Dual Focus upon Industrial Restructuring and Market Access Management

The Central Economic Working Conference of the CPC sets out an important mission for China’s economic development in 2007:"tak- ing energy conservation and protection of the ecological environment as the starting point,actively promote optimization and upgrade of the industrial structure".

Research on the Legal Regulation of Market Access for Agricultural Products in China

On the basis of defining the concept of market access for agricultural products,this paper analyzes the necessity of establishing market access system of agricultural products,proposes the conception of establishing market access system of agricultural products in China;sets up the frame of market access system of agricultural products;analyzes the rationality of the frame of market access system of agricultural products;poses the consideration of economic law regarding setup of market access system of agricultural products.This paper also puts forward the legislative suggestions for establishing market access system of agricultural products as follows:establish the frame of market access system of agricultural products taking quality access as core;establish and perfect the compensation and relief system of guaranteeing benefit of manager and producers;establish the market access system of agricultural products with hierarchical structure;sort out existing laws and form the sound the legal frame of market access system of agricultural products.

Transition to Certification Schemes and Implications for Market Access: GlobalGAP Perspectives in Kenya

Voluntary pre-farm certification schemes especially GlobalGAP are increasingly defining market access for smallholders in developing countries. Their strict demand for financial and technical competencies and concerns for producer welfare and environmental conservation imply that transition to certified production could spell smallholders’ exit or shift to alternative markets for no-compliance. But what factors motivate successful transition to certification and does alternative market access exist for the unsuccessful transition? Multinomial logit estimates reveal training and higher farm assets base as key indicators of successful certification and organized production. However, a large cultivated land resource favours certification but disfavours transition to organized production. The results point to sensitivity of certification schemes to expertise on technical information and assets that enhance cultivation of quality, reliable and hygienic produce and economies of scale in farming. The transition to organized production seems efficient if technical knowledge and assets that enhance cultivation of quality, reliable and hygienic produce are present. The results imply that farmer expertise, farm assets and land resource are critical barriers for farmers transiting to certification schemes. This calls for concerted mitigation if smallholders in developing countries are to benefit from the lucrative premium markets in Western Europe.

A corpus-based approach to understanding market access in fisheries and aquaculture international business research:A systematic literature review

Although fisheries and aquaculture studies might seem marginal to international business(IB)studies in general,fisheries and aquaculture IB(FAIB)management is currently facing increasing pressure to meet global demand and consumption for fish in the next coming decades.In part address to this challenge,the purpose of this systematic review of literature(SLR)study is to investigate the use of the term‘market access’in its context of use in the generic literature and business sector discourse,in comparison to the more specific literature and discourse in fisheries,aquaculture and seafood.This SLR aims to uncover the knowledge/interest gaps between the academic subject discourses and business sector practices.Corpus driven in methodology and using a triangulation method of three different text analysis softwares including AntConc,VOSviewer and Web of Science(WoS)analytics,the SLR results indicate a gap in conceptual knowledge and business practices in how market access is conceived,studied and managed in the pharmaceutical and healthcare marketing industry in comparison to fisheries and aquaculture.FAIB's complexity is directly acknowledged in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Zero Hunger.And while the product orientation of different business sectors might differ,this SLR study works with the assumption that both business sectors are international in orientation,and complex in their operations from product to market.To that extent,research scholars and practitioners in FAIB will need to broaden their efforts in understanding the multiplicity of forces that influences fisheries and aquaculture and its international orientation towards both emerging as well as mature markets.This SLR suggests a conceptual model in understanding the challenges,the potential barriers as well as avenues for solutions to developing market access for FAIB.

Impact of market access and comparative advantage on regional distribution of manufacturing sector

We discuss the effects of trade costs and comparative technology on industry location by employing the model presented by Martin and Rogers(1995).The model supposes comparative technology differences and different intraregional and interregional trade costs and argues how different factors influence location of industrial value added.By processing the designed model,equations were set up to check whether the conclusions from our mathematical model are credible under panel data at the provincial level of China from 1995 to 2014.We find that location of industrial value added in a region is strongly related to infrastructure and local market size while geographical location of a region is an important determinant for deciding which factor should be handled first.

