Is Business School Performance Impacted by Market Orientation Toward Students, Employers of Students, and Parents of Students？ Views from Accounting Department Chairpersons, Business School Deans, and Academic Vice-Presidents of AACSB Business Schools

This paper is part of a continuing research stream dealing with organizational behavior and performance in higher education, specifically within AACSB-Intemational business schools. Using responses to a national survey sent to AACSB-International members schools located in the United States, we report market orientation levels toward students, parents of students, and employers of students as well as levels of organizational performance reported by accounting department chairpersons, business school deans, and academic vice-presidents. Theory and empirical research suggest that higher levels of market orientation result in higher levels of organizational performance. Comparisons of the various input scores for each customer group （students, parents of students, and employers of students） submitted by the survey respondents are made against a benchmark established for businesses in the marketing literature and then scores are compared by administrative groups against one another. Finally, regression analysis is used to determine if the reported levels of organizational performance are impacted by the levels of reported market orientation. Altogether, 101 accounting department chairpersons, 130 business school deans, and 110 academic vice-presidents responded. The paper presents details of the research process, findings, statistical inferences, and discusses the implications of the research for schools of business and academic accounting departments.

New Thought about the Marketing Orientation of Middle and Small-sized Enterprises of China

The reasonable marketing orientation is related to the survival and the development of the enterprises. According to the disadvantages and superiority of the middle and small sized enterprises of our country, this paper analyzes the new thought about the marketing orientation from the aspects of marketing product orientation, marketing way orientation, marketing target orientation, marketing strategy orientation and marketing idea orientation. It has great theoretical and practical significance.

Investigation Into the Market-Orientated New Product Development Performance

The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigated. A series of hypotheses were developed aiming at presenting a conceptual framework to clarify how market orientation contributes to product innovation performance-moderated by the degree of product innovativeness and affected by the interdepartmental integration. Survey data from 36 business units were analyzed based on the respondents in the research. The statistic results suggest a substantial positive effect of market orientation on product innovation performance. Under the condition of incremental innovativeness among the samples, the more innovative the product is, the more improvements in product innovation performance would be achieved. A variety of particular interdepartmental integration mechanisms have been certified to lend more supports to establishing market orientation and improving product innovation performance.

Entrepreneurial Leadership, Market Orientation, and Firm Performance

This paper explores entrepreneurial leadership, market orientation, and firm performance. It sorts to ascertain through the literature whether entrepreneurial leadership has an influence on market orientation decision and firm performance. The review points to the fact that entrepreneurial leadership creates visionary scenarios which they used to assemble and mobilize a “supporting cast” of participants who become committed to the vision and the discovery of strategic value creation by influencing market orientation decision and thus enhancing firm performance. The study thus developed a process model as a result of the literature reviewed. The study concludes that, entrepreneurial leadership influences the market orientation decision of a firm with the help of the “supporting cast” and this helps the firm to increase its performance.

Research on the effects of command-and-control and market-oriented policy tools on China's energy conservation and emissions reduction innovation

The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.

Market orientation for the hotel segment： The Portuguese case

In view of the importance of the hotel segment for the tourism and for the economy of countries such as Portugal, the objective of this study was to measure the level of orientation for the market of the largest hotel groups of Portugal. This investigation initially emphasized the importance of the marketing for the organizations, mainly the orientation for the market. After a brief explanation on the hotel segment in Portugal, an empirical study was presented, of quantitative, exploratory and traversal character, performed with the largest groups of 20 hotels of Portugal, using as an instrument of collection data, the traditional Markor scale （market orientation） adapted to the hotel sector. After analyzing the data, it was found in the investigated organizations that a good capacity to generate market information and response to the market, which formed two of the three constructs of Markor scale. However the results obtained with the construct of the dissemination of market information were below the expectations. It was possible to conclude that marketing professionals of the large hotel groups in Portugal are well oriented to the market, something not shared by other investigated departments of the hotels. So the current challenge for the main networks of hotels in Portugal is to improve the internal dissemination of information that marketing professionals gathered at the market.

