Tracking domestic ducks:A novel approach for documenting poultry market chains in the context of avian influenza transmission

Agro-ecological conditions associated with the spread and persistence of highly pathogenic avian inlfuenza （HPAI） are not well understood, but the trade of live poultry is suspected to be a major pathway. Although market chains of live bird trade have been studied through indirect means including interviews and questionnaires, direct methods have not been used to identify movements of individual poultry. To bridge the knowledge gap on quantitative movement and transportation of poultry, we introduced a novel approach for applying telemetry to document domestic duck movements from source farms at Poyang Lake, China. We deployed recently developed transmitters that record Global Positioning System （GPS） locations and send them through the Groupe Spécial Mobile （GSM） cellular telephone system. For the ifrst time, we were able to track individually marked ducks from 3 to 396 km from their origin to other farms, distribution facilities, or live bird markets. Our proof of concept test showed that the use of GPS-GSM transmitters may provide di-rect, quantitative information to document the movement of poultry and reveal their market chains. Our ifndings provide an initial indication of the complexity of source-market network connectivity and highlight the great potential for future telemetry studies in poultry network analyses.

Marketing Strategy of Rural Supermarket Chain in Ningxia Based on the Long Tail

Based on the introduction of the Long Tail,the political,economical,social and technological environment for the development of rural supermarket chain in Ningxia is analyzed.The problems in the marketing strategy of Ningxia rural supermarket chain are pointed out,including single products and uneven level of quality,the products,which can not satisfy farmers' needs;low quality of the personnel and imperfect information system,thus the traditional way of marketing is challenged.In the end,from the perspective of products,position,price,and personnel,the marketing strategies for the development of Ningxia rural supermarket chain based on the Long Tail Theory are put forward.

Cooperative Innovation in a Supply Chain with Different Market Power Structures

This paper studies firms’ innovation behavior in a supply chain where two firms first invest to reduce component’ cost according to different innovation modes (non-cooperative innovation, sequential innovation, and cooperative innovation) and then decide the prices according to different market powers (Supplier-Stackelberg, Manufacturer-Stackelberg, and Nash). We find that both the supplier and the manufacturer make more innovation efforts and profits under sequential innovation than under non-cooperative innovation when the market power is any one of three structures. Moreover, the firm prefers to invest as the follower in sequential innovation. We also show that the firms are easy to achieve cooperative innovation under symmetrical power market structure than asymmetrical power market structure. By using a concept named innovation-desirability-index that measures a firm’s desire to innovate in the supply chain, we show that it is optimal for a firm in the chain to cooperate with such a firm whose market power is close to his own if the innovation-desirability-index is higher, otherwise with such a firm whose market power is lower to his own.

Navigating Market Choices: Understanding Carrot Market Outlet Selection among Smallholder Farmers in Kenya

This research delves into the hurdles and strategies aimed at augmenting the market involvement of smallholder carrot farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya. Employing a Multinomial Logit (MNL) model, it scrutinizes the factors influencing the selection of marketing outlets among carrot farmers. The findings unveil that a significant majority (81%) of surveyed farmers actively participate in diverse market outlets, encompassing the farm gate, cleaning point, local market, external market, and export market. Notably, pivotal buyers include aggregators, brokers, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers, with transactions predominantly occurring at the farm level. Additionally, the analysis discerns substantial influences of socio-economic characteristics, experiential factors, and geographical proximity on farmers’ choices of market outlets. Specifically, gender, age, land size, farming experience, and distance to markets emerge as critical determinants. Moreover, the study delves into the examination of market margins along the carrot value chain, shedding light on the potential profitability of carrot farming in the region. Remarkably, higher average gross margins are identified in export and external markets, signaling lucrative prospects for farmers targeting these segments. However, disparities in profit distribution between farmers and traders underscore the necessity for interventions to ensure equitable value distribution throughout the value chain. These findings underscore the imperative for tailored interventions to tackle challenges and foster inclusive agricultural development. Strategies such as farmer organizations, contracting, and vertical integration are advocated to enhance market access and profitability for smallholder carrot farmers. Thus, this study enriches our comprehension of the dynamics within carrot value chains and provides valuable insights for policymakers and development practitioners aiming to uplift rural livelihoods and bolster food security.