Contribution of Rural Roads to Access to-and Participation in Markets:Theory and Results from Northern Ethiopia

Road accessibility is considered to be one of the major factors influencing (or correlated to) rural households’ access to- and participation in markets. However, there are few studies that investigate this important topic. This paper, therefore, explores the issue from both theoretical and practical perspectives with household and village level data from Northern Ethiopia. It is generally assumed that road accessibility significantly contributes to both access to- and participation in markets by rural households. The results in this study, however, suggest that neither participation in major markets nor the amount of purchased agricultural inputs use are significantly different for households with respect to the degree of road accessibility in the study area. Nevertheless, the situation seems somewhat better in locations with good access to roads. On the other hand, the results in this study confirm that road accessibility significantly contributes to reducing farm gate prices of manufactured goods and increasing farm gate prices of agricultural goods.

CHINA’S MARKET CLIMATE AND THE ECONOMIC PROSPECT AFTER ITS WTO ACCESSION

Reform and opening up to the outside world constitutes a basic long-term state policy that China adheres to 20 odd years’ reform and development has brought about profound changes to the Chinese economy. First, China has transformed from a planned economy to

国内贸易网络与企业全球价值链地位——基于市场可达性的中介效应

现代经济生产与分工日渐网络化,促使国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位攀升的重要作用逐步凸显。文章基于2012—2022年我国上市公司和中国海关匹配数据,考察国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位的影响和作用机制。研究结果表明:国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位具有显著促进作用;中介机制检验结果显示,市场可达性在国内贸易网络影响企业全球价值链地位过程中发挥中介作用;门槛效应检验发现,在市场可达性较高地区,国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位的促进作用更强;异质性检验表明,国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位的正向影响在高生产率企业和中低质量产品企业中更显著。据此,文章提出跨区域拓展与延伸国内贸易网络、制定差异化扶持策略、借助于现有交通网络深化市场可达性等对策建议,以期更好助力企业实现全球价值链地位攀升。

ESG表现与企业跨区域投资

跨区域投资不仅是企业实现规模扩张的重要方式,也是政府促进区域协调发展的重要抓手。文章选取2009—2022年我国A股上市公司数据,探讨企业ESG表现与跨区域投资的关系。研究发现:良好的ESG表现会促进企业跨区域投资;机制检验发现,企业ESG表现主要通过资源获取效应和市场拓展效应促进跨区域投资,当企业信息披露质量越高、受到的融资约束越强、所在地区的市场化水平越低时,ESG表现对企业跨区域投资的促进作用越明显;拓展性研究表明,在投资区位选择上,良好的ESG表现会促使企业资本由经济发达地区向经济欠发达地区流动,在投资模式上,相较于并购投资模式,良好的ESG表现会促使企业更倾向选择新建投资模式进行跨区域投资。研究结果对优化企业跨区域投资策略,推动区域经济协同发展具有重要借鉴价值。

Can the improvement of competitive adequacy and fairness reduce discriminatory M&A behavior?Evidence from the market access negative list pilot in China

Corporate mergers and acquisitions(M&As)are subject to skewed logic due to excessive government regulation.China is progressively adopting the Market Access Negative List(MANL)pilot to transfer the power of resource allocation from the government to the market.Using the DID method,we examine the impact of relaxing market access regulation on firms’M&A behavior against China’s institutional background and the M&A events of listed companies from 2012 to 2019.The MANL significantly increases firms’M&A tendency and amount and strengthens the competitive adequacy and fairness of market-oriented M&A decisions.Post-M&A financial performance does not increase,but human capital productivity,innovation effectiveness and total factor productivity do,demonstrating the dynamic balance of profit and efficiency in M&As.

