On Structure,production,and market of bamboo-based panels in China

Since bamboo has the advantages of straight grain, beautiful color, high strength and toughness, and excellent abrasion resistance, bamboo-based panels have been widely used in the fields of vehicle, construction, ship building, furniture, and decoration to partly take the place of wood, steel, plastic etc in China. This paper briefly described the basic component units, including strip, sliver, and particle, of bamboo-based panel and pointed out that to design the structure of bamboo-based panels should follow the principle of symmetric structure, surface forming method, and structuring principle of equalizing stress. According to the processing methods and formation of component units, the authors classified the bamboo-based panels in China into 13 types and presented the manufacturing technique and uses of the bamboo products, such as plybamboo, bamboo flooring, and bamboo-wood composite products in detail. In the last part of the paper, much information were offered on the output, market, and selling prospect of each type of bamboo-based panels.

PRICING EUROPEAN OPTION IN A DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL JUMP-DIFFUSION MODEL WITH TWO MARKET STRUCTURE RISKS AND ITS COMPARISONS

Using Fourier inversion transform, P.D.E. and Feynman-Kac formula, the closedform solution for price on European call option is given in a double exponential jump-diffusion model with two different market structure risks that there exist CIR stochastic volatility of stock return and Vasicek or CIR stochastic interest rate in the market. In the end, the result of the model in the paper is compared with those in other models, including BS model with numerical experiment. These results show that the double exponential jump-diffusion model with CIR-market structure risks is suitable for modelling the real-market changes and very useful.

Study of the impacts of upstream natural gas market reform in China on infrastructure deployment and social welfare using an SVM-based rolling horizon stochastic game analysis

Natural gas is expected to play a much more important role in China in future decades, and market reform is crucial for its rapid market penetration. At present, the main gas fields, pipelines and liquefied natural gas(LNG) infrastructure are mainly monopolized by large state-owned companies, and one of the important market reform policies is to open up LNG import rights to smaller private companies and traders. Therefore, in the present study, a game theoretical model is proposed to analyze and compare the impacts of different market structures on infrastructure deployment and social welfare. Moreover, a support vector machine-based rolling horizon stochastic method is adopted in the model to simulate real LNG price fluctuations. Four market reform scenarios are proposed considering different policies such as business separation, third-party access(TPA) and their combinations. The results indicate that, with third-party access(TPA)entrance into the LNG market, the construction of LNG infrastructure will be promoted and more gas will be provided at lower prices, and thus the total social welfare will be improved greatly.

Copula-EVT Based Tail Dependence Structure of Financial Markets in China

Tail dependence structure model based on Copula theory and extreme value theory （EVT） is constructed to picture the tail correlation of financial time series more exact. The empirical research results show that the Gumbel Copula can fit the upper and lower tail dependence structures of Shanghai A share index and Shenzhen A share index, and correlation of upper tails of both indices is stronger than that of lower-tails.

The Role of Income Structure Improvement in Helping Broaden the Rural Consumer Market

Too large urban-rural gap and weak rural consumption is the most significant problem in rural areas,and also an insurmountable barrier to the process of China's economic development.At the same time,the modernization of agriculture is proposed as the major policy for China to actively solve issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers.Using panel data model and taking into account the regional characteristics and time effects of the sample data,we conduct analysis of the farmers'income structure in the five provinces and one city of East China at the upper reaches of economy,and estimate the effects of farmers'income on farmers'consumer spending,in order to find the main channel for improving farmers'consumption.This paper emphasizes the great significance of farmers'consumption improvement to China's economic restructuring and solving the future economic development in the context of current financial crisis.