Market Orientation and Business Performance in the Container Port Industry

Identification and responsiveness towards customer needs is a notion that rests deeply in the heart of the marketing concept, and has been discussed in various fields of business and economic literature. At the same time literature in port economics and management has proposed various means for analyzing market conditions, overcoming competitive pressures in the port industry and pursuing sustainable competitive advantage. In line with this discussion, albeit with a significant time delay, port economics and management literature has also proposed the use of marketing strategies as a strategic tool towards achieving port competitiveness. However, the early approaches to port marketing, mainly based on consumer marketing principles, where followed by scarce references, mainly dealing with particularities of marketing implementation in ports and terminals. This paper attempts to provide a solid theoretical background to the notion, the need and the applicability of the marketing concept in the container port industry. It investigates the preconditions under which port marketing strategies are designed and formulated, by measuring the level of market orientation of ports and terminals. Furthermore, it attempts to examine the impact of market orientation on port performance, under the mediating role of marketing tactics and the moderating effect of the ports＇/terminals＇ internal and external environment.

Market Orientation and Libyan Tourism Business＇ Performances： A Comparative Study Between Public and Private Sector

This paper aims to achieve these key objectives： （1） to measure the extent to which Libyan tourism businesses embrace the market orientation concept; （2） to evaluate the private and public tourism businesses＇ performance; （3） to identify the link between market orientation and tourism businesses＇ performances; and （4） to test the influence of ownership and organisational positions on market orientation-business performance relationship. A number of 582 questionnaires were distributed to high-level executives and clerks in tourism businesses in Libya. The key finding is that there is a growth in market orientation adoption. The performance of the private businesses is judged to be much better than the public one. There is a positive correlation between market orientation and tourism businesses＇ performance. This link is much stronger in the private sector. The market orientation in tourism sector is a critical element to drive business performance even in the less competitive environment such as Libya. The value of the paper is that it is the first paper to focus on market orientation in tourism sector in Libya. Therefore, the paper enriches the marketing literature with findings from the Arabic and North African region. Practically, the paper demonstrates the importance of market orientation to improve the Libyan tourism sector performance. Hence, international businesses, Libyan Government, tourism sector managers and employees should benefit from the results of the study. The paper concludes with limitations and future researches.

Market-oriented Construction of Enterprise Economic Management Model

With the development and progress of the market economy,enterprises intending to enhance the market value of economic activities must integrate the core of enterprise economic management,stimulate their creativity,and effectively realize economic goals,and transforming from production factors to management factors.The enterprises must create a strategic economic management model that is more suitable for market demand and promote sustainable development.This paper analyses the importance of market-oriented enterprise economic management model and discusses specific strategies for reference.

Research on the Marketing Strategy of Online Education - Taking New Oriental as an Example

In recent years,with the development of society and the progress of science and technology,online learning has penetrated into people’s daily life,and people’s demand for high-quality curriculum products is more and more strong.From a macro perspective,the continuous growth of national financial investment in education,the continuous upgrading of China’s consumption structure,the development of 5G technology and the popularization of AI intelligence make online teaching less limited.The online education industry is showing an explosive growth trend.More and more online education institutions are listed for financing,and the market value is soaring.However,in 2019,except for GSX,the latest online learning platforms such as New Oriental,Speak English Fluently and Sunlands,have been in a state of loss.Most of these agencies seize the market by increasing advertising investment,but at the same time,they also bring huge marketing costs,which affect the financial performance of the company.With the enhancement of Matthew effect,largescale educational institutions occupy a large market through free classes and low-price classes,while small and medium-sized institutions with weak capital strength are often unable to afford high sales costs,facing the risk of capital chain rupture.Taking new Oriental online as an example,this paper analyzes the problems existing in the marketing strategies of online education institutions.It also puts forward suggestions on four aspects,which are target market,differentiated value,marketing mix and marketing mode,so as to make sure that online education institutions can control marketing expenses and achieve profits by improving course quality,expanding marketing channels and implementing precise positioning.

