Dual Focus upon Industrial Restructuring and Market Access Management

The Central Economic Working Conference of the CPC sets out an important mission for China’s economic development in 2007:"tak- ing energy conservation and protection of the ecological environment as the starting point,actively promote optimization and upgrade of the industrial structure".

Market Access for Developing Countries： Advantages and Constraints

This paper examines the issue of market access for development in the context of Africa during the age of globalization. The opportunity offered by China--the huge emerging market for Africa＇s exports goes in the way of openness source of economic success.

Research on the Legal Regulation of Market Access for Agricultural Products in China

On the basis of defining the concept of market access for agricultural products,this paper analyzes the necessity of establishing market access system of agricultural products,proposes the conception of establishing market access system of agricultural products in China;sets up the frame of market access system of agricultural products;analyzes the rationality of the frame of market access system of agricultural products;poses the consideration of economic law regarding setup of market access system of agricultural products.This paper also puts forward the legislative suggestions for establishing market access system of agricultural products as follows:establish the frame of market access system of agricultural products taking quality access as core;establish and perfect the compensation and relief system of guaranteeing benefit of manager and producers;establish the market access system of agricultural products with hierarchical structure;sort out existing laws and form the sound the legal frame of market access system of agricultural products.

Can the improvement of competitive adequacy and fairness reduce discriminatory M&A behavior?Evidence from the market access negative list pilot in China

Corporate mergers and acquisitions(M&As)are subject to skewed logic due to excessive government regulation.China is progressively adopting the Market Access Negative List(MANL)pilot to transfer the power of resource allocation from the government to the market.Using the DID method,we examine the impact of relaxing market access regulation on firms’M&A behavior against China’s institutional background and the M&A events of listed companies from 2012 to 2019.The MANL significantly increases firms’M&A tendency and amount and strengthens the competitive adequacy and fairness of market-oriented M&A decisions.Post-M&A financial performance does not increase,but human capital productivity,innovation effectiveness and total factor productivity do,demonstrating the dynamic balance of profit and efficiency in M&As.

Transition to Certification Schemes and Implications for Market Access: GlobalGAP Perspectives in Kenya

Voluntary pre-farm certification schemes especially GlobalGAP are increasingly defining market access for smallholders in developing countries. Their strict demand for financial and technical competencies and concerns for producer welfare and environmental conservation imply that transition to certified production could spell smallholders’ exit or shift to alternative markets for no-compliance. But what factors motivate successful transition to certification and does alternative market access exist for the unsuccessful transition? Multinomial logit estimates reveal training and higher farm assets base as key indicators of successful certification and organized production. However, a large cultivated land resource favours certification but disfavours transition to organized production. The results point to sensitivity of certification schemes to expertise on technical information and assets that enhance cultivation of quality, reliable and hygienic produce and economies of scale in farming. The transition to organized production seems efficient if technical knowledge and assets that enhance cultivation of quality, reliable and hygienic produce are present. The results imply that farmer expertise, farm assets and land resource are critical barriers for farmers transiting to certification schemes. This calls for concerted mitigation if smallholders in developing countries are to benefit from the lucrative premium markets in Western Europe.

A corpus-based approach to understanding market access in fisheries and aquaculture international business research:A systematic literature review

Although fisheries and aquaculture studies might seem marginal to international business(IB)studies in general,fisheries and aquaculture IB(FAIB)management is currently facing increasing pressure to meet global demand and consumption for fish in the next coming decades.In part address to this challenge,the purpose of this systematic review of literature(SLR)study is to investigate the use of the term‘market access’in its context of use in the generic literature and business sector discourse,in comparison to the more specific literature and discourse in fisheries,aquaculture and seafood.This SLR aims to uncover the knowledge/interest gaps between the academic subject discourses and business sector practices.Corpus driven in methodology and using a triangulation method of three different text analysis softwares including AntConc,VOSviewer and Web of Science(WoS)analytics,the SLR results indicate a gap in conceptual knowledge and business practices in how market access is conceived,studied and managed in the pharmaceutical and healthcare marketing industry in comparison to fisheries and aquaculture.FAIB's complexity is directly acknowledged in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Zero Hunger.And while the product orientation of different business sectors might differ,this SLR study works with the assumption that both business sectors are international in orientation,and complex in their operations from product to market.To that extent,research scholars and practitioners in FAIB will need to broaden their efforts in understanding the multiplicity of forces that influences fisheries and aquaculture and its international orientation towards both emerging as well as mature markets.This SLR suggests a conceptual model in understanding the challenges,the potential barriers as well as avenues for solutions to developing market access for FAIB.

