Marketization of Education in China:An Assessment of its Impact on Educational Institutions

本文主要从优点和缺点两方面分析现代化、市场化对中国教育体制造成影响的和新产生的问题,并提出解决问题的政策思路。

The Education Terminal Market Went up

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus has lead those in the education sector to work on ensuring learning is undisrupted when classes are disrupted in China. On January 29, 2020, the Ministry of Education officially issued a notice of "ensuring learning is undisrupted when classes are disrupted" through the network platform.

Market regulation and government intervention of vocational education＇s development

Government intervention and market regulation are two important ways in the process of economic operations, effective govemment intervention and market regulation can promote development of economic. This article briefly summarizes economists defined the government intervention and market regulation in the history of economic. Since the founding of New China, it elaborated to defining process of government intervention and market regulation in the development China＇ s economic. Under the new situation, it proposed government intervention should combine market regulation to achieve sound and fast development of economic. Market regulation in the development of vocational education for the economic development is the goal of training practical talents of vocational education. This objective requires that vocational education must work closely with the needs of economics＇ development and service for the economics＇ development. Under the system of planned economy, contraction between supply of talent and needs of economic is planning to achieve indirectly through a unified government.

Marketization of Higher Education: Interpersonal Meaning on Homepage

Along with globalisation and internationalisation in the context of higher education,a rising proportion of universities around the world adopt market-like policies and customer-oriented attitudes to compete for potential students.With this regard,this article attempts to compare About Information in home page from two prestigious Chinese universities,exploring roles that two target universities act in the relation of students and higher education.Gauging language features within the notion of Moon system and Appraisal system under Halliday’s framework on interpersonal meanings,the comparison and analysis of linguistic features demonstrates that higher education in China is still provider-oriented rather than customer-oriented.However,the competition atmosphere in higher education market is seen subtly and construed directly in lexical level.

Reflexivity in the Transformation of Higher Education:Comparing Japan,South Korea,and Taiwan

The objective of this paper is to compare the transformation of higher educations in Japan,South Korea,and Taiwan.The higher education systems in these societies were established and transformed from homologous Japanese Imperial Universities,and developed toward various higher education systems intermediated by policies under international and domestic contexts.Using second hand data,the results show the common characteristics of these cases from state-led national elitism to market-led massification by means of privatization and commercialization.However,some differences exist in their finances resources,enrolment rates,policies for tuition fees and mostly important,job rewards for those who obtain higher education degrees,comparing to high school ones.The rise of reflexivity further suggests that the right of access to higher education has been changed from institutional limited opportunities,to the actors who decide when,why,and how to accept higher education.The facts imply that the states have to adjust and re-define their roles in higher education,and diverse programs and learning methods will be provided for multiple students in the future.

The Impact of Education on Innovative Economy Polish Experiences

Methods and concepts of innovation performance are widely analyzed, discussed, and evaluated. The influence of educational management on the creation of innovative economy is not widely described in literature, however, procedures of innovation performance include the measures of educational elements. The paper discusses the methodology of European Innovation Scoreboard （EIS） and Innovation Union Scoreboard （IUS） in the aspect of education for innovative economy. Educational indicators in EIS/IUS methodology are quantitative and do not include information about the quality of education. Researchers agreed that innovation processes and economical growth require well-educated and skilled workforce and they assume that skilled workers are on output of the educational system. The measurement system of innovations in Europe includes various economical aspects, allows to observe trends and gives opportunity to improvement for countries and is directed on future educational effects. Quantitative indicators allow to observe trends, educational needs, desires of pupils, and their parents. The efficiency of these indicators is presented on the example of Poland. Educational indicators to improve innovation performance should be very synthetic, but cannot lose important information. The article presents author＇s research on graduate career paths and suggests to include elements of this methodology in the measurement system of innovation economy.

