on the hydrocarbon reserves of the South China Sea region,and evaluates the territorial and extra-territorial interests in the light of energy security and equitable development and utilization of natural resources from a geological perspective.We also suggest several measures for future consideration and implementation.

Application of in situ cultivation in marine microbial resource mining

Microbial communities in marine habitats are regarded as underexplored reservoirs for discovering new natural products with potential application.However,only a few microbes in nature can be cultivated in the laboratory.This has led to the development of a variety of isolation and cultivation methods,and in situ cultivation is one of the most popular.Diverse in situ cultivation methods,with the same basic principle,have been applied to a variety of environmental samples.Compared with conventional approaches,these new methods are able to cultivate previously uncultured and phylogenetically novel microbes,many with biotechnological potential.This review introduces the various in situ cultivation methods for the isolation of previously uncultured microbial species and their potential for marine microbial resource mining.Furthermore,studies that investigated the key and previously unidentified mechanisms of growing uncultivated microorganisms by in situ cultivation,which will shed light on the understanding of microbial uncultivability,were also reviewed.

Structure and Dynamics of Fisheries in Nigeria

The changes that have taken place in Nigerian fisheries are reviewed. Artisanal fishery has continued to dominate the fisheries,contributing over 85% of total fish production. The inland water and coastal seas are fully exploited and the increase in fishery production is not likely. Aquaculture potentials remain untapped as much as deep-sea fisheries. The combined potential of the fisheries resources-freshwater,marine and aquaculture can meet over 90% of the nation's demand for fish. Opportunities for invest-ments,therefore,exist in the various subsectors,especially in the areas of storage,processing and preservation for the capture fishery and fish seed multiplication for aquaculture.

Demands and challenges for construction of marine infrastructures in China

The oceans are crucial to human civilization.They provide core support for exploitation and utilization of marine space,resources,and energy.Thus,marine infrastructures are vital to a nation’s economic sustainable development.To this end,this article first describes the main challenges in current ocean utilization,and then reviews the China’s ocean engineering progress.As such,six major sectors are evaluated:1)global climate change and marine environment,2)comprehensive utilization of marine space,3)marine transportation infrastructure interconnection,4)ocean clean energy development and maricultural facilities,5)ecological crisis and marine engineering countermeasures,and 6)marine infrastructure operation safety and maintenance.Finally,perspectives on future directions of ocean utilization and marine infrastructure construction in China are provided.