Impact of market access and comparative advantage on regional distribution of manufacturing sector

We discuss the effects of trade costs and comparative technology on industry location by employing the model presented by Martin and Rogers(1995).The model supposes comparative technology differences and different intraregional and interregional trade costs and argues how different factors influence location of industrial value added.By processing the designed model,equations were set up to check whether the conclusions from our mathematical model are credible under panel data at the provincial level of China from 1995 to 2014.We find that location of industrial value added in a region is strongly related to infrastructure and local market size while geographical location of a region is an important determinant for deciding which factor should be handled first.

MIIT Plans to Open Broadband Access Market

November 28, 2014--Reeently, MIIT issued the ＂Opinions On Open Access To Broadband Market （Draft）＂, which regulates that private enterprises should be enc：ouraged to participate in the construction and operation of broadband access network infrastructure; encourage the private enterprises to participate in the relevant investment and carry out cooperation with infrastructure companies anti provide broadband resale services etc. The mainthree telecom operators shall not sign exclusive agreements with private enterprises and dynamic adjustment mechanism of prices should be estahlished.

Contribution of Rural Roads to Access to-and Participation in Markets:Theory and Results from Northern Ethiopia

Road accessibility is considered to be one of the major factors influencing (or correlated to) rural households’ access to- and participation in markets. However, there are few studies that investigate this important topic. This paper, therefore, explores the issue from both theoretical and practical perspectives with household and village level data from Northern Ethiopia. It is generally assumed that road accessibility significantly contributes to both access to- and participation in markets by rural households. The results in this study, however, suggest that neither participation in major markets nor the amount of purchased agricultural inputs use are significantly different for households with respect to the degree of road accessibility in the study area. Nevertheless, the situation seems somewhat better in locations with good access to roads. On the other hand, the results in this study confirm that road accessibility significantly contributes to reducing farm gate prices of manufactured goods and increasing farm gate prices of agricultural goods.

CHINA’S MARKET CLIMATE AND THE ECONOMIC PROSPECT AFTER ITS WTO ACCESSION

Reform and opening up to the outside world constitutes a basic long-term state policy that China adheres to 20 odd years’ reform and development has brought about profound changes to the Chinese economy. First, China has transformed from a planned economy to

预防与控制:能源市场准入制度因应“双碳”目标的法律机理

能源结构低碳化转型作为“双碳”目标推进的重要战略,需要一系列制度措施来促进“清洁用能”和“能源供给”兼备的能源结构格局之形成。市场机制是能源结构低碳化转型的主要驱动,而能源市场准入制度是发挥市场机制秩序稳定与风险防范作用的重要约束和规制工具。因此,能源结构低碳化转型须构建完善的能源市场准入制度予以落实。传统能源市场准入制度对低碳治理的规制存在局限,革新的能源市场准入制度应当体现出维护能源市场秩序与气候公共利益实现的双重价值追求,功能定位在“预防—控制”的二元结构。“预防—控制”的功能定位呼唤能源市场准入制度明确更为科学的立法导向,该制度的规范建构须分别在“碳源”阶段与“碳流”阶段实施不同的功能分配、资源整合与立法策略:前者聚焦于调适能源开发利用中传统化石能源、清洁能源与可再生能源的比例,促进能源结构的低碳升级;后者注重能源产业的资质准入与行为监督,在保障能源合理供给的基础上强化低碳治理。由此切入,能源市场准入制度的革新应当按照统一性与差异性相结合的原则,从能源供给与低碳控制两个层面归纳所涉制度要素并对之定性,进一步完善准入标准、许可事务、准入审批与后续监管等要素的规范形态,充实规范内容与程序结构,提升制度能力。具言之,一是以协调能源供给与低碳控制为原则,注重不同能源准入情景下需要何种强度的资格准入、规模准入、项目审查等标准的实践性指向,形成具备稳定性与定量性的准入标准;二是以“能源供给的必要性”和“碳风险程度”为划分标准,根据不同能源开采企业与加工转换企业的特性来识别差异化的运营需求与行为要求,进而厘定各类能源产业的许可条件设定与事务分配;三是以准入审批与后续监管并重的结构化联结为理念,构建以“准入事务与标准的履行能力”为中心的专项审查模式与以“能源供给与低碳控制的义务履行实效”为中心的后续监管模式,强化被准入主体的能源服务供给与低碳义务的履行。

