Constraints of Quality and Marketing of Gannan Navel Orange and Measures for Industrial Development

In order to provide reference for the sustainable development of Gannan navel orange industry,this paper analyzed constraints of quality and marketing of Gannan navel orange. From developing the dominant area of the navel orange and ensuring high quality healthy development of navel orange,it came up with sustainable development recommendations for Gannan navel orange industry,to realize high quality,efficient,and deep development of Gannan navel orange industry in both the area and quantity,and change from simple planting and sales to fresh fruit sales,deep processing,and tourism combined development.

Potato Seed Supply, Marketing and Production Constraints in Eritrea

Potato is an important vegetable crop in Eritrea contributing significantly to food security. Despite its importance, however, production and thus supply of the crop in the market are limited. The current study is designed to understand the seed supply system, marketing out lets and major production constraints. The survey was conducted in the two main potato producing Zobas of the country (Zoba Maekel and Zoba Debub). Qualitative and quantitative data was generated using focus group discussion (PRA) and semi structured questionnaire, respectively. A total of 20 villages were visited and 138 farmers were interviewed. The finding revealed that there is no standard seed supply system thus majority (91.3%) of the growers purchase seed from open market with a limited supply from the Ministry of Agriculture. Furthermore, about 63% of the farmers from Zoba Maekel reserve their own seed for the next cycle compared to 53.6% from Zoba Debub. It was noted that the Tsaeda embaba variety grows predominantly in the country owing to its yield and resistance. Majority of the growers rely on tuber colour and shape for variety identification, thus over 76% prefer the round shaped and white coloured variety. The potential marketing outlets include wholesale, retailer and direct to consumers. Majority (78.3%) of the interviewed growers indicated that large portion of their produce is marketed via wholesaler followed by retailers (27.5%). Main production limiting constraints are identified as low input supplies, availability and cost of clean seeds, pest pressure while huge market demand and access to transportation are considered as potentials encouraging grower. It is, therefore, recommended that an immediate action to establish sustainable seed supply system is taken into consideration in line with a regular extension service to provide technical advice to growers.

Impact of Khat Production and Marketing on the Livelihood of Smallholder Households in Ethiopia

Khat, Ethiopia’s largest export cash crop, is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. However, Ethiopia has not yet fully promoted its position as the utmost producer and exporter of khat in a global market because of its different policy discourses and illegal trade issues on khat production. The life of many smallholder households relies on khat production and its marketing in a country. Hence for thus, some information has been gathered on different aspects of khat with the objectives of reviewing khat’s impacts on the livelihood of smallholder farmers, its production status, and marketing constraints in Ethiopia. To review these objectives, data from CSA, and different published materials on khat were used. According to the review, khat production has a positive impact on securing household food insecurity and improving the livelihood status of smallholder farmers, and the largest foreign exchange-earning cash crops. However, it is exploited almost in all parts of a country’s government policy discourse on khat production and its trade legal issues, lack of infrastructure, zero access to extension services, zero tangible value addition, inadequate technology transfer, and research, and price volatility because of product perishability behavior are among major constraints threatened in khat production in Ethiopia. Its vulnerable and corrupted marketing system, zero market promotion and political dichotomy, long market chain, chronic market information, and unfair price were reported by different scholars as major problems of khat marketing in Ethiopia. From these probs: The government should analyze why and its impact on khat production discourse policy on the livelihood of smallholder households and overlook positive policy proclamation. Encouraging research and technology transfer to transform products into manufacturing industries, enhancing infrastructural and institutional facilities, and improving khat production product technologies through development, and khat production agribusiness industry transformation, institutionalizing its marketing arrangement and other related agronomic practices are among the major recommendations to forward so.

Small Ruminant Production and Marketing Practices in Harawa, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Small ruminant production is an essential component of agricultural activity for smallholder farmers. The aim of this study was to assess small ruminant production and marketing practices in the Harawa district of Somali Region, Ethiopia. For the study 90 households owning small ruminant were selected from three different towns of Harawa district. Information on sheep and goat ownership patterns, production objectives, and management and production constraints were collected from 90 households using semi structured questionnaires. The available feed resources are grass species, crop aftermath and legumes species are the common ones. The average family size was 5.78 ± 0.235 persons per household. Crop-livestock farming was the commonly used farming system with (62.75%) extensive and (27.25%) semi-intensive production system. The mean total land holding was 6.08 ± 0.24 ha per HH and was significantly (P < 0.05) varied across production systems. On average, the sample households owned 46.32 ± 1.22 sheep, 38.28 ± 1.40 goat, 4.85 ± 0.43 cattle, 4.15 ± 0.54 camel, 2.18 ± 0.19 donkey and 0.53 ± 0.20 poultry. The finding shows most of the respondents kept sheep and goats for insurance as ranked first. Feed shortage was ranked first as the main constraint hindering sheep and shortage of veterinary service, drought, disease, water shortage and poor infrastructure were the other major constraints of sheep and goat production in the study area. The major production and marketing constraints in small ruminant production in the area are disease and parasite (cadho), feed and grazing land shortage, low productivity, poor veterinary service and poor of infrastructure. Therefore, it is important to use modern production systems with improved technology in the area and improve traditional system through feed supplementation and better health care. As well as improving marketing efficiency through appropriate policy and provision of information is important.