基于Markov chain理论的科技成果转化的市场预测

科技成果成功转化的主要标志是其产品的市场畅销度。产品的畅销度由于受各种内外部不确定因素影响,具有随机不确定性。基于这种随机不确定性,运用Markovchain对其产品进行市场预测,并通过实证分析说明其有效性,为科技成果的转化提供具体可行的定量依据。

数据经纪人赋能数据要素交易的实践图景与风险规制

数据要素交易是一种市场化的数据流通方式,旨在释放数据要素价值,激发市场主体创新活力。受制于数据权属不清、交易标的不明、定价标准缺失等理论难题,以及交易体量小、业务类型单一、供需错配等实践困境,数据要素交易并没有想象中活跃。造成数据要素交易乏力的成因冗杂但具有共通性,其中信任赤字、技术壁垒、监管失能等因素占据着主导地位。从数据价值链的视角来看,可以通过数据经纪人制度推进数据要素市场化配置改革。作为数字经济的重要参与者,数据经纪人在聚合数据资源、促进数据流通、实现数据价值等方面扮演着重要角色,不仅与国家政策导向高度契合,同时还具备地方实践基础,确立数据经纪人具有必要性与可行性。但风险与价值并存,数据经纪人在选任标准、行业透明度以及监督考评层面存在诸多不确定性,贸然赋能数据要素交易可能引发新的安全风险。对此,应当有针对性地进行风险防范。一是要划分数据经纪人的类型与等级,根据生态协同、数据运营、技术创新等能力遴选适格主体担任数据经纪人;二是要实施年度注册登记制度,通过定期报送和披露组织结构、业务范围、管理制度等相关信息提升数据处理透明度;三是要建立体系化的监督考评机制,从外部考核与内部评价两方面入手检验数据经纪人的工作成效。

Marketing of African Walnut [Tetracarpidium conophorum Mull. （Arg）] in Southwest Nigeria： Production Issues and Contributions to Stakeholders

The survey was carried out in Ekiti, Oyo, Ogun, Ondo, and Osun states located in SW Nigeria. The respondents for the study include thirty marketers and thirty producers of African walnut randomly selected within each of the state, making a total of 60 respondents per state and 300 for the five states. Two sets of structured questionnaires were designed, one for each eatergory of the respondents. The questionnaires were designed to solicit information on demographic characteristics of the producers and marketers of African walnut, production and marketing challenges of the walnut, price trend along the marketing chain, and interraction and relationships of the middlemen. The questionnaires were administered through individual and focus group methods. Also, indepth interview of the respondents was conducted to supplement data obtained from the questionnaires. Purposive sampling method was used to select local markets where the walnut were sold for study of the price trend of the walnut for two seasons （from 2007 to 2008）. Marketing of the walnut started with farmers that plant the perennial climber on their farmland, while the marketing intermediaries include the village merchants, wholesalers, and the retailers. Adult male dominated the production sector of African walnut while processing and marketing the nuts were mostly done by the women and children. There is high demand for the walnut as delicacy and snack; although industrial usage is yet to be fully developed. Marketing of the cooked nuts and at retail quantity had the highest profit along the marketing chain. There is need for expansion of the current scale of production of the walnut to meet increasing demand. Provision of appropriate storage facilities to prevent spoilage of the product in rural areas and good rural road network for easy conveyance to urban markets where it is majorly consumed is pertinent for marketing of the walnut.

全球价值链嵌入、国内市场一体化与省际收入差距

从双重分工视角出发,将全球价值链嵌入与国内市场一体化纳入同一分析框架,采用省份两两配对面板数据,考察了全球价值链嵌入对省际收入差距的影响以及国内市场一体化的调节作用。研究发现:全球价值链嵌入扩大了省际收入差距,但是当国内市场一体化达到一定程度后,可以抑制全球价值链嵌入对省际收入差距扩大的负面影响。生产率差距是全球价值链嵌入作用于省际收入差距的重要渠道,而国内市场一体化则通过促进产业转移,缓解了全球价值链嵌入对省际收入差距扩大的负面影响。全球价值链嵌入扩大了中国东部省份与中西部省份之间的收入差距,而国内市场一体化可以倒U型调节由全球价值链嵌入所导致的中国东部省份与中西部省份之间的收入差距。构建国内价值链可以正向调节由全球价值链嵌入所导致的省际收入差距。本文基于双重分工视角为新时代中国统筹两个市场和两种资源,实现区域协调发展提供了重要启示。

新发展格局下多维创新链驱动产业链韧性提升研究

目的构建国内国际双循环的新发展格局,明确要素耦合和资源协同视角下,多维创新链组合框架和协同模式,可提升传统和新兴产业链韧性,发展新质生产力。方法基于技术、市场和设计三维创新链驱动的技术/功能创新理论架构,提出了产业链和创新链耦合和协同模型,分别针对传统消费品产业链、战略性新兴产业链、战略性支柱产业链,提出了韧性提升的路径和模式;基于各产业链在三维创新链中的空间位置,构建了韧性提升决策框架。结果我国组合市场创新链、设计创新链驱动功能创新,可提升传统消费品产业链韧性;组合技术创新链、市场创新链驱动技术和功能创新,可提升战略性新兴产业链韧性;组合技术创新链、市场创新链、设计创新链驱动技术和功能创新,可提升战略性支柱产业链韧性。结论基于“一链一策”原则的多维创新链科学组合,特别是发挥设计创新链的拉动技术创新作用,可提升产业链韧性、提供用户福祉、促进社会贡献。

