Traditional theory holds that a farmland transfer market comes of institution, demand and land lease. In this article, several villages, including Hongqi in Sichuan province, Liyuantun in Hebei province, Hucun in Huna...Traditional theory holds that a farmland transfer market comes of institution, demand and land lease. In this article, several villages, including Hongqi in Sichuan province, Liyuantun in Hebei province, Hucun in Hunan province, and Xiaogang and its neighboring villages in Anhui province, are studied in terms of the formation and development of their farmland transfer markets. Based on this study, the article concludes that the prerequisite for the making of farmland transfer market is farmland output and returns. It is a necessary condition for the market while demand is a sufficient one. In particular, external capital may promote the demand for farmland and rediscover farmland value. Institution, however, is not the direct reason for the inception of the farmland transfer market, though it ensures that the regulations for this market will be upgraded.展开更多
The experiments of large consumers direct power trading is conducting in china nationwide, and it’s important to the reform of electricity market. To compensated efficiencies in security correction of large consumers...The experiments of large consumers direct power trading is conducting in china nationwide, and it’s important to the reform of electricity market. To compensated efficiencies in security correction of large consumers direct power trading, a novel security correction method based on DC power transfer distribution factor was proposed. Using the presented method to comply security correction, all the transactions that satisfy the specific requirements of maximizing social welfare are able to enter security correction process, and when the power of transmission line is out of limit, this method avoid the transaction which causes this problem is abandoned directly by introducing supplement transactions. The simulation has shown that the proposed security correction method of large consumers direct power trading based on DC power transfer distribution factor is effective.展开更多
Congestion is the prime cause of problems, due to open access of power system. The AC Power Transmission Congestion Distribution factor (PTCDF) is suitable for computing change in any line quantity for a change in MW ...Congestion is the prime cause of problems, due to open access of power system. The AC Power Transmission Congestion Distribution factor (PTCDF) is suitable for computing change in any line quantity for a change in MW bilateral transaction. The proposed PTCDF method is more accurate as compared to the DC power distribution factor. With PTCDF ATC can be calculated. After calculating ATC it is possible to know the valid multiple transaction on power system. With the help of ATC calculations congestion problem can be solved in restructured electrical power network. The paper presents the method for calculating ATC using PTCDF.展开更多
基金one of the milestones in the key program (Program No.2006JDXM09) "Socialization of the production,living and communication of farming households and the construction of public service network"the social science program (No.07JA790009) "Socialization of production by farming households and the construction of public service network."
文摘Traditional theory holds that a farmland transfer market comes of institution, demand and land lease. In this article, several villages, including Hongqi in Sichuan province, Liyuantun in Hebei province, Hucun in Hunan province, and Xiaogang and its neighboring villages in Anhui province, are studied in terms of the formation and development of their farmland transfer markets. Based on this study, the article concludes that the prerequisite for the making of farmland transfer market is farmland output and returns. It is a necessary condition for the market while demand is a sufficient one. In particular, external capital may promote the demand for farmland and rediscover farmland value. Institution, however, is not the direct reason for the inception of the farmland transfer market, though it ensures that the regulations for this market will be upgraded.
文摘The experiments of large consumers direct power trading is conducting in china nationwide, and it’s important to the reform of electricity market. To compensated efficiencies in security correction of large consumers direct power trading, a novel security correction method based on DC power transfer distribution factor was proposed. Using the presented method to comply security correction, all the transactions that satisfy the specific requirements of maximizing social welfare are able to enter security correction process, and when the power of transmission line is out of limit, this method avoid the transaction which causes this problem is abandoned directly by introducing supplement transactions. The simulation has shown that the proposed security correction method of large consumers direct power trading based on DC power transfer distribution factor is effective.
文摘Congestion is the prime cause of problems, due to open access of power system. The AC Power Transmission Congestion Distribution factor (PTCDF) is suitable for computing change in any line quantity for a change in MW bilateral transaction. The proposed PTCDF method is more accurate as compared to the DC power distribution factor. With PTCDF ATC can be calculated. After calculating ATC it is possible to know the valid multiple transaction on power system. With the help of ATC calculations congestion problem can be solved in restructured electrical power network. The paper presents the method for calculating ATC using PTCDF.
文摘联合循环(Combined Cycle, CC)机组具有能源利用效率高、温室气体排放量低和运行方式灵活等特性,在电力系统中得到了越来越广泛的应用,积极参与到电力市场的竞价中。为了研究CC机组在日前电量市场中的竞价行为,文中提出了一种日前电量市场中CC机组竞价策略双层模型。上层模型为基于模式的CC机组竞价模型,下层模型为日前电量市场出清模型。该模型中的CC机组和独立系统运营商(Independent System Operator, ISO)通过电量市场出清得到的节点边际电价(Locational Marginal Prices, LMP)相互影响。CC机组向ISO提交报价同时影响电量市场的出清结果,并根据ISO进行的下层市场出清结果安排发电计划。利用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件和对偶理论,将所提出的双层优化模型转化为均衡约束数学规划问题(Mathematical Program With Equilibrium Constraint, MPEC)。结果显示,文中所提出的竞价策略提高了CC机组在电量市场中的收益12.28%,降低市场的运行成本25.37%,验证了所提出模型的有效性。