市场可达性如何促进农户参与产业融合?

通过提升市场可达性推动农户参与产业融合是实现乡村振兴战略的重要途径。本文使用2020-2021年中国土地经济调查(CLES)数据,从交通基础设施与快递基础设施两方面衡量农村市场可达性,并构建Logit模型、双向固定效应模型等检验市场可达性对农户参与产业融合的影响。结果表明:市场可达性可以有效促进农户参与产业融合。进一步分析其作用机制发现:交通基础设施通过加快土地外部化流转促进农户参与产业融合,快递基础设施通过促进当地农户创业吸引农户参与产业融合。异质性分析表明:交通基础设施对农户参与产业融合的促进作用主要体现在风险厌恶群体,快递基础设施对农户参与产业融合的促进作用主要体现在风险偏好群体,作用效果不一致,但二者对接受过相关技术技能培训的农户参与产业融合的积极作用存在同质性。鉴于此,在保证交通基础设施建设的同时,重点加强快递基础设施建设;加快构建土地流转市场,支持农户创业活动;组织公益性技术技能培训,提升农户参与产业融合的能力。

贸易网络、市场可达性与企业全球价值链地位攀升

文章立足微观层面企业贸易网络,在分析贸易网络如何影响企业全球价值链地位攀升的基础上,利用上市企业数据和中国海关数据进行实证分析。结果显示,贸易网络能够显著促进企业全球价值链地位攀升,在通过控制内生性、改变测度方法进行稳健性检验后,这一结论依然成立。进一步研究发现,市场可达性是贸易网络影响企业全球价值链地位攀升的重要影响渠道。此外,贸易网络对东部地区企业全球价值链地位攀升的促进效应较大;市场可达性的中介效应在东部地区企业和非国有企业中更为显著。

城市高铁建设如何促进企业数字化转型?——来自中国上市公司的证据

随着新一轮科技革命和产业变革的持续推进,数字经济已经成为国民经济的核心增长极之一。基于2000—2019年中国上市公司和地级及以上城市面板数据样本,采用双重差分法考察城市高铁建设对企业数字化转型的影响及其作用机制,研究结果表明:首先,城市高铁建设对企业数字化转型具有明显的推动效应,其辐射范围约为20千米;其次,这种积极影响主要是通过降低数字化市场准入门槛、提升数字化技术创新水平和调整数字化管理战略而实现的;再次,城市高铁建设对企业数字化转型的推动效应在网络基础设施建设完善和市场化水平较高的地区以及融资约束宽松的企业样本中表现得更加明显。研究结果有助于揭示高速铁路的微观经济效应,也可为引导企业进行数字化转型提供重要的学理支持和政策参考。

“一带一路”农产品跨境贸易市场准入与贸易壁垒分析

在全球经济和政治格局深刻调整的背景下,本文通过共建“一带一路”平台,促进农产品国际贸易,市场准入与贸易壁垒是影响“一带一路”农产品跨境贸易的两个关键问题,分析农产品“一带一路”跨境贸易的必要性与重要性、“一带一路”倡议下农产品跨境贸易的市场准入与贸易壁垒现状及影响因素,提出提高“一带一路”农产品跨境贸易市场准入与降低贸易壁垒的策略,包括加强国际合作、提高农产品质量、加强农产品出口企业的培训、创新农产品出口模式、建立农产品贸易争端解决机制、积极参与国际农产品标准的制定等措施,促进农产品国际贸易。