全球生成式人工智能技术专利布局研究

生成式人工智能(Artificial Intelligence Generated Content,AIGC)技术是人工智能的前沿领域。从专利视角出发,通过对Derwent数据库收录的AIGC专利数据进行数据统计、分析和挖掘,从整体角度和产业链角度全面揭示了全球AIGC技术发展现状。研究发现,2017年后,AIGC技术发展进入爆发期,专利公开数量急剧增加;中国是AIGC技术专利公开大国,全球专利市场占比为38.8%,美国、韩国其次,分别占18.9%、16.3%;腾讯、百度、IBM等是AIGC优秀的技术研发主体;算力算据是AIGC技术发展的基础,中国在算力算据专利布局已经形成了一定的优势。但在AIGC核心技术算法方面,中国仍需加大研发力度,以形成核心优势。最终,从搭建良好的产业发展环境、继续加强AIGC技术应用研究,以及AIGC技术专利布局等方面提出相关发展建议。

Thoughts on Participation of Supply and Marketing Cooperative System in Agricultural Social Service

Agricultural social service is an important field in the development of modern agriculture. At present,agricultural social service should be based on the extension of the agricultural industrial chain and value chain. The supply and marketing system has important opportunity to participate in social services. It should be based on deep reform of supply and marketing system,rural industrial poverty alleviation,sustainable agricultural ecological development,development of farmers' cooperative organizations,and increase of organization efficiency. It is recommended to undertake works in construction of platform of supply of agricultural products,commercialization of agricultural technology services,scale development of community-supported agriculture,and market based agricultural social capital. Through improving the team system of supply and marketing system,it is recommended to create platform-based flattening environment and create cooperative ecology in PPP mode to guarantee.

营商环境、产业转移与区域协调发展

营商环境已成为推进产业转移和区域协调发展的关键变量。高度重视优化中西部地区营商环境、鼓励东部地区产业向中西部迁移而不是向海外转移,对推动比较优势在东部和中西部之间的转化、促进产业转型升级和区域协调发展,具有积极的实践价值。现阶段,全球产供链重组要求着力提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平,这就需要通过提升中西部地区的竞争优势,让一些产业循环留在国内,增强中国在全球产供链体系中的自主可控能力。同时,全国统一大市场建设要求中央做好区域协调的战略准备,将过去地方政府依靠创造优惠政策洼地参与区域竞争,转变为创造更好更优的营商环境、建设高标准市场体系。为此,需要加快推进实施市场取向的竞争政策;需要让中国的产业政策转型为中央主导型,促进地方产业政策转向鼓励公平竞争和效率竞争;需要通过再造市场规则、融资环境、政府服务环境、司法环境、公共服务平台等,多管齐下改善中西部地区营商环境。

2022~2023年湖南省牛羊跨省调运市场链调查

为了解掌握湖南省从外省调入牛羊的来源及流向等情况,本研究对2022~2023年通过“牧运通”平台进入湖南省的牛羊进行市场链调查。结果显示:2022~2023年湖南省从省外调入牛15030批次,共有33.87万头,从省外调入羊5964批次,共有117.05万只,涉及27个省(自治区、直辖市)。从省外调入牛用于继续饲养的有11.31万头(占33.4%),从省外调入羊用于继续饲养的有7.65万头(占6.5%),分别有1822批次7.43万头牛、108批次1.69万只羊来源于布病免疫区,说明一些实施布病强制免疫地区没有严格执行国家调运相关政策。调查发现继续饲养牛羊调入后大部分未进行隔离或检测而直接混群饲养,布病等疫病传入的风险较大,建议要进一步加强牛羊的调运监管,并做好对从业人员的宣传教育,降低疫情风险隐患。

资本市场国际化与供应链透明度--基于A股纳入MSCI指数的准自然实验

资本市场国际化不但是开拓国际融资、更好地利用国际金融市场的需要,且对我国资本市场健康发展与上市公司行为具有多重外部治理功效。本文基于A股纳入MSCI指数这一准自然实验,探讨资本市场国际化对供应链透明度的影响。研究发现:A股纳入MSCI指数有助于提高供应链透明度,且国际化战略和商帮文化在此过程中分别发挥了正向和负向的调节效应。该作用在非国有、经济政策不确定性程度较高以及供应链集中度较高的企业中更为显著。作用机制分析表明,资本市场国际化通过引入境外投资者,缓解信息不对称程度和提升企业治理水平进而提高供应链透明度。经济后果检验表明,资本市场国际化通过提升供应链透明度进而提高企业的价值并且缓解过度负债。本文研究丰富了供应链透明度的相关文献,为中国深化资本市场开放、加快构建“双循环”新发展格局提供了重要的经验借鉴。