数字技术可供性对企业绿色创新的影响

数字技术可供性是衡量经济高质量发展的关键组成部分和微观体现,对提高企业绿色创新能力具有重要现实意义。本文基于2012—2021年沪深A股上市企业相关数据,深入探究数字技术可供性对企业绿色创新的影响效应及作用机制。研究结果表明:数字技术可供性能够正向影响企业绿色创新,且经过一系列稳健性检验后该结论依旧成立。机制分析表明,数字技术可供性通过缓解融资约束、提高市场获利能力和促进数字化转型,助推企业绿色创新。进一步分析发现,数字技术可供性对企业绿色创新的促进效应在国有企业、高技术企业中更显著。据此,建议强化市场导向,构建绿色技术创新体系;部署低碳转型,打造绿色技术创新新引擎;聚焦关键领域,激发企业绿色创新活力,以期为提升企业绿色创新水平提供新思路和实践指引。

Investigations into Optimization Models of Crude Oil Distillation Column in the Context of Feed Stock and Market Value

This paper proposes optimization models of crude oil distillation column for both limited and unlimited feed stock and market value of known products prices. The feed to the crude distillation column was assumed to be crude oil containing naphtha gas, kerosene, petrol and diesel as the light-light key, light key, heavy key and heavy-heavy key respectively. The models determined maximum concentrations of heavy key in the distillate and light key in the bottom for limited feed stock and market condition. Both were impurities in their respective positions of the column. The limiting constraints were sales specification concentration of light key in the distillate [ ], heavy key in the bottom [ ] and an operating loading constraint of flooding above the feed tray. For unlimited feed stock and market condition, the optimization models determined the optimum separation [ and ] and feed flow rate that would give maximum profit with minimum purity sales specification constraints of light key in the distillate and heavy key in the bottom as stated above. The feed loading was limited by the reboiler capacity. However, there is need to simulate the optimization models for an existing crude oil distillation column of a refinery in order to validate the models.

土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响研究--基于城市面板数据的检验分析

文章基于2011—2022年中国地级市的面板数据,测算地级市土地出让市场化水平与地级市碳排放绩效,采用空间面板模型、工具变量法及调节效应模型等实证方法,检验了土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响及其内在机制。研究发现:土地出让市场化与城市碳排放绩效之间呈显著的“U”型非线性关系,且通过系列稳健性检验与内生性处理后,该结论依然成立;作用机制检验表明,资源配置与产业结构升级在土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的作用机制中发挥中介作用;调节效应检验表明,双重目标约束在土地出让市场化与碳排放绩效关系中发挥显著调节作用。研究结论有助于深入理解土地出让市场化对城市碳排放绩效的影响效果和内在机理,为推进土地出让市场化发展、提升城市碳排放绩效和优化目标约束提供有益借鉴。

竞争约束如何塑造平台相关市场?--基于反垄断案例的质性研究

相关市场界定是平台经济领域反垄断工作的起点和难点。本文基于10个平台市场和98个传统市场的反垄断案例,采用三阶段编码方法,对比分析平台市场和传统市场中从商品的替代性到市场竞争约束的传递路径,构建平台相关市场的竞争约束作用机制模型。研究发现:第一,平台资本是竞争的主体,资本的物质载体差异产生不同的价值增殖模式,在理论上形成不同的相关市场范围。第二,在流通领域,相同的使用价值追逐有限的社会需求,竞争约束表现为商品的替代性。在生产领域,不同的生产过程追逐动态的生产力水平,竞争约束表现为企业的替代性。平台的综合功能、网络效应、产消劳动和市场结构等经济特征使商品和企业的替代性分析更加复杂。第三,市场支配地位是商品的替代性和企业的替代性丧失的结果,垄断企业通过制造市场壁垒维持市场支配地位,制定高于价值的垄断价格,实现垄断利润,因而可以通过潜在竞争者约束这种垄断的市场结构。本文丰富了马克思主义理论的应用场景,为平台经济领域反垄断实务工作提供了学理支撑。