How Does E-Commerce Policy Affect Consumption Disparities of Rural Households?-Evidence from China

In the context of China’s ongoing efforts to promote countryside revitalization and facilitate domestic economic circulation,it is of great significance to reduce the consumption disparity among rural households and unleash the consumption potential in the countryside.Based on data from China Family Panel Studies,this paper adopts a staggered difference-in-differences method to assess the impact of the e-commerce to enter rural areas on the consumption disparity among rural households.Findings:the comprehensive demonstration work of promoting e-commerce to enter rural areas has reduced the consumption disparity among rural households through the following mechanisms.Firstly,this policy initiative has mitigated the consumption-inhibiting effect on rural household consumption due to the local market size and external market accessibility by promoting the distribution of consumer goods to villages.Secondly,this policy initiative has also increased the agricultural income of rural households and reduced their consumption disparity by distributing farm produce to cities and enhancing the agricultural income of rural households.Moreover,the work is characterized by inclusive growth and is not susceptible to the“elite capture”phenomenon.

The Influence of E-Commerce on Marketing Practitioners and Consumers

The paper sets out to examine the influence of e-commerce on marketing practitioners and consumers. This researcher found out that e-commerce brings about a new experience for both consumers and marketing practitioners as both groups try to achieve their different goals that end in an online relationship between the duo. This posses a lot of challenges for marketers who have to adapt and modify their offline marketing strategies to suite and meet the demands of e-commerce bringing about the whole concept and execution of e-marketing. The issue of the benefits as well as trust for online transactions based on the fear of insecurity from the consumers＇ perspective was also discussed. In all, the authors concluded that it＇s important for organizations engaging in e-commerce to come up with proper strategies to address these issues and build consumer trust in e-commerce; aiding it to further adapt to the ever changing needs of the business world.

Does Market Timing Affect Capital Structure？： Evidence for Chinese Firms

This paper investigates the market timing hypothesis of capital structure using a sample of 1,077 Chinese firms for the period 1992 to 2007. We find that market timing plays a significant role in capital structure decisions. However, market timing effects are not persistent and disappear within three years. The results suggest the prominent role played by the government in timing of security issues.

REGIONAL STRUCTURE OF CAPITAL MARKET OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN CHINA’S MAINLAND

Since China's reform and open door, the countries and regions of direct investment in China's mainland have been increasing. In 1995, the amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China was US$ 37.81 billion that was from more than 170 countries and regions. The regional structure of capital market of FDI in China has three characteristics: (1) The most of FDI was from the near countries or regions, Hong Kong Macao, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Malaysia provided 80.3% of the amount of FDI in 1995. (2) Only several countries and regions provided most of FDI in China. (3) According to the contributory rate, the main capital market of FDI in China could be divided into four classes, including the guiding market, subsidiary market, new and development market, opportunity market. Most of FDI in China was from the developing countries and regions, which had a negative effect on the size and technical level of foreign capital enterprises. The author puts forward the countermeasures to improve the regional structure of capital market: (1) to keep the guiding market stable, (2) to open up chiefly the subsidiary market, (3) to guide actively the new and developing market, (4) to try hard to start the opportunity market.

The Direction of Marketing in E-commerce

E-commerce is the execution of business transactio ns over the Internet. Companies conducting e-commerce can perform most of the tra nsactions which they are doing now. Most of the marketing method should coincide nt with the changes in e-commerce world. Brand ability will be depressed, but corporate identity and brand identity will be upgraded. So the enterprise should lower the cost of distribution, manufactur ing, and supplying. We can also upgrade the product value which consumer con ceded. Logistic will be core ability. The 3pl and 4pl will be used more and more often. The importance of transportation has grown with the increasing globalization as well as the growth in e-commerce. Firms should identify various transportation network design options and their relative strengths and weaknesses. They should also use methodologies for routing and scheduling deliveries in transportation network. The savings matrix and the generalized assignment methodology can be us ed to minimize the transportation cost while meeting delivery commitments to cus tomers. Information is essential to making good decisions. Information technology provid es the tools to gather information and analyze it in order to make the best deci sions. Information plays a key in every company. Information technology will be used broadly. It is a factual component on which decisions about each of the transportation, facilities, and inventory. In essence, information is the glue that holds the company to other firms, and allows it to function, making informa tion the most important firms drivers. Custom relation management, data based marketing, one to one marketing, electron ic odder system, electronic data exchange, will be used frequent. These new mark eting method is using information technology all. IT investment in program will greatly increase. The consumer can find and compare the price in every character easily on Interne t. Cost becomes the most important factor in product selecting. So the enterpris e has to lower cost in every part, especially using high-tech, new material, ad vantage management method. But the quality of production should be guarantee. In e-commerce world, people meet together less, and the news expressed quickly, every decision of enterprise should first consider it disadvantage on trans mit, then, try to control the transmit manner. The crisis management is importan t to public communication. Sales promotion method needs innovation. Broadcast, public communication, salesm anship, and physical evidence will be changed. More and more advertisers head fo r the Web to promote their wares. A supply chain consists of all stages involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfi lling a customer request. Through e-commerce, a supply chain can operate in low cost, immediate customer reaction, and benefit to all enterprise in the supply chain. The objective of supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated.