Adjusting the Touristic Educational System to the Exchange of Generation

This paper presents the results of a qualitative research based on a focus group organized within the specializations of Tourism-Services,and Management of FSEAA Brasov,and based on evaluation questionnaires of Management in Tourism courses,organized by SFMT during 2016.In this research,the main features of current graduates(Generation Z born after 1994)were captured,the first generation raised in a digital environment with an online childhood,in relationship with their attitude towards the labor market compared to previous generations(X-born between 1966 and 1976 and Y-Millennials-born between 1977 and 1995),and the need to adapt to the educational system,and the employers’attitude towards these new perspectives,where personal time becomes often more important than the work place.This is a generation of independent people that will change the world!The research has led to conclusions and recommendations at several levels:(1)at a national level-the need to propose some strategies for retaining employment inside the national economy and attracting labor from Diaspora;here an important role can be played within the European funding programs POCU and PNRDP to finance entrepreneurial initiatives;(2)at the employers level-implementing appropriate strategies of attracting and creating loyalty of human resources,of reduction or elimination of seasonality;and(3)at the educational system-strategies to encourage completion of studies at all levels,adapting the system to the needs of new generations,through employers’involvement in the educational process by stimulating the dual vocational education.

Higher Education in Taiwan： An Analysis of Trends Using the Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium

Taiwan is currently facing the serious challenge of decreasing enrollment in higher education institutes （HEIs） due to the oversupply of these institutions and decreasing birthrates. This has necessitated that policymakers implement new policies to meet the demands of the market. This paper uses punctuated equilibrium theory （PET） to explain the circumstances that led to the overexpansion of Taiwan＇s higher education institutions over the past decades. This article also analyzes the social contexts and ramifications of social conflict regarding public expectations and policy changes in the ideology of the educational reform movement.

Good or Bad? : Learning Globalization, Postmodernity and a Changing China Education System

Under the setting of globalization, in the late 1970s, China began to carry out 'the reform and opening-up policy'. During 30 years reform process, Chinese economy has a great growth. The 'market mechanism' and its effectiveness were adopted by Chinese people. With the deep reform of health system, Chinese government delegates more decision-making power to the hospitals, thus 'in employment terms, as two of largest industries (health and education) in every country' (Meadmore P. 1999 p.91), the reform of education has become a hot topic in social debate. In other words, in the field of education in China today, marketization of education is highly focused, causing concerns of various social classes: What are the reforms? What are the results reforms bring about? On exploring the effects of globalization on Chinese education in modernity and presenting advantages and disadvantages in the process of the 'market mechanism' working in and through education to reconsider a market education system creates an external competition for public schools.

用户视角下的教育数据要素交易:安全感知与建议

教育数据要素作为推动教育变革的核心动力,正通过数据要素市场交易推动教育数字化转型纵深发展。然而,目前教育数据要素市场在数据确权、市场监督以及市场交易等制度层面存在不足,阻碍教育数据要素价值的释放。用户作为数据要素市场的核心参与者,其对教育数据要素交易的安全感知与建议是推进数据要素交易有序发展的重要因素。研究面向四类不同用户群体开展了定向调查,发现用户总体对教育数据要素交易持积极态度,且具有较为全面的安全感知,不同用户群体则在教育数据要素基本态度、安全感知与安全建议上存在差异。为加快教育数据要素交易市场建设,可以从加强教育数据要素市场保障,提高高等院校用户市场参与意愿,构建教育数据要素安全体系,满足不同用户群体的安全需求,塑造多元教育数据要素交易市场,推动交易机制向需求侧转型等方面改善。