绿色金融改革创新与制造业ESG表现

利用2017年国务院批准设立绿色金融改革创新试验区作为准自然实验,选取2009~2022年A股上市制造业企业为样本,使用双重差分法实证检验设立绿色金融改革创新试验区对制造业ESG表现的影响。作用机制检验表明,绿色金融改革创新试验区的设立有助于缓解制造业的融资约束、提高盈利能力和提升企业市场价值,进而对制造业的ESG表现产生积极影响。进一步研究发现,设立绿色金融改革创新试验区对制造业ESG表现的影响存在异质性,该影响主要集中在东部地区、市场化程度较高和非重污染的企业中。研究结论在理论上为提升企业ESG表现提供了新视角,在实践上为利用绿色金融政策推动企业绿色转型升级和可持续发展提供了政策启示。

市场化进程、融资约束与现金持有价值

选取我国沪深A股上市企业2013—2021年财务数据为样本,运用固定效应模型检验市场化进程对企业现金持有价值的影响及其渠道机制。研究得出:市场化进程对现金持有价值具有显著负向效应,并且融资约束起中介效应;异质性分析中发现在投资者保护度较低、信息不对称程度较高以及企业成长性较高时该效应更明显。进一步研究得出,现金持有水平还有利于缓解企业的经营风险,促进经营业绩。渠道机制表明持有高额的现金能够发挥预防性功能,在市场化进程较低时可以提高现金持有价值;企业要制定较有弹性的现金持有政策以应对不断变化的外部市场环境;对于持有现金政策的制定不可忽略融资约束这一重要中介变量。

面向系统灵活性提升的大用户激励型需求响应优化策略

针对大规模可再生能源接入电力系统所导致的灵活爬坡产品(FRP)需求激增问题,提出一种大用户激励型需求响应(DR)策略,为独立系统运营商(ISO)获取需求侧灵活性资源提供有效途径。采用用户需求管理行为模型(CDMBM),估计能够反映DR行为差异化的用户响应成本函数;构建ISO与多个大用户之间的激励型DR主从博弈模型,以ISO为决策主体的电能与FRP联合出清优化模型作为上层模型,以大用户参与联合市场DR决策的优化模型作为下层模型,通过将主从博弈问题转换为带均衡约束的数学优化问题,求解博弈均衡解进而得到具有差异化的用户DR单位补偿费用。通过算例分析,验证了所提策略的有效性。

ESG责任履行与企业技术创新提质增效

本文以2009~2022年沪深A股上市企业为研究样本,基于资源依赖理论和信号传递理论,考察了企业ESG履责对企业创新的影响及异质性特征,并对企业技术创新资源投入、资源约束、市场关注在其中的中介传导机制以及数字化转型的调节机制进行了检验。研究发现:(1)企业ESG履责对企业技术创新质量和创新效率均有着显著正向影响,对企业创新有着“提质增效”的重要作用;(2)企业ESG履责能够显著提升企业技术创新资源投入,缓解资源约束,提升市场关注,进而促进企业技术创新质量与创新效率的显著提升,资源投入、资源约束、市场关注在ESG履责对企业创新“提质增效”作用中发挥部分中介作用;(3)数字化转型能够调节ESG履责与企业技术创新间的“提质增效”作用,即企业数字化转型程度越高,企业ESG履责越能促进创新质量与创新效率的提升。

资本市场发行制度改革如何提升企业全要素生产率?——基于推行股票发行注册制的经验分析

实行股票发行注册制能够提高金融资源配置载体的有效性和资本市场价格信号的准确灵敏性,进而通过优化金融资源配置提升企业的全要素生产率。基于我国逐步推行股票发行注册制的准自然实验,采用沪深A股上市公司2016—2022年的数据进行PSM—多期DID分析,结果显示:相比采用核准制发行股票的企业,采用注册制的企业全要素生产率更高,表明实行注册制能够显著提升企业全要素生产率;实行股票发行注册制可以通过缓解企业融资约束、增加企业创新投入、提高企业投资效率等金融资源优化渠道来提升企业全要素生产率;实行股票发行注册制对非国有企业和竞争程度较高行业的企业具有更显著的全要素生产率提升作用,但注册制影响企业全要素生产率的地区异质性不显著。因此,应继续推动股票发行制度改革走深走实,以市场化、规范化、国际化改革完善资本市场运行机制,通过优化金融资源配置赋能实体经济高质量发展。

基于机会约束的售电公司共享储能经济运行优化

针对自有共享储能的售电公司的经济运行优化问题,从产消者共享售电公司所投资共享储能的角度,研究了一种售电公司的新型商业模式。考虑源侧与荷侧的不确定性因素,建立了售电公司共享储能服务运营策略的主从博弈模型,其上层负责求解售电公司最优共享储能服务定价和购售电策略问题,下层负责求解产消者最优运行策略问题,并基于机会约束模型描述源、荷不确定性。根据下层的KKT条件将下层模型转化为上层模型的约束条件,并利用大M法对非线性约束进行线性化。基于3个典型场景算例验证所提新型交互模式的可行性,分析售电公司共享储能服务定价方法和不确定性因素对收益的影响。

