Research on the evaluation of marine function zoning and its practice in China

The evaluation of marine function zoning （hereinafter referred to as MFZ） is an important part of MFZ. This paper studies the principles of MFZ evaluation and the evaluation procedures. It is proposed that three main aspects, including the evaluation of MFZ implementation situation, the evaluation of the performance effects and the evaluation of the changes of dependent conditions, are the top priorities in establishing an evaluation indicator system framework. The evaluation of MFZ implementation situation includes assessing the general situation of MFZ and the degree of implementation and public participation. The evaluation of the performance effects involves the assessments of the achievements and the existing problems in the rectification and standardization of utilizing the sea areas, protecting marine resources and environment, and promoting marine economic development. The evaluation of the changes of dependent conditions includes the assessments and measurements of the changes in the social and economic conditions, the use demands of marine industries, marine resource conditions and marine environmental conditions. This paper provides the means of integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches into the scientific and systematic evaluation on MFZ. The evaluation results can determine whether MFZ needs to be altered or not. The results also provide an important reference basis for determining whether a slight or great alteration is justified. To illustrate the utility of the MFZ evaluation indicator system, an evaluation example is given. Further studies are needed to make the evaluation of MFZ more scientific, reasonable, fair and effective.

The application of environmental economics in marine functional zoning and coastal city conceptual planning

There are a lot of functions of marine resources. The various and competing conflicts between different users and different sectors in the use of marine resources will cause the disorderly development of marine resources, and even destroy the marine ecosystem. Marine functional zoning is an effective tool to solve the conflicts. However, there are some shortcomings in the current understanding on marine functional zoning and its practice. In this paper, a case study on the resource-oriented marine functional zoning of Xiangshan Port is introduced. By the principles of resource-oriented and public participation, Xiangshan Port is divided into seven zones, and the main function of the whole port and seven zones are determined by the environmental economics analysis. A case study of Xiamen is also introduced for how to integrate marine functional zoning into a coastal city conceptual planning. Under the conservation principle, resources-oriented principle and so on, the advantages and disadvantages of natural ecosystem, social ecosystem and economic ecosystem are holistically analyzed, the urban orientation of Xiamen is determined as a regional international tourism city, and the whole city is divided into five function zones according to its leading industry -tourism. Resource-oriented marine functional zoning has a long-term guidance for sustainable use of marine resources and development strategy of a coastal city. And environmental economics analysis is an effective tool for resource-orientation.

Corrosion Behavior of a Low-Carbon Steel in Simulated Marine Splash Zone

Experiments were designed to simulate the corrosion of a low-carbon steel exposed to a marine splash zone. The composition and morphology of the rust were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. Corrosion resistance of the rust films was demonstrated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The wettability of the steel surface was calculated from the data conceruing the wetting degree and the conductivity. The results showed that, in the initial stage, the products of the outer rust layer were mainly made up of Fe（Ⅲ） oxyhydroxide, while the main component of the inner rust layer was magnetite. With an increase in the corrosion time, the inner rust layer continuously turned into the outer rust layer. In addition, both rust layers became dense, thus playing a protective role with respect to matrix. The existence of the rust layer significantly prolonged the residence time of the seawater on the sample surface, a result that tends to improve the cathodic protection effect for steel structures exposed to marine splash zones.