中国婚姻市场的教育匹配模式及收益测度

婚姻匹配是择偶双方追求婚姻收益最大化的结果,中国高等教育事业的快速发展促使婚姻市场的教育匹配模式出现相应调整,映射出不同教育匹配模式下婚姻收益以及收益差距的双重转变。现有研究主要关注婚姻教育匹配带来的经济与社会效应,在一定程度上忽略了教育及教育匹配模式在微观个体层面对婚姻收益产生的影响,以及由婚姻收益反映出的教育匹配模式的特征和变化。从婚姻收益的角度验证中国婚姻市场中个体搜寻潜在配偶的选择依据,并对过去、当前和未来教育匹配模式的特征差异和发展趋势进行经济解释已成为婚姻匹配研究领域中的一个深层次问题。因此,本文基于第五次、第六次全国人口普查微观数据和第七次全国人口普查长表数据资料分析中国婚姻市场的受教育现状、教育匹配现状及变化特征,同时通过微观数据构建婚姻匹配数据库,使用CS模型对婚姻收益进行测算,考察各受教育水平人口在不同教育匹配模式下的婚姻收益和收益差距,从而解读中国婚姻市场在教育及教育匹配模式层面呈现出的新特征和新趋势。研究发现:第一,我国高等教育普及程度不断加深,适婚年龄人口在高等教育获得方面的性别差异逐渐缩小,近10年来已出现教育性别差异逆转现象。第二,在高等教育事业不断推进的背景下,中国婚姻市场的教育匹配模式也出现相应变化,在教育同质匹配保持主导地位的同时,“男高女低”教育匹配模式的比例下降,“女高男低”的教育匹配模式成为婚姻教育匹配的新趋势。第三,婚姻收益测算结果表明整体上女性婚姻收益高于男性。分受教育水平来看,在低、中学历人口中,女性婚姻收益高于男性;在高学历人口中,男性婚姻收益高于女性。在低、高学历人口中,与配偶的受教育水平差异越大,婚姻收益越低。第四,教育同质匹配模式下的婚姻收益最高,“男高女低”教育匹配模式下的婚姻收益次之,但“女高男低”与“男高女低”教育匹配模式下的婚姻收益差距正逐渐缩小。为提高居民婚姻收益、缩小收益差距,政府和教育部门在积极推进高等教育事业发展的同时,应加强教育差异群体的婚姻辅导工作;家庭内部也应树立夫妻家庭地位平等的观念,淡化家庭分工中的性别因素;此外,婚姻市场中的个体需转变传统的婚姻教育匹配观念,提倡多元化的择偶标准,这将有利于社会整体婚姻收益的提升以及社会不平等现象的改善。

高职院校深化产教融合的困境与对策研究

深化产教融合是高职院校实现高质量发展的本质要求。文章阐述了产教融合的内涵与目的,剖析了当前新形势下遇到的问题与困境,由此建议政府采取加大政策供给与引导、强化评价导向、激励行业企业办学、增强学校服务行业企业能力等多项举措,为高职院校持续深化产教融合注入活力,提供保障。

职业教育发展与新质生产力提升——来自中国274个城市的证据

利用2010-2022年中国274个城市的数据,分析职业教育发展对城市新质生产力水平的影响及其作用机制。研究结果显示:职业教育显著提升了城市新质生产力,这一结论经稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制分析发现,职业教育通过促进技术成果市场化和产业数字化,提升了城市新质生产力水平。异质性分析表明,职业教育发展对城市新质生产力的影响呈现多维异质性,职业教育对中西部区域、教育经费投入大的城市和新质生产力分位数较高城市的促进作用更为明显。据此,应紧扣社会需求,大力推动职业教育高质量发展;畅通转化渠道,充分发挥职业教育加快技术成果市场化和产业数字化的机制作用;遵循比较优势,制定差异化职业教育发展政策。

义务教育阶段市场化教育、公共教育支出与教育水平——基于代际视角的分析

实现发展机会的均等化是缓解教育发展不平衡问题的重要着力点。文章从直接效应与间接效应两个方面,构建了一个公共教育支出、父代收入对子代教育水平影响的分析框架,并进一步探讨市场化教育对公共教育支出直接效应与间接效应的影响。文章利用中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),以义务教育阶段为例,进行了实证检验。研究发现,公共教育支出对子代教育水平的影响包含直接和间接机制:一方面,能够直接促进子代教育水平的提升(直接效应);另一方面,有助于削弱父代收入与子代教育水平之间的相关性(间接效应)。研究还发现,市场化教育具有调节效应,会减弱公共教育支出的直接效应与间接效应。文章建议,充分利用公共教育支出在促进教育机会均等化的作用,加大对低收入家庭的公共教育资源投入,规范市场化教育,提升低收入家庭的发展能力。