A Research on the E-commerce Applied to the Construction of Marketing Model

The function of E-commerce is becoming more and more widely applied to many fields,which bring about some new challenges and opportunities for the construction of marketing model.It is proved that the more E-com- merce applied to the construction of marketing,the more precision of forecast for the enterprises can acquire,which is very helpful for the production and marketing of enterprises.Therefore,the research on the E-commerce applied to the construction of marketing is popular today.This paper applie...

Influence of China's Grain Industrial Market Structure over Grain Pricing Power

From the point of view of industrial market structure,we analyze the influence of market structure on grain production,circulation,and processing,and on the grain pricing power of entities along China's grain industrial chain.Through analysis,it is indicated that different features of market structure play a significant role in pricing power of such microeconomic entities as farmers and grain enterprises in grain production and transaction.And the market structure determines welfare distribution model of consumers' surplus and producers' surplus at the market.

Forecasting World Market Structure of Iran＇s Pistachio Exports

Iran is the main pistachio producer and exporter country in the world. Pistachio as a commercial output has a special importance in the agricultural production of Iran and contains large portion of non-oil exportation. The main aim of this study has been to analysis the world market and Iran＇s pistachio exports market using Hirschman-Herfindahl index. For this purpose, Iran＇s exports data over 1992-2009 and world exports statistics in 1992-2007 have been used. The results showed that diversification in target markets of Iran＇s pistachio exports increased in this period. The market structure of pistachio exports for Iran has been predominant firm and monopoly in first and end of this period, respectively. While in world market, Iran has been predominant firm except 1997 and 2007 years. According to findings of this study, it is forecasted that the competition degree of Iran＇s pistachio exports market will increase during the period 2011 to 2015.

Research on the Modern Precision E-commerce Marketing Model under the Big Data and Pattern Recognition Background

In this paper, we conduct research on the modern precision e-commerce marketing model under the big data and pattern recognition background. Large amount of consumption data provides the electricity enterprises grasp the user consumption pattern and the basis of the electric business enterprise through the use of big data can be personalized, accurate and intelligent advertising push service, service mode for the creation of more interesting and effective. Under this basis, electricity companies can also pass the assurance of pair of big data, looking for better increase user stickiness, development of new products and services, the ways and methods to reduce operational costs and accordingly, we propose the novel perspectives on the corresponding issues for the systematic level enhancement that provides the novel methodology of precision e-commerce marketing.

Factors of Marketing Toward Customer Decision-Making in Cross-Border E-Commerce:Case Study of QD Company

Taking small cross-border e-commerce enterprise QD company as an example,this study targets customers consuming on the platform of cross-border e-commerce enterprise QD company,and the purpose is to study the marketing factors affecting customer decision-making.By combining with relevant literature,this paper preliminarily confirmed that 7Ps,Technology Acceptance Model(TAM),and customer decision-making theory as the theoretical basis,and established the theoretical model.According to the mature scale of domestic and foreign scholars to measure the research variables,with 7Ps and TAM as the independent variable,TAM perceived usefulness and ease of use as the core of the independent variable,customer decision-making as the dependent variable,in the test before the project,forming a formal questionnaire,the main data are obtained through the design and distribution of the questionnaire.Based on a large number of relevant literature,this paper examines the marketing factors influencing customer decisions in cross-border e-commerce,then identifies goals,builds models,and proposes hypotheses.According to the technical acceptance model in consumer behavior theory,select the cross-border e-commerce enterprise quantum dot platform of consumers as the research object,finally through SPSS software on cross-border consumer feedback,including descriptive statistical analysis,factor analysis,correlation analysis,regression analysis test customer satisfaction,finally found a significant positive relationship between customer decision-making and marketing mix and TAM variables.

Research on the Impact of Market Competition, Ownership Structure, and Corporate Social Responsibility

This article takes companies listed from 2014 to 2016 as research objects,relies on principal–agent theory,stakeholder theories,and reputation theories,and examines the ownership structure,market competition,and corporate social responsibility(CSR)using a multiple regression approach based on a hybrid ownership perspective.At the same time,the relationship between market competition and equity structure was studied.Research shows that product competition degree and CSR are in an inverted“U”relationship;ownership concentration is positively related to CSR;equity balance and CSR are negative.When related to market competition variables,the mixed-owned companies listed degree of ownership concentration are still positively related to CSR,and the linear relationship of negative balance of ownership balance becomes an inverted“U”-shaped curve relationship.The market competition has improved the restraint of CSR by the degree of ownership balance.

A Critical Review of the Effects of Stock Returns and Market Timing on Capital Structure

Capital structure is regarded as the combination of debt and equity firms used to finance operations and investments.The choice of capital structure significantly impacts a company’s cost of capital,profitability,and risk profile.Among a series of factors that affect capital structure,this paper focuses on stock returns and market timing.In this review,an array of papers is analyzed to summarize what current research claims regarding the influence of stock returns and market timing on capital structure.This paper centers on the stock return and market timing theories and also discusses other theories like the trade-off theory,the pecking order theory,and the signaling theory.

Study on the Interior Market Network Structure and Its Efficiency in a Knowledge Based Company

A knowledge based company is the microcosmic foundation of the knowledge economy, the design of its organization structure should amplify the company competence to be agile to the knowledge elements. This paper expounds an interior market network structure which is fit for the company intellectual capital operation, and analyses this organization pattern about the reasons of existence, the effectiveness of growing up in scale, the economies of knowledge distribution and the efficiency of operation, and it will provide some beneficial theoretical guidance about how can a company improve its competition competence in the knowledge environment through organization innovation.

Current Status and Trend of Internet and E-Commerce Market in Korea

After the remarkable increase of Internet users and broadband Internet subscribers at the end of the 20th century, the size of Korean Internet and e-commerce market steadily increased but the growth rate has been either stagnant or decreased. Trends of Korean Internet and e-commerce market are summarized in this paper the trends on Internet usage are introduced. Trends of online games, blogs and wireless Internet are introduced. The trends of Korean Internet market may have implications for China and Japan.

Research on the Selection of Supply Chain Marketing Models Based on E-commerce Service Levels

Based on the game theory,the service sensitivity coefficient is introduced to construct four marketing game models,which include a single flagship store,a single self-operated store,a direct sales-flagship store,and a direct sales-self-operated store,in combination with numerical analysis methods to analyze manufacturers and e-commerce platforms in different situations.The study found that the service levels affected the profit of each entity in the supply chain.The service levels of self-operated stores were higher than those of the flagship stores,and the opening of direct sales channels had a stimulating effect on the service levels of e-commerce platforms to a certain extent.In consideration of the service levels and the ability to build direct sales channels,the direct sales-flagship store marketing model is the best choice for manufacturers whereas e-commerce platforms are more inclined to open self-operated stores.However,the opening of manufacturers'direct sales channels is not necessarily beneficial to e-commerce platforms.