国内贸易网络与企业全球价值链地位——基于市场可达性的中介效应

现代经济生产与分工日渐网络化,促使国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位攀升的重要作用逐步凸显。文章基于2012—2022年我国上市公司和中国海关匹配数据,考察国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位的影响和作用机制。研究结果表明:国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位具有显著促进作用;中介机制检验结果显示,市场可达性在国内贸易网络影响企业全球价值链地位过程中发挥中介作用;门槛效应检验发现,在市场可达性较高地区,国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位的促进作用更强;异质性检验表明,国内贸易网络对企业全球价值链地位的正向影响在高生产率企业和中低质量产品企业中更显著。据此,文章提出跨区域拓展与延伸国内贸易网络、制定差异化扶持策略、借助于现有交通网络深化市场可达性等对策建议,以期更好助力企业实现全球价值链地位攀升。

How Does E-Commerce Policy Affect Consumption Disparities of Rural Households?-Evidence from China

In the context of China’s ongoing efforts to promote countryside revitalization and facilitate domestic economic circulation,it is of great significance to reduce the consumption disparity among rural households and unleash the consumption potential in the countryside.Based on data from China Family Panel Studies,this paper adopts a staggered difference-in-differences method to assess the impact of the e-commerce to enter rural areas on the consumption disparity among rural households.Findings:the comprehensive demonstration work of promoting e-commerce to enter rural areas has reduced the consumption disparity among rural households through the following mechanisms.Firstly,this policy initiative has mitigated the consumption-inhibiting effect on rural household consumption due to the local market size and external market accessibility by promoting the distribution of consumer goods to villages.Secondly,this policy initiative has also increased the agricultural income of rural households and reduced their consumption disparity by distributing farm produce to cities and enhancing the agricultural income of rural households.Moreover,the work is characterized by inclusive growth and is not susceptible to the“elite capture”phenomenon.

ESG表现与企业跨区域投资

跨区域投资不仅是企业实现规模扩张的重要方式,也是政府促进区域协调发展的重要抓手。文章选取2009—2022年我国A股上市公司数据,探讨企业ESG表现与跨区域投资的关系。研究发现:良好的ESG表现会促进企业跨区域投资;机制检验发现,企业ESG表现主要通过资源获取效应和市场拓展效应促进跨区域投资,当企业信息披露质量越高、受到的融资约束越强、所在地区的市场化水平越低时,ESG表现对企业跨区域投资的促进作用越明显;拓展性研究表明,在投资区位选择上,良好的ESG表现会促使企业资本由经济发达地区向经济欠发达地区流动,在投资模式上,相较于并购投资模式,良好的ESG表现会促使企业更倾向选择新建投资模式进行跨区域投资。研究结果对优化企业跨区域投资策略,推动区域经济协同发展具有重要借鉴价值。

制度创新何以赋能区域创新:来自市场准入负面清单模式的证据

作为一项极具中国特色的制度创新,市场准入负面清单模式通过更好把握“有效市场”和“有为政府”的关系,是否可以进一步释放中国创新潜力推动新质生产力提升?借助中国城市层级的数据,构建多期双重差分模型考察市场准入负面清单模式对区域创新的影响及其机制。研究发现,市场准入负面清单模式的实施显著促进了区域创新,并且随时间推移作用效果逐渐增大。机制检验发现,集聚创新资本要素和减少制度性交易成本是上述效应的两条核心机制渠道。异质性影响证实,市场准入负面清单的创新赋能作用在资本要素市场分割程度较高、政商关系水平较低地区中表现得更为明显。最后,对政府配套政策的考察发现,财政科技投入、财政教育投入、知识产权保护与数字政府建设水平的提升均可以强化市场准入负面清单模式对区域创新的促进作用。研究结果表明完善市场准入基础性制度可以进一步释放中国创新潜力,同时也为如何更好发挥区域创新系统中“有效市场”和“有为政府”的协同作用提供了新的启发。