基于“三位一体”育人理念的汽车营销实务课程思政实践

课程思政是实现知识传授、能力培养、价值塑造“三位一体”育人理念的有效途径,也是完成立德树人根本任务的必然要求,如何实现专业知识与课程思政的融合,是教学实施中面临的重要课题。文章针对汽车营销实务课程思政研究呈现出内容集中且重复、创新性与高质量成果有限、研究方法单一等问题,以汽车4S店汽车销售九大流程为主线,以企业真实案例为载体,融入社会主义核心价值观、劳动精神和服务意识等思政元素,取得了良好的教学效果,为其他课程的思政设计实践提供借鉴。

英国市场模式职业教育管理制度:特征、局限与改进

英国市场模式职业教育管理制度具有四个本质特征:政府主要依靠经济手段干预职业教育的发展,非政府或半官方机构对职业教育的结果实施考核与认证,成本收益原则控制着职业教育培训的供给,个人必须对自己的教育和培训行为负责。该制度的狭隘性、逐利性、放任性和有限性是导致英国职业教育概念范围狭窄、企业低参与和低投入、运行混乱与成效不佳的主要原因。明确人才培养目标、开展外部质量监控,运用多种手段解决投入与参与问题,借助政府主导的培训项目推动各类劳动力的教育与培训,借助国家职业资格拓展职业教育概念、规范资格授予市场是英国政府改进市场模式局限性的主要举措。

社会和市场需求视域下高职体育课程价值再造研究

为了厘清社会和市场需求对高职类学生身心素养的要求,通过调查研究和访谈调研,引出了在社会和市场需求语境下高职类体育课程价值再造的基本方向,提出了基于社会和市场需求背景下实现高职类体育课程价值再造的路径选择,为高职类体育课程体系实证性改革提供一些理论的支撑。

英国职业教育市场化改革的背景、举措与挑战

20世纪六七十年代英国职业教育的新需求为市场化改革提供了充足的理由,撒切尔政府发动的改革被其后的历届政府所继承和发展。当前英国职业教育市场化改革立足于市场本位的价值观和政府的引领与保障之上,与此同时,构建企业需求导向的管理结构、创建企业主导的质量标准、吸引企业更多的投资、引导各类机构开展生源和资助竞争、创建政府与市场相结合的问责机制是改革的重心所在。英国职业教育市场化改革带来的挑战远比成效多。资助政策频繁变动导致的发展不稳定、复杂的资助系统带来的行政负担、企业作用发挥不佳和职业教育整体水平难以提升等是其中最突出的挑战。英国中央政府的强力管控、市场信号扭曲和市场化管理方法不足等是其挑战出现的主要原因。中国职业教育市场化改革应在平衡政府与市场力量的同时,选取正确的市场信号和采用多种管理手段。

信息素养教育的价值表达与营销框架构建——基于ROST CM6和Nvivo12的质性文本分析

国内高校在构建可推广的普适化、情境化和嵌入实践的信息素养教育模式方面做了诸多努力,但接受信息素养教育的大学生占比还不够普及,信息素养教育在高校尚未被机构内用户广泛接受并持续发展。《高等教育信息素养框架》为开展数智时代高校信息素养教育营销推广提供了制度借鉴,文章运用文本分析工具ROST CM6和Nvivo12对《框架》文本进行质性分析,从社会价值、知识价值、审美价值等8个维度深入挖掘《框架》蕴含的信息素养教育的价值内涵,从价值行动、价值目标、价值功能三个维度构建了信息素养教育的价值营销框架。

高职教育产教融合治理机制改革探析

新中国成立以来,高职教育产教融合治理从政府行政化指令治理向以政府为中心和运用市场手段混合治理的模式转变。以政府为中心的治理具有资源丰富、节约成本、保障质量和满足长远利益与公共利益的优势,但也存在着偏离现实需求、协同困难、政府部门定位模糊、产教协同困难和对企业行政影响力弱等问题。市场手段治理具有快速应对需求、优化资源利用、权责明确和减轻政府负担的优势,但也存在着忽视公共利益与长远利益、不利于市场公平竞争、其他企业搭便车以及滞后性等问题。最后,提出了以市场需求为导向,从治理走向服务,创新部门协同方式,提升企业和学生积极性,分类解决问题和注重教育公平等对策建议。