Investigating the mediating role of innovation capabilities in relationship between strategic orientation and market performance: a case study of Tabriz State Hospitals

Introduction:Innovation is the creation of new products,services,processes or systems that first begin with a thought and is put into operation after successful implementation.This research aims to investigate the mediating role of innovation capabilities in relationship between strategic orientation and market performance in Tabriz state hospitals.Methods:This study is an applied research in terms of the purpose and it is a descriptive-correlative research in terms of methodology.The statistical population involves the staff of Tabriz state hospitals consisting 362 individuals who were selected randomly.A questionnaire was used to collect data from statistical sample.The strategic orientation was operationally defined based on Laek Cannon et al.’s(2011)model,innovation capabilities were defined based on Jimens-Jimens and Sanz Vale’s(2010)model and market performance was defined based on Hajipour et al.’s model(2012).Results:The results showed that the value of CHI SQUAR/DF for the estimated model is 0.817 which indicates the proper fitness of the model.Considering the standardized factor loads and meaningfulness coefficient it can be suggested that strategic orientation affects market performance with the mediating role of innovation capabilities.Meanwhile,the effect of strategic orientation and innovation capabilities on the market performance was confirmed based on the linear regression results.Conclusion:Innovation capabilities play an active role in the relationship between strategic orientation and market performance.Therefore,senior management of organizations needs to work to improve their performance by supporting the ability to innovate and formulating and implementing strategic orientations.

Dynamic Spatial Evolution of Market-oriented Supply Level of State-owned Land

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution and change trend of the marketing level of stateowned land supply so as to provide policy recommendations. Method of spatial autocorrelation analysis is employed. The results indicate that the spatial layout of the land supply marketing level is generally dispersed,but it does assemble in some specific area. The correlation between the marketing level of state-owned land supply and the economic development is not statistically significant. But their relations fluctuate obviously. The overall marketing level of state-owned land supply is increasing and spatially concentrated. The expansion rate of marketing has decreased first and then increased and stabilized now. The high-value cluster center of marketing level of state-owned land supply exists all over the country; however the existence probability of the cluster is bigger in undeveloped areas. It is concluded that spatial autocorrelation analysis is a good method to quantitatively analyze the spatial variation of marketing level of state-owned land supply in China. To grasp the spatial and temporal variations of the marketing level of state-owned land supply is also good to enhance running of the state-owned land market.

Perfecting the Market-Oriented Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Ethnic Minority Areas: A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking market-oriented operation. That not only increases the financial burden of the government, but also leads to the incomprehensive compensation scope. Moreover, China's ecological compensation lacks market mechanism so that it is difficult to set compensation standards and calculate offsets. This paper takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the market-oriented ecological compensation system of ethnic minority areas from the perspective of market economy, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a reference point for the establishment of efficient and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and policies in ethnic minority areas and provide environmental protection for the sustainable development of economy and society of ethnic minority areas.

南美洲Oriente盆地斜坡带W区块构造-岩性复合油藏成藏模式及有利区预测

通过岩心观察、地震解释、储层反演、原油地化分析、油源对比、油气运移示踪分析等对南美洲Oriente盆地斜坡带W区块典型构造-岩性复合油藏的成藏规律进行了分析,并指出了下一步的有利勘探方向。研究结果表明:①Oriente盆地斜坡带W区块构造-岩性复合油藏整体为西倾和西南倾单斜构造,局部发育鼻隆,油藏目的层为白垩系Napo组M1ss段,砂体呈北西—南东向,储层厚度大、物性好。②研究区河口湾砂坝控制有利储层分布,W区块平稳的西倾和西南倾单斜鼻隆构造背景与NW—SE走向的泥岩条带配合控制圈闭形成,有效油气运移通道的空间展布控制成藏。③构造-岩性油藏为三阶段成藏模式,早期常规原油充注,中期原油遭受降解,晚期常规原油混合降稠。④W区块南部地区2个泥岩条带的西南部位是W区块构造-岩性复合圈闭的有利发育区。

Transparent and anti-fogging AlPO_(4)-5 films constructed by oblique oriented nano-flake crystals

In the present work,transparent and anti-fogging AlPO_(4)-5 films were prepared on glass substrates using a novel developed process.The process entails a simple in-situ sol–gel followed by vapor phase transport.The in-situ sol–gel process was implemented by coating the precursor sols for the synthesis of AlPO4-5 on the glass substrates successively using the spin-coating method.The films and powders scribed from the films were characterized by X-Ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),atomic force microscope(AFM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The unique films were composed of oblique oriented nanoflake AlPO_(4)-5 crystals with the thickness of about 20 nm.The formation of nano-flake crystals can be ascribed to the high concentration of the precursors,resulting in the formation of a supersaturation system.The obtained films showed high antifogging performance due to the superhydrophilicity with a water contact angle of lower than 1.0°.The silicone oil contact angle was also low about 8.2°.In addition,heteroatom-substituted AlPO_(4)-5 films showing different colors can be obtained easily by simply adding transition metal ions in the phosphate acid solution during the preparation that can extend the application of the method for different coating demand.