数据要素交易多边平台研究:现状、进路与框架

为响应国家政策,构建统一完善的数据要素流通交易市场,对当前数据要素的流通交易过程进行梳理分析,为数据要素平台的构建提供思路,对推进我国数据要素市场化配置与数字经济发展具有战略意义。通过案例分析与文献梳理分析了数据要素交易多边市场中的主体及其之间的逻辑关系,总结市场现状中的痛点问题,并基于价值链理论以及社会技术系统理论提出了数据要素交易多边平台的突破路径以及研究框架,以期为数据要素流通交易市场建设提供参考路径。

市场一体化对产业链韧性的影响研究——基于公平竞争审查制度的准自然实验

在全国统一大市场建设的进程中,如何提升产业链韧性,进而维护国家产业安全,是具有重要意义的研究话题。为此,基于2011—2021年270个城市的面板数据,构建最小二乘估计模型和双重差分模型进行实证分析。结果表明,市场一体化对于产业链韧性具有显著的促进作用,经过一系列稳健性检验后,结论依然成立;机制分析发现,市场一体化可以通过促进产业协同集聚、改善资源错配提升城市产业链韧性;异质性分析表明,在区域优势和政策优势较好、人口规模较大、加入城市群以及产业结构高级化水平较高的组别城市中,市场一体化对产业链韧性的作用更为显著;进一步研究发现,市场一体化可以显著提升地理邻近城市和经济相近城市的产业链韧性。切实把握市场一体化与产业链韧性的内在逻辑,可以为全国统一大市场建设提供理论指导和政策建议,以提升产业链韧性,维护国家产业安全。

俄乌冲突下的能源安全及我国的应对

美西方国家对俄罗斯能源实施的严厉制裁将严重影响全球能源安全。俄乌冲突对欧洲地区能源安全的影响,主要表现在能源供应链出现较大程度的断裂,以及经济和社会发展遇阻两方面。美国虽然已实现了能源独立,但由于与全球能源市场的高度一体化,亦使其深陷能源危机的漩涡,加速了美元地位的下降。一轮又一轮的制裁使俄罗斯在国际能源市场的话语权下降,传统能源生产和出口受到重创。为有效应对能源安全问题,欧洲地区正寻求能源供应多元化,并加快推进清洁能源和可再生能源;美国一方面积极抢占欧洲能源市场,另一方面缓慢补充石油战略储备;而俄罗斯积极寻求能源出口转向,加速能源经济技术转型。我国应在顶层设计上抓紧审议通过《能源法》,加大清洁能源和可再生能源的研发力度和支出,深度参与全球能源市场,不过度依赖某一特定国家或地区的进口能源。

C_(3)产业链高质量发展研究及建议

分析预测了我国丙烯及其衍生物聚丙烯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸、苯酚/丙酮、环氧丙烷、丁辛醇等的市场供需情况;指出了我国C_(3)产业链产能全面过剩的原因;提出了新形势下进入C_(3)产业链的切入点、高质量发展建议。

金融科技赋能下供应链金融对企业价值的影响

发展供应链金融对于深化金融供给侧结构性改革,增强金融服务实体经济具有不容忽视的重要战略意义.本文通过对2007年-2019年中国A股上市公司全部320.8万篇公告的文本数据信息进行收集整理,实证检验了上市公司发展供应链金融业务对企业价值的影响.研究结果表明:发展供应链金融在短期可以促进企业股价的上涨,在长期可以促进企业价值的提升,并且上市公司采用的供应链金融业务越多,公告中提到供应链金融词汇越频繁,这种提升效果越显著.发展供应链金融业务可以通过信号传递效应、风险承担效应、系统管理效应促进企业价值提高.在供应链金融相关公告中提到金融科技词汇的词频越高,上市公司获得的企业价值提升效果越强.金融科技可以为股票流动性较低、风险承担较弱的企业发展供应链金融业务起到更强的赋能效果.在进行一系列稳健性检验之后,上述结论依然成立.本文不仅为中国公司发展供应链金融业务提高企业价值,提供了基于公开市场数据大样本的实证证据,也对国家和地方政府支持供应链金融的发展具有现实启示。

数字经济对工业产业链韧性的影响效应研究——兼论创新水平和市场分割的机制作用

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