The quality of pharmaceutical products plays a crucial role in healthcare systems such as hospitals for better patient services. Drug Supply Chain Management requires approaches to uncertainty and risk consideration. ...The quality of pharmaceutical products plays a crucial role in healthcare systems such as hospitals for better patient services. Drug Supply Chain Management requires approaches to uncertainty and risk consideration. This study is a comprehensive multi-objective mathematical model considering the uncertainties and potential reserves in supply and medicine. The proposed model includes three general objective functions that minimize total production costs, including the costs of transportation, maintenance, breakdown, collection, and disposal of waste. The model also maximizes the quality of potential storage. The results show the proposed method has a high quality to solve the model and leads to the optimization of the results to provide the drug supply chain for the proposed example. We have identified three important risks and uncertainties in addressing drug supply planning: the indefinite duration of the licensing process, the risk of a forced brand change, and indefinite repayment levels that lead to varied demand diversification. The results of comparison with other multi-objective optimization methods in existing articles also show better performance of the proposed model. A significant cost reduction results from implementing our model instead of using the over-storage role to estimate the volume of active drug elements, as seen in today’s industry.展开更多
November 28, 2014--Reeently, MIIT issued the ＂Opinions On Open Access To Broadband Market （Draft）＂, which regulates that private enterprises should be enc：ouraged to participate in the construction and operation ...November 28, 2014--Reeently, MIIT issued the ＂Opinions On Open Access To Broadband Market （Draft）＂, which regulates that private enterprises should be enc：ouraged to participate in the construction and operation of broadband access network infrastructure; encourage the private enterprises to participate in the relevant investment and carry out cooperation with infrastructure companies anti provide broadband resale services etc. The mainthree telecom operators shall not sign exclusive agreements with private enterprises and dynamic adjustment mechanism of prices should be estahlished.展开更多
This paper examines the impact of planning and efficiency of markets in a stylized economy which is a finite sequence of markets for goods at successive dates, each market is a hybrid of plan and market, no one of whi...This paper examines the impact of planning and efficiency of markets in a stylized economy which is a finite sequence of markets for goods at successive dates, each market is a hybrid of plan and market, no one of which is complete in Arro Debreu sense. The existence of equilibrium in such a economic model is demonstrated.展开更多
Consider a sequence of markets for goods and securities at successive dates, each market is a hybrid of plan and market, no one of which is complete in Arrow\|Debreu sense. Pseudo\|equilibrium and equilibrium of s...Consider a sequence of markets for goods and securities at successive dates, each market is a hybrid of plan and market, no one of which is complete in Arrow\|Debreu sense. Pseudo\|equilibrium and equilibrium of such an economic model are introduced and the existence of which is demonstrated.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to prove the equilibrium of general equilibrium of market economy in China. As a consequence,it is shown that, when the governmentplanning system gradually loses its function,the correspon...The purpose of this paper is to prove the equilibrium of general equilibrium of market economy in China. As a consequence,it is shown that, when the governmentplanning system gradually loses its function,the corresponding equilibrium point sequence of planned/market mixed economy converges to the unique equilibrium point of market economy. This demonstrates that the transition of China’s planned/market mixed economy to market economy will be stable.展开更多
The Economic System can find its influences in all as-pects of a city’s development. Shenzhen, as one of China’s Special Eco-nomic Zones (SEZ) and with relatively well developed market mecha-nism, is now assuming so...The Economic System can find its influences in all as-pects of a city’s development. Shenzhen, as one of China’s Special Eco-nomic Zones (SEZ) and with relatively well developed market mecha-nism, is now assuming some new characteristics in its urban construc-tion sector and thus requiring more creation in the new round of mas-ter plan formulating. The article is an effort to show a pioneering work of planners in Shenzhen in this regard.展开更多
文摘The quality of pharmaceutical products plays a crucial role in healthcare systems such as hospitals for better patient services. Drug Supply Chain Management requires approaches to uncertainty and risk consideration. This study is a comprehensive multi-objective mathematical model considering the uncertainties and potential reserves in supply and medicine. The proposed model includes three general objective functions that minimize total production costs, including the costs of transportation, maintenance, breakdown, collection, and disposal of waste. The model also maximizes the quality of potential storage. The results show the proposed method has a high quality to solve the model and leads to the optimization of the results to provide the drug supply chain for the proposed example. We have identified three important risks and uncertainties in addressing drug supply planning: the indefinite duration of the licensing process, the risk of a forced brand change, and indefinite repayment levels that lead to varied demand diversification. The results of comparison with other multi-objective optimization methods in existing articles also show better performance of the proposed model. A significant cost reduction results from implementing our model instead of using the over-storage role to estimate the volume of active drug elements, as seen in today’s industry.
文摘November 28, 2014--Reeently, MIIT issued the ＂Opinions On Open Access To Broadband Market （Draft）＂, which regulates that private enterprises should be enc：ouraged to participate in the construction and operation of broadband access network infrastructure; encourage the private enterprises to participate in the relevant investment and carry out cooperation with infrastructure companies anti provide broadband resale services etc. The mainthree telecom operators shall not sign exclusive agreements with private enterprises and dynamic adjustment mechanism of prices should be estahlished.
文摘This paper examines the impact of planning and efficiency of markets in a stylized economy which is a finite sequence of markets for goods at successive dates, each market is a hybrid of plan and market, no one of which is complete in Arro Debreu sense. The existence of equilibrium in such a economic model is demonstrated.
文摘Consider a sequence of markets for goods and securities at successive dates, each market is a hybrid of plan and market, no one of which is complete in Arrow\|Debreu sense. Pseudo\|equilibrium and equilibrium of such an economic model are introduced and the existence of which is demonstrated.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to prove the equilibrium of general equilibrium of market economy in China. As a consequence,it is shown that, when the governmentplanning system gradually loses its function,the corresponding equilibrium point sequence of planned/market mixed economy converges to the unique equilibrium point of market economy. This demonstrates that the transition of China’s planned/market mixed economy to market economy will be stable.
文摘The Economic System can find its influences in all as-pects of a city’s development. Shenzhen, as one of China’s Special Eco-nomic Zones (SEZ) and with relatively well developed market mecha-nism, is now assuming some new characteristics in its urban construc-tion sector and thus requiring more creation in the new round of mas-ter plan formulating. The article is an effort to show a pioneering work of planners in Shenzhen in this regard.