工业用地市场化配置改革的制度变迁逻辑——基于“主体互动-制度共演”框架的分析

工业用地配置是当前要素市场化改革的重要内容。历经40余年的长期改革,市场在其中发挥的作用仍需要进一步加强,如何理解工业用地市场化配置改革的内在逻辑。通过纳入多类行为主体和关联制度,论文构建了“主体互动-制度共演”的理论框架,围绕改革开放以来工业用地市场化配置的改革历程和逻辑展开制度分析。研究发现,中央政府、地方政府和工业企业围绕工业用地配置制度充分互动,分别以制度供给、制度创新和制度需求的形式,在工业用地市场化配置的初步探索、发展调整和深化改革阶段主导了制度演变方向。土地产权、财政管理和政绩考核等关联制度安排也在工业用地配置制度演化过程中发挥了重要作用。研究认为,未来工业用地配置会以市场主体向上传递制度需求的互动形式深化改革,故应建立制度需求的有效反馈机制,服务企业发展和产业转型,重点优化土地利用计划管理和用途管制制度,加快培育土地二级市场和城乡统一的建设用地市场体系。

Unlocking the Network Traffic Password of the Sudden Popularity of Oriental Selection:Consumer Behavior Decision-Making Mechanism Based on Mental Accounting Theory

This paper explores the decision-making mechanism of the consuming behavior hidden behind the sudden popularity of the Oriental Selection Company in terms of the mental accounting theory.Firstly,according to the“Non-alternative”characteristics of mental accounting,this paper expounds how the strategy of the bilingual live-streaming of Oriental Selection promoters stimulates consumers’desire to buy the advertised products and services whilst using the utility theory of mental accounting to analyze how Oriental Selection promoters improve consumers’acquisition utility and total utility.Secondly,we sum up the successful experiences of Oriental Selection:The live-streaming industry should apply the theory of mental accounting in effectively overcoming the shortcomings of the live-streamed marketing by stimulating consumers’desire and influencing their decision-making behavior through the streaming of content that triggers them to make purchases.This is achievable by abandoning the traditional ways of loudly urging consumers to buy goods.Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to use the mental accounting theory in promoting sustainable consumption and points out the prospects for Oriental Selection.

Photo-polymerization of liquid crystalline monomer in oriented liquid crystal phase

A new approach to synthesize liquid crystalline polymer with narrow polydispersity index（PDI） was developed.Photopolymerization of 4-cyanophenyl-4＇-（6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy）benzoate（RM23） in nematic liquid crystals with macroscopic orientation was studied.The effects of the monomer concentration on the molecular weight and PDI of the resulting polymers were studied through gel permeation chromatography（GPC） and polarized optical microscopy.The low PDI of 1.19 and 1.22 was obtained in the reverse and normal modes,respectively.The PDI and molecular weight increased with monomer concentration.

外华内实:基于市场-品牌混合导向赋能中国中小企业竞争力

在当今市场竞争日趋激烈的环境下,中国中小企业亟待转型升级,以应对市场压力和品牌建设的双重挑战。本研究针对中国中小企业在市场导向战略与品牌导向战略融合过程中遇到的挑战,提出了一个整合市场与品牌导向的企业战略框架。研究发现,中小企业在追求市场竞争力的同时,需重视品牌价值的长期投资与维护。通过构建市场-品牌混合导向战略模型,本文提出了战略协同、策略协同和执行协同三大层次的协同体系,以及数据分析支持和评价与反馈两大模块。这一模型旨在帮助中小企业在满足市场需求的同时,构建并传播独特的品牌形象,从而实现高质量竞争力的发展。研究表明,通过有效整合市场与品牌导向,中小企业能够提升其市场竞争力和持续发展能力,为实现企业竞争力的高质量发展提供有力的理论支持。本研究为中国中小企业在市场导向与品牌导向融合中提供了明确的路径和策略,对于我国实施质量兴国战略和经济高质量增长具有重要意义。