市场准入负面清单制度与企业人力资本升级

高层次人才是高质量发展的核心力量,如何有效改善企业人力资本结构是新时代全面深化改革的重点。基于中国沪深A股上市企业数据,实证探究市场准入负面清单制度对企业人力资本结构的影响。研究发现:(1)负面清单制度能有效促进企业人力资本结构优化升级。(2)负面清单制度通过强化产品市场竞争从而驱动人力资本结构升级。(3)负面清单制度促使企业增加了高技能劳动力雇佣规模,缩减了低技能劳动力雇佣规模;同时,负面清单制度的人力资本结构升级效应对于非国有、劳动密集型和市场化水平较低地区的企业更显著。(4)得益于人力资本结构升级,负面清单制度还显著提升了企业的经营表现和创新产出。研究验证了市场准入制度改革对于优化人才资源配置的积极作用,为微观企业寻找高质量发展路径提供经验依据。

Study of the impacts of upstream natural gas market reform in China on infrastructure deployment and social welfare using an SVM-based rolling horizon stochastic game analysis

Natural gas is expected to play a much more important role in China in future decades, and market reform is crucial for its rapid market penetration. At present, the main gas fields, pipelines and liquefied natural gas(LNG) infrastructure are mainly monopolized by large state-owned companies, and one of the important market reform policies is to open up LNG import rights to smaller private companies and traders. Therefore, in the present study, a game theoretical model is proposed to analyze and compare the impacts of different market structures on infrastructure deployment and social welfare. Moreover, a support vector machine-based rolling horizon stochastic method is adopted in the model to simulate real LNG price fluctuations. Four market reform scenarios are proposed considering different policies such as business separation, third-party access(TPA) and their combinations. The results indicate that, with third-party access(TPA)entrance into the LNG market, the construction of LNG infrastructure will be promoted and more gas will be provided at lower prices, and thus the total social welfare will be improved greatly.

Antibiotics/antibacterial drug use, their marketing and promotion during the post-antibiotic golden age and their role in emergence of bacterial resistance

During the post-antibiotic golden age, it has seen a massive antibiotic/antibacterial production and an increase in irrational use of these few existing drugs in the medical and veterinary practice, food industries, tissue cultures, agriculture and commercial ethanol production globally. The irrational drug use has been further exacerbated by the increased marketing and promotion of these drugs by the pharmaceutical companies thus increasing their accessibility in the public and hence their improper use. The lack of production and introduction of the newer and effective antibiotic/antibacterial drugs in clinical practice in the post-antibiotic golden age has seen an increase in the emergence of the resistant pathogenic bacterial infections creating a significant problem in the global health of humankind. The massive productions of the antibiotic/antibacterial drugs have contributed to the poor disposal of these drugs and hence many of them are discharged in various water bodies contributing to the environmental antibiotic/antibacterial drug pollution. In the environment, these drugs exert pressure on the environmental bacteria by destroying useful bacteria that are responsible for the recycling of the organic matter and as well as promoting the selection of the resistant pathogenic bacteria that can spread in human and animal population thus causing an increase in the observed bacterial disease burden and hence a significant global public health problem. The resistant bacterial diseases lead to the high cost, increased occurrence of adverse drug reactions, prolonged hospitalization, the exposure to the second- and third-line drugs like in MDR-TB and XDR-TB that leads to toxicity and deaths as well as the increased poor production in agriculture and animal industry and commercial ethanol production.

市场准入放松、审计市场竞争强度与审计质量

2020年我国实施新证券法和备案规定,明确会计师事务所从事证券服务业务由事前准入审批制改为事后备案制,放松证券审计准入资格要求,旨在满足全面注册制改革后大量上市企业审计需求,这一制度实施将深刻影响审计市场竞争格局与市场结构,对审计主体行为与审计质量产生深远影响。本文以2018-2021年沪深两市A股上市公司为研究对象,检验市场准入放松对审计市场结构及审计质量的影响。结果发现,市场准入放松能降低审计市场集中度,加剧市场竞争,进而促进审计质量提升;短期内新进入市场审计师收取了较高审计费用但未提供高质量审计服务。研究验证了我国证券审计市场准入放松的政策效应,为我国证券审计市场发展及监管优化提供了现实依据和理论支持。