公共基础设施如何影响农地转入增收效应?——基于生产决策与市场接入视角的实证分析

基于陕川渝三省(市)的1436份农户调查数据,对公共基础设施与农户生产决策和市场接入的内在联系进行探讨,进一步厘清在不同公共基础设施水平下农地转入对农户农业收入的影响。结果表明,农地转入促进了家庭农业收入的增长,且生产性公共基础设施和交易效率公共基础设施均能增强农地转入的增收效应。机制分析发现,生产性基础设施通过影响要素投入和种植行为两方面的生产决策提高增收效应,具体包括种子、化肥和农业机械投入的提升,以及减少玉米、增加水稻种植的结构调整。交易效率基础设施尽管对农户的要素投入决策无影响,但能够优化其种植行为决策,表现为既提高种植类型调整频率和经济作物种植概率,又能提升农户的市场接入水平,主要是增强对粮价的关切及拓宽农业销售渠道。异质性分析表明,生产性基础设施强化青年农户与高学历农户的农地转入增收效应更为显著,而交易效率基础设施增强了传统小农和市场型农地转入的增收效应。因此,应进一步完善农村生产性与交易效率等公共基础设施的建设,以充分释放其在农地增收效应中发挥的重要促进作用。

放松市场准入管制与劳动收入份额

在通过放松市场准入管制激发市场活力的同时,发展成果是否合理分配是值得关注的重要问题。本文以中国A股上市公司为研究样本,将市场准入负面清单试点政策作为一项准自然实验,利用多时点双重差分模型,实证检验了放松市场准入管制对企业劳动收入份额的影响。研究发现,放松市场准入管制能够显著提升企业的劳动收入份额。该结论具有稳健性。机制分析表明,市场准入负面清单制度直接促进了市场主体进入,进而通过影响企业的垄断势力、创新研发和投资活动对收入分配产生影响。进一步分析发现,劳动收入份额提升主要来自员工工资待遇的提高而非员工数量的增加;放松市场准入管制还能够促进企业内部劳动要素之间的收入分配公平,缩小收入差距。此外,政策效果在不同政府干预水平的地区、不同行业以及不同产权性质的企业之间存在差异。本文为通过完善市场准入制度优化收入分配格局提供了理论依据。

“一带一路”农产品跨境贸易市场准入与贸易壁垒分析

在全球经济和政治格局深刻调整的背景下,本文通过共建“一带一路”平台,促进农产品国际贸易,市场准入与贸易壁垒是影响“一带一路”农产品跨境贸易的两个关键问题,分析农产品“一带一路”跨境贸易的必要性与重要性、“一带一路”倡议下农产品跨境贸易的市场准入与贸易壁垒现状及影响因素,提出提高“一带一路”农产品跨境贸易市场准入与降低贸易壁垒的策略,包括加强国际合作、提高农产品质量、加强农产品出口企业的培训、创新农产品出口模式、建立农产品贸易争端解决机制、积极参与国际农产品标准的制定等措施,促进农产品国际贸易。

市场可达性如何促进农户参与产业融合?

通过提升市场可达性推动农户参与产业融合是实现乡村振兴战略的重要途径。本文使用2020-2021年中国土地经济调查(CLES)数据,从交通基础设施与快递基础设施两方面衡量农村市场可达性,并构建Logit模型、双向固定效应模型等检验市场可达性对农户参与产业融合的影响。结果表明:市场可达性可以有效促进农户参与产业融合。进一步分析其作用机制发现:交通基础设施通过加快土地外部化流转促进农户参与产业融合,快递基础设施通过促进当地农户创业吸引农户参与产业融合。异质性分析表明:交通基础设施对农户参与产业融合的促进作用主要体现在风险厌恶群体,快递基础设施对农户参与产业融合的促进作用主要体现在风险偏好群体,作用效果不一致,但二者对接受过相关技术技能培训的农户参与产业融合的积极作用存在同质性。鉴于此,在保证交通基础设施建设的同时,重点加强快递基础设施建设;加快构建土地流转市场,支持农户创业活动;组织公益性技术技能培训,提升农户参与产业融合的能力。

新发展格局下我国企业内外贸一体化的对策建议

新发展格局的构建为我国企业内外贸一体化提供了重要契机,面对国内外市场环境的深刻变化,我国企业正积极探索内外贸一体化的新路径,在此背景下,深入分析企业内外贸一体化发展的现状与挑战十分必要。我国企业内外贸一体化在推进过程中面临着市场准入壁垒、信内外贸分割等问题。针对这些问题,本文提出在政策方面,加大政策力度、改善国内营销环境、优化产业结构;市场方面,加快构建全国统一大市场、降低流通成本、大力发展跨境电子商务、培养复合型人才;企业方面,调整发展方式、加快流通渠道建设、转变发展观念,以适应市场需求的变化。综上所述,新发展格局下,我国企业内外贸一体化的发展需要政府、企业及国际市场多方面的共同努力,通过实施上述对策建议,可以有效推动内外贸一体化进程,助力我国经济实现高质量发展。