资本市场开放与会计稳健性——基于“沪港通”的准自然实验

近年来,我国大力推动了资本市场对外开放的进程。本文基于“沪港通”这一外生政策变化,探讨了资本市场对外开放对企业会计稳健性的影响后果与作用机理。本文研究发现:①“沪港通”的实施显著降低了标的企业的会计稳健性;②作用机制的分析显示,“沪港通”的实施引入境外投资者可以缓解企业的融资约束,降低其提供会计稳健性的动机;③结合企业治理水平分析,“沪港通”对会计稳健性降低的影响在治理水平低的企业中更显著;④结合企业地位及产权性质分析,“沪港通”对会计稳健性降低的影响在地位高组以及国有企业中更显著。综合上述结果表明,“沪港通”实施会通过境外投资者引入等影响企业的决策函数,作用于企业的披露策略。

股份回购与公司资金成本:财务风险视角

以2005—2022年沪深A股上市公司股份回购数据为样本,考察回购前后资金成本变化情况,发现股份回购后企业资金成本呈上升趋势,其中,对于财务风险大的公司,回购导致资金成本上升的情况更加明显。进一步研究也表明,财务风险大的公司,在回购宣告后,其长期市场反应也更差。研究从资金成本角度解释了当前中国股份回购长期价值缺失的原因,揭示出股份回购的长期价值效应受企业内部条件的作用。

电力市场环境下可靠性机组组合机制

完善的双边现货市场是实现电力市场优化资源配置功能的关键,可靠性机组组合是双边现货市场环境下满足日内发电容量充裕度等可靠性要求的重要手段。探讨集中式市场环境下可靠性机组组合的组织方式、出清模型与结算机制。总结国内外各典型电力市场中可靠性机组组合相关机制设计,得到可靠性机组组合机制设计的一般思路。通过算例分析对比各可靠性机组组合出清模型下的市场绩效。基于数值仿真与理论分析结果为中国可靠性机组组合机制设计提供建议。

自贸区制度与资本结构动态调整

自贸区的设立通过制度创新为企业发展带来了新的机遇与挑战。基于2007—2019年A股上市公司的数据,本文首次研究了自贸区设立对企业资本结构动态调整的作用。研究发现,自由贸易试验区的设立显著提高了企业资本结构的调整速度,并且对非国有企业和负债不足的企业该效应更为显著。此外,机制研究表明,自贸区制度通过两个渠道影响资本结构调整:融资约束渠道和市场竞争渠道。进一步研究发现,自贸区设立降低了企业的债务融资成本,并促进了企业的债务和权益融资活动。本文使用工具变量法、倾向性得分匹配法、安慰剂检验、其他的资本结构测度和估计方法进行了一系列稳健性检验,发现研究结论依然成立。总之,本文从资本结构优化的视角评估了中国自贸区建设的微观效应。

利率市场化改革对企业数字化转型的影响

利率市场化改革是金融体制改革的重要内容之一,其在微观层面对企业数字化转型的影响引起了学术界的关注。在阐述利率市场化促进企业数字化转型逻辑的基础上,实证检验利率市场化与企业数字化转型之间的关系。研究表明,利率市场化改革能够显著促进企业数字化转型,随着金融机构存款利率上限及贷款利率下限的取消,进行数字化转型的企业显著增加,且企业数字化转型程度显著提升;利率市场化改革促进企业数字化转型的作用机制体现为降低融资约束、促进企业研发创新、提升企业生产率。同时,企业研发创新、数字化生产和管理系统引进强化了利率市场化对企业数字化转型的促进作用。进一步研究表明,利率市场化改革对企业数字化转型的促进效应在企业规模相对较小、非国有企业和非技术密集型行业的样本中尤为明显。

高新技术企业认定政策对探索式创新的影响——融资约束与动力约束的双重调节作用

利用2003—2019年A股上市公司数据构建双重差分模型,借助文本分析法从行为角度评估了高新技术企业认定政策对企业探索式创新的影响,并考虑融资约束与动力约束的双重调节作用。研究发现:(1)认定政策对企业探索式创新具有显著的促进作用;(2)与低融资约束企业相比,认定政策对高融资约束企业探索式创新的促进作用更强;(3)与市场竞争压力较小的企业相比,认定政策对市场竞争压力较大的企业开展探索式创新的激励作用更强;(4)即使企业面临的市场竞争压力较大(动力约束较低),也仅在高融资约束的情况下,认定政策对探索式创新行为的促进作用才会较为明显,但只要存在较高的融资约束,即使市场竞争压力较小(动力约束较强),认定政策对探索式创新行为仍具有显